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The 1908 United States House of Representatives elections were held for the most part on November 3, 1908, with Oregon, Maine, and Vermont holding theirs early in either June or September. They coincided with the 1908 United States presidential election, which William Howard Taft won. Elections were held for all 391 seats of the United States House of Representatives, representing 46 states, to serve in the 61st United States Congress.
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All 391 seats in the United States House of Representatives 196 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Taft was not as popular as his predecessor, Theodore Roosevelt,[citation needed] but won with Roosevelt's backing, and his Republican Party lost only a handful of seats to the opposition Democrats. Without any striking national issues, the Republicans were able to remain in control. Regional issues led to some changes in House membership, but new Democrats who were elected by dissatisfied industrial workers were balanced out by new Republicans who gained seats in districts with a strong middle class presence.
Election summaries
edit172 | 219 |
Democratic | Republican |
State | Type | Total seats |
Democratic | Republican | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seats | Change | Seats | Change | |||
Alabama | District | 9 | 9 | 0 | ||
Arkansas | District | 7 | 7 | 0 | ||
California | District | 8 | 0 | 8 | ||
Colorado | District +at-large |
3 | 3 | 0 | ||
Connecticut | District +at-large |
5 | 0 | 5 | ||
Delaware | At-large | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
Florida | District | 3 | 3 | 0 | ||
Georgia | District | 11 | 11 | 0 | ||
Idaho | At-large | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
Illinois | District | 25 | 6 | 19 | ||
Indiana | District | 13 | 11 | 2 | ||
Iowa | District | 11 | 1 | 10 | ||
Kansas | District | 8 | 0 | 8 | ||
Kentucky | District | 11 | 8 | 3 | ||
Louisiana | District | 7 | 7 | 0 | ||
Maine[c] | District | 4 | 0 | 4 | ||
Maryland | District | 6 | 3 | 3 | ||
Massachusetts | District | 14 | 3 | 11 | ||
Michigan | District | 12 | 0 | 12 | ||
Minnesota | District | 9 | 1 | 8 | ||
Mississippi | District | 8 | 8 | 0 | ||
Missouri | District | 16 | 10 | 6 | ||
Montana | At-large | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
Nebraska | District | 6 | 3 | 3 | ||
Nevada | At-large | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
New Hampshire | District | 2 | 0 | 2 | ||
New Jersey | District | 10 | 3 | 7 | ||
New York | District | 37 | 11 | 26 | ||
North Carolina | District | 10 | 7 | 3 | ||
North Dakota | District | 2 | 0 | 2 | ||
Ohio | District | 21 | 8 | 13 | ||
Oklahoma | District | 5 | 2 | 3 | ||
Oregon[c] | District | 2 | 0 | 2 | ||
Pennsylvania | District | 32 | 5 | 27 | ||
Rhode Island | District | 2 | 0 | 2 | ||
South Carolina | District | 7 | 7 | 0 | ||
South Dakota | At-large | 2 | 0 | 2 | ||
Tennessee | District | 10 | 8 | 2 | ||
Texas | District | 16 | 16 | 0 | ||
Utah | At-large | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
Vermont[c] | District | 2 | 0 | 2 | ||
Virginia | District | 10 | 9 | 1 | ||
Washington | District[d] | 3 | 0 | 3 | ||
West Virginia | District | 5 | 0 | 5 | ||
Wisconsin | District | 11 | 1 | 10 | ||
Wyoming | At-large | 1 | 0 | 1 | ||
Total | 391 | 172 44.0% |
219 56.0% |
Special elections
editThere were nine special elections in 1908.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Illinois 25 | George W. Smith | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent died November 30, 1907. New member elected February 15, 1908. Republican hold. |
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Alabama 2 | Ariosto A. Wiley | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent died June 17, 1908. New member elected November 3, 1908 to finish his brother's term. Democratic hold. |
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Indiana 13 | Abraham L. Brick | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent died April 7, 1908. New member elected November 3, 1908. Democratic gain. Successor was also elected the same day to the next term; see below. |
|
Louisiana 1 | Adolph Meyer | Democratic | 1890 | Incumbent died March 8, 1908. New member elected November 3, 1908. Democratic hold. Successor was also elected the same day to the next term; see below. |
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Maine 2 | Charles E. Littlefield | Republican | 1899 (Special) | Incumbent died September 30, 1908. New member elected November 3, 1908. Republican hold. Successor had already been elected to the next term; see below. |
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Maine 4 | Llewellyn Powers | Republican | 1876 1878 (Lost) 1901 (Special) |
Incumbent died July 28, 1908. New member elected November 3, 1908. Republican hold. Successor had already been elected to the next term; see below. |
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New York 3 | Charles T. Dunwell | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent died June 12, 1908. New member elected November 3, 1908. Republican hold. Successor was also elected the same day to the next term; see below. |
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South Dakota at-large | William H. Parker | Republican | 1906 | Incumbent died June 26, 1908. New member elected November 3, 1908. Republican hold. Successor was also elected the same day to the next term; see below. |
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Regular election dates
editAll the states held their regular elections November 3, 1908 except for three, which, held elections:
Alabama
editAlaska Territory
editSee Non-voting delegates, below.
Arizona Territory
editSee Non-voting delegates, below.
Arkansas
editCalifornia
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
California 1 | William F. Englebright | Republican | 1906 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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California 2 | Duncan E. McKinlay | Republican | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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California 3 | Joseph R. Knowland | Republican | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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California 4 | Julius Kahn | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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California 5 | Everis A. Hayes | Republican | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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California 6 | James C. Needham | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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California 7 | James McLachlan | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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California 8 | Sylvester C. Smith | Republican | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Colorado
editConnecticut
editDelaware
editFlorida
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Florida 1 | Stephen M. Sparkman | Democratic | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Florida 2 | Frank Clark | Democratic | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Florida 3 | William B. Lamar | Democratic | 1902 | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator. New member elected. Democratic hold |
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Georgia
editIdaho
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Idaho at-large | Burton L. French | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Republican hold. |
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Illinois
editIndiana
editIowa
editKansas
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Kansas 1 | Daniel R. Anthony Jr. | Republican | 1907 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Kansas 2 | Charles F. Scott | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Kansas 3 | Philip P. Campbell | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Kansas 4 | James Monroe Miller | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Kansas 5 | William A. Calderhead | Republican | 1894 1896 (lost) 1898 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
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Kansas 6 | William A. Reeder | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Kansas 7 | Edmond H. Madison | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Kansas 8 | Victor Murdock | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Kentucky
editLouisiana
editMaine
editMaryland
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Maryland 1 | William H. Jackson | Republican | 1906 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
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Maryland 2 | J. Frederick C. Talbott | Democratic | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Maryland 3 | Harry Benjamin Wolf | Democratic | 1906 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain. |
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Maryland 4 | John Gill Jr. | Democratic | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Maryland 5 | Sydney Emanuel Mudd I | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Maryland 6 | George A. Pearre | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Massachusetts 1 | George P. Lawrence | Republican | 1897 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 2 | Frederick H. Gillett | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 3 | Charles G. Washburn | Republican | 1906 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 4 | Charles Q. Tirrell | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 5 | Butler Ames | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 6 | Augustus Peabody Gardner | Republican | 1902 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 7 | Ernest W. Roberts | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 8 | Samuel W. McCall | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 9 | John A. Keliher | Democratic | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 10 | Joseph F. O'Connell | Democratic | 1906 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 11 | Andrew James Peters | Democratic | 1906 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 12 | John W. Weeks | Republican | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 13 | William S. Greene | Republican | 1898 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 14 | William C. Lovering | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Michigan
editMinnesota
editMississippi
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Mississippi 1 | Ezekiel S. Candler Jr. | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Mississippi 2 | Thomas Spight | Democratic | 1898 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Mississippi 3 | Benjamin G. Humphreys II | Democratic | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Mississippi 4 | Wilson S. Hill | Democratic | 1902 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
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Mississippi 5 | Adam M. Byrd | Democratic | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Mississippi 6 | Eaton J. Bowers | Democratic | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Mississippi 7 | Frank A. McLain | Democratic | 1898 (special) | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
Mississippi 8 | John S. Williams | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
Missouri
editMontana
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Montana at-large | Charles N. Pray | Republican | 1906 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Nebraska
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Nebraska 1 | Ernest M. Pollard | Republican | 1905 (special) | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
Nebraska 2 | Gilbert Hitchcock | Democratic | 1906 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Nebraska 3 | John F. Boyd | Republican | 1906 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
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Nebraska 4 | Edmund H. Hinshaw | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Nebraska 5 | George W. Norris | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Nebraska 6 | Moses Kinkaid | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Nevada
editNew Hampshire
editNew Jersey
editNew Mexico Territory
editSee Non-voting delegates, below.
New York
editNorth Carolina
editNorth Dakota
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
North Dakota at-large 2 seats on a general ticket |
Thomas F. Marshall | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
Asle Gronna | Republican | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Ohio
editOklahoma
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Oklahoma 1 | Bird S. McGuire | Republican | 1907 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Oklahoma 2 | Elmer L. Fulton | Democratic | 1907 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain. |
|
Oklahoma 3 | James S. Davenport | Democratic | 1907 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain. |
|
Oklahoma 4 | Charles D. Carter | Democratic | 1907 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Oklahoma 5 | Scott Ferris | Democratic | 1907 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Oregon
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Oregon 1 | Willis C. Hawley | Republican | 1906 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Oregon 2 | William R. Ellis | Republican | 1906 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Pennsylvania
editRhode Island
editSouth Carolina
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
South Carolina 1 | George Swinton Legaré | Democratic | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
South Carolina 2 | James O'H. Patterson | Democratic | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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South Carolina 3 | Wyatt Aiken | Democratic | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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South Carolina 4 | Joseph T. Johnson | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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South Carolina 5 | David E. Finley | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
South Carolina 6 | J. Edwin Ellerbe | Democratic | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
South Carolina 7 | Asbury F. Lever | Democratic | 1901 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
South Dakota
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
South Dakota at-large (2 seats elected on a general ticket) |
Philo Hall | Republican | 1906 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
Vacant (incumbent died June 26, 1908) | New member elected. Republican hold. |
Tennessee
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Tennessee 1 | Walter P. Brownlow | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 2 | Nathan W. Hale | Republican | 1904 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
Tennessee 3 | John A. Moon | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 4 | Cordell Hull | Democratic | 1906 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 5 | William C. Houston | Democratic | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 6 | John W. Gaines | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
Tennessee 7 | Lemuel P. Padgett | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 8 | Thetus W. Sims | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 9 | Finis J. Garrett | Democratic | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 10 | George Gordon | Democratic | 1906 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Texas
editUtah
editVermont
editVirginia
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Virginia 1 | |||||
Virginia 2 | |||||
Virginia 3 | |||||
Virginia 4 | |||||
Virginia 5 | |||||
Virginia 6 | Carter Glass | Democratic | 1902 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Virginia 7 | |||||
Virginia 8 | |||||
Virginia 9 | C. Bascom Slemp | Republican | 1907 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Virginia 10 |
Washington
editWest Virginia
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
West Virginia 1 | William P. Hubbard | Republican | 1906 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
West Virginia 2 | George C. Sturgiss | Republican | 1906 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
West Virginia 3 | Joseph H. Gaines | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
West Virginia 4 | Harry C. Woodyard | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
West Virginia 5 | James A. Hughes | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Wisconsin
editWisconsin elected eleven members of congress on Election Day, November 3, 1908.[53][54]
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Wisconsin 1 | Henry Allen Cooper | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Wisconsin 2 | John M. Nelson | Republican | 1906 (special) |
Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Wisconsin 3 | James W. Murphy | Democratic | 1906 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain. |
|
Wisconsin 4 | William J. Cary | Republican | 1906 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Wisconsin 5 | William H. Stafford | Republican | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Wisconsin 6 | Charles H. Weisse | Democratic | 1902 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Wisconsin 7 | John J. Esch | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Wisconsin 8 | James H. Davidson | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Wisconsin 9 | Gustav Küstermann | Republican | 1906 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Wisconsin 10 | Elmer A. Morse | Republican | 1906 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Wisconsin 11 | John J. Jenkins | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent lost re-nomination. New member elected. Republican hold. |
|
Wyoming
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Wyoming at-large | Frank W. Mondell | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Non-voting delegates
editDistrict | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Delegate | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Alaska Territory at-large | Thomas Cale | Independent | 1906 | Incumbent retired. New delegate elected August 11, 1908. Republican gain. |
|
Arizona Territory at-large | |||||
New Mexico Territory at-large | William Henry Andrews | Republican | 1904 | Incumbent re-elected November 3, 1908. |
|
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ Regulars only, not including specials
- ^ One Independent Republican, Peter Porter from the 34th district of New York.
- ^ a b c Elections held early
- ^ Changed from at-large.
- ^ This was the last year that Oregon held its congressional elections early.
References
edit- ^ a b "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved May 18, 2015.
- ^ a b Martis, pp. 162–163.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - IL - District 25 Special Election Race - Feb 15, 1908".
- ^ "Our Campaigns - AL - District 02 - Special Election Race - Nov 03, 1908".
- ^ "Our Campaigns - IN - District 13 Special Election Race - Nov 03, 1908".
- ^ "Our Campaigns - LA - District 01 - Special Election Race - Nov 03, 1908".
- ^ "Our Campaigns - ME District 2 - Special Election Race - Nov 03, 1908".
- ^ "Our Campaigns - ME District 4 - Special Election Race - Nov 03, 1908".
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NY District 3 - Special Election Race - Nov 03, 1908".
- ^ "ID At Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 4 April 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - KA District 05 Race - Nov 03, 1908". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2021-04-20.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - KA District 06 Race - Nov 03, 1908". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2021-04-20.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - KA District 7 Race - Nov 03, 1908". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2021-04-20.
- ^ "MS - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 16 March 2021.
- ^ "MT At-Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 01 Race - Nov 3, 1908". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 02 Race - Nov 3, 1908". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 03 Race - Nov 3, 1908". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 04 Race - Nov 3, 1908". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 05 Race - Nov 3, 1908". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 06 Race - Nov 3, 1908". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
- ^ "ND At Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
- ^ "OK District 01 Race - Nov 03, 1908". Our Campaigns. April 25, 2008. Retrieved February 20, 2022.
- ^ "OK District 02 Race - Nov 03, 1908". Our Campaigns. April 25, 2008. Retrieved February 20, 2022.
- ^ "OK District 03 Race - Nov 03, 1908". Our Campaigns. April 25, 2008. Retrieved February 20, 2022.
- ^ "OK District 04 Race - Nov 03, 1908". Our Campaigns. April 26, 2008. Retrieved February 20, 2022.
- ^ "OK District 05 Race - Nov 03, 1908". Our Campaigns. April 28, 2008. Retrieved February 20, 2022.
- ^ "OR - District 01 Race - Jun 01, 1908". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
- ^ "OR - District 02 Race - Jun 01, 1908". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
- ^ "SD At Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 09". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 10". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 4 March 2021.
- ^ "WV District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
- ^ "WV District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
- ^ "WV District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
- ^ "WV District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
- ^ "WV District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
- ^ "Wisconsin U.S. House Election Results" (PDF). Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 5, 2012. Retrieved March 8, 2022 – via Wayback Machine.
- ^ Beck, J. D., ed. (1909). "Biographical Sketches". The Blue Book of the State of Wisconsin 1909 (Report). Wisconsin Bureau of Labor and Industrial Statistics. pp. 1084–1087. Retrieved June 9, 2024.
- ^ "WY At-Large". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 12 April 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - AK Territorial Delegate Race - Aug 11, 1908".
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NM Territorial Delegate Race - Nov 03, 1908". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
Bibliography
edit- Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). 1788 United States Congressional Elections-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
- Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
- "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
- Secretary of State (1909). Maryland Manual 1908. Baltimore: Wm. J. C. Dulany Co. Retrieved 23 June 2020.
External links
edit- Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)