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The 84th "Givati" Brigade (Hebrew: חֲטִיבַת גִּבְעָתִי, lit. '"Hill Brigade" or "Highland Brigade"') is an Israel Defense Forces infantry brigade formed in 1947.
| 84th "Givati" Brigade | |
|---|---|
| חֲטִיבַת גִּבְעָתִי | |
 Brigade patch | |
| Active | 1947–1948, 1982–present |
| Country |  Israel |
| Branch |  Israel Defense Forces |
| Type | Infantry |
| Part of | 162nd Armor Division, Israeli Southern Command |
| Motto(s) | "With me to Givati", "Any Place, Any Time, Any Mission", "The most combatant, Givati" |
| Colors | Purple berets, purple and white flag |
| March | "Mi She-Halam Givati" ("Those who dreamt Givati") |
| Mascot(s) | Fox |
| Engagements | |
| Commanders | |
| Current commander | Colonel Liron Betiteo |
| Notable commanders | Effi Eitam, Imad Fares, Amos Yarkoni, Ofer Winter |
| Insignia | |
| Flag |  |
During the 1948 war, it was involved in capturing Palestinian villages in operations Hametz, Barak, and Pleshet.
Before Israel's 2005 withdrawal from Gaza, the Brigade was stationed within the Gaza Strip.
Givati soldiers are designated by purple berets. The Brigade's symbol is the fox, alluding to Shualei Shimshon (שועלי שמשון, lit. "Samson's Foxes"), a unit in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.
Units
84th Infantry Brigade "Givati"
- 424th Infantry Battalion "Shaked/Almond"
- 432nd Infantry Battalion "Tzabar/Cactus"
- 435th Infantry Battalion "Rotem/Broom"
- incl. Infantry Company "Tomer/Date" – first observant Ultra-Orthodox–only unit in the IDF
- (846th) Patrol Battalion "Shualey shimshon/Samson's Foxes"
- 8170th Combat Engineer Battalion "Gadhan" (Reserve)
- Logistics Battalion "Givati"
- Signals Company "Maor/myrrh"
History
Givati was formed in December 1947 and placed under the command of Shimon Avidan. At the start of the 1948 Palestine war, the brigade was charged with operations in the central region of Israel, participating in operations Hametz, Barak and Pleshet. During Operation Barak, the brigade perpetrated a massacre in the village of Abu Shusha, killing around 60 residents.[1][2] As the war entered its second stage, Givati became the 5th Brigade, was moved to the south, and concentrated mainly around Gedera, Gan Yavne and Be'er Tuvia. One battalion fought on the Jerusalem front, participating in Operation Nachshon and the Battles of Latrun.
When Israel declared independence, Givati consisted of 5 battalions, with notable commanders such as Jehuda Wallach (51st Battalion), Ya'akov Pri (52nd Battalion), Yitzhak Pundak (53rd Battalion), Tzvi Tzur (54th Battalion) and Eitan Livni (55th Battalion). A sixth battalion (the 57th) was founded on May 30, 1948 from Irgun veterans, in preparation for Operation Pleshet. The brigade or parts thereof subsequently participated in the Battle of Nitzanim, Operation An-Far, Operation Yoav, etc. It was converted into a reserve brigade in 1956 and its 51st "HaBokim HaRishonim" infantry battalion transferred to the Golani Brigade.
1980s
Givati was reestablished as a mechanized infantry brigade and then proceeded on to amphibious warfare in 1983. At the time it was intended that the Brigade serve as marines, but this has not been effected. In 1986 the brigade's purple beret was officially approved.[3] Since 1999 it serves under Israel's Southern Command.
2002–2003
The Givati Brigade served under the Southern Command and was deployed in the Gaza Strip. The brigade was awarded a medal of honor for its service in the Gaza Strip during the last two years of the Al-Aqsa Intifada, when under the command of Imad Fares. Under Fares' command, Givati carried out thousands of operations in the Gaza Strip.
2004
The brigade continued its operations in the Gaza Strip under the command of Eyal Eisenberg and the new head of Southern Command, Dan Harel. Givati's Recon Battalion, the Dolev combat engineering platoon and the Bedouin scouts battalion, won a recommendation of honor, mainly for their activities against Rafah's tunnels. Givati forces, combined with a special combat engineering tunnels unit, and IDF Caterpillar D9 armoured bulldozers, managed to suppress most of Rafah's tunnels.
On May 11 and May 12, 2004, two armored personnel carriers of Givati's Dolev engineering battalion were destroyed by Palestinian militants. The two separate skirmishes, in Gaza City's Zeitoun neighbourhood and the Philadelphi Route near Rafah and the Egyptian border, claimed the lives of 11 soldiers. Islamic Jihad militants captured some of the remains, causing outrage in Israel.[4] Following international pressure and further Israeli operations in Zeitoun, the bodies of soldiers were returned to Israel.
In the Zeitoun incident, UNRWA ambulances were used as transport by healthy Palestinian militants.[5][original research?] In an interview with Haaretz, Israel's Defense Minister Shaul Mofaz also said that UNRWA's ambulances were used by Palestinian militants in order to bring some of the remains of IDF soldiers killed in Zaitoun neighbourhood in Gaza on May 11, 2004.[6] UNRWA has described the May 11 incident as a hijacking.[citation needed]
After two more soldiers were killed in Rafah, Israel launched Operation Rainbow. This involved Givati forces reinforced by Golani Brigade soldiers with IDF Achzarit HAPCs, a battalion of officers from the class-commanders school and several IDF Caterpillar D9 armoured bulldozers. The stated aim of Operation Rainbow was to destroy the terror infrastructure of Rafah, destroy smuggling tunnels and stop illegal missile shipment.
The brigade's Shaked battalion, under the command of a Lt. Col. "Ofer" (surname not publicized) was rocked by scandals in the second half of 2004 while stationed in the southern Gaza Strip. Two of the battalion's four company commanders were removed, although one was later exonerated. Captain "R", a Druze officer was tried for killing Iman al-Hams, a 13-year-old Palestinian girl, in Rafah in October 2004.[7] Captain "R" was acquitted of all charges by a military court.[8] Another officer, Captain "N", was removed after Palestinian gunmen infiltrated the Morag settlement and killed three soldiers[9] in September 2004.
2005
On September 12, the Givati Brigade left the Gaza Strip as part of Israel's unilateral disengagement plan, one month after the forceful removal of approximately 8,000 Jewish settlers living in 22 communities in the Strip. It marked an end to the 38 year IDF presence in the Gaza Strip. Today, two battalions are stationed outside the Strip, while the third battalion is positioned on the northern border.
2006
On June 27, in response to Hamas' kidnapping of Corporal Gilad Shalit, the IDF started an offensive in the Gaza Strip to repel the continuous rockets being fired into the Israeli town outside of Gaza and to pressure Hamas to release Shalit. Givati, together with the Golani Brigade, Engineering Corps and the Armored Corps, participated in Operation "Summer Rains."[10][11] However, Israel failed to achieve the release of Shalit, and a November 26 ceasefire agreement between Israel and the Palestinian groups forced Israel to withdraw its forces.
Captain "R", the former Misayat Shaked company commander who was accused in "confirming kill" of 13-year-old Iman al-Hams in Rafah in October 2004, and was acquitted in court, received NIS 80,000 in compensation from the state, according to a December 14 Ha'aretz report.[8]
Givati was the first brigade to receive the new IMI Tavor TAR-21 assault rifle, in August 2006.
2007
As of 2007, the Givati brigade is organized into three main battalions: Shaked, Tzabar, and Rotem, in addition to associated reconnaissance, engineering, and other units.
2008
The Givati Brigade participated in Operation Hot Winter. It also participated in the ground phase of Operation Cast Lead, when of all IDF brigades, it penetrated deepest into Gaza City. The brigade's reconnaissance battalion entered the Tel el-Hawa neighborhood in search of Hamas operatives two days before the cease fire went into effect. An estimated 40 Palestinian operatives were killed as dozens of apartments were swept. Hamas reportedly decided to fire the commander of the Gaza City Brigade after its forces fought against Givati.[12]
2012
In November 2012, the Givati Brigade participated in Operation Pillar of Defense.
2014
In the summer of 2014, the Givati Brigade participated in the Israeli offensive Operation Protective Edge. During a 72-hour ceasefire, elements of the brigade's reconnaissance company engaged in a brief skirmish with Hamas militants in the southern Gazan city of Rafah, near the border with Egypt. Three soldiers, including the commander, Benaya Sarel, of the Givati Reconnaissance Company (Sayeret Givati), were killed in the ensuing firefight subsequently dubbed "Black Friday."[13] Lieutenant Hadar Goldin was captured by Hamas militants and taken into a tunnel, and the assistant company commander took a small group of soldiers with him into the tunnel in an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to rescue Goldin.[14][15]
After learning of Goldin's capture, the IDF initiated the Hannibal Directive and carried out a relentless air and ground attack on residential areas of Rafah.[16][17] In the summer of 2015, a United Nations independent commission inquiry, as well as a joint report by Amnesty International and Forensic Architecture, found that Israel's indiscriminate violence against all human life on Black Friday amounted to war crimes.[16][18][19][20] The reports detail the massive Israeli bombardment that killed between 135 and 200 Palestinian civilians, including 75 children.[17][21][18]
The IDF Rabbinate later declared the Goldin deceased for the purposes of Jewish burial and grieving rituals and buried the remains.[22] The assistant company commander was later awarded Israel's highest military honor, and the soldiers that accompanied him into the tunnel were also awarded military commendations. The Givati Brigade was the most highly decorated brigade in the IDF in 2014.[23]
2015
In January 2015, a convoy belonging to the Tsabar Battalion of the Givati Brigade was attacked by Hezbollah in Shebaa Farms.
2022
In November 2022, the Givati Brigade was involved in "a series of incidents" of alleged abuses towards civilians in Jerusalem and the West Bank. Within the space of a few weeks, Givati Brigade soldiers were accused of spitting at an Armenian Christian archbishop leading a pilgrimage (two soldiers were detained by police), beating Israeli human rights activists in Hebron (two soldiers were suspended), and assaulting a Palestinian man (three soldiers were suspended).[24] While IDF Chief of Staff Aviv Kohavi contended that "Incidents such as these tarnish the unit in which the soldier serves, the IDF and the State of Israel," Israeli MK and national security minister-designate Itamar Ben-Gvir urged the IDF to "think twice" about whether to punish the soldiers, questioning whether they had been "provoked" and contending that disciplining them "weakens the hands of the soldiers and does not strengthen them in the fight against terrorism".[25][26]
2023
See also
References
- ^ "Abu Shusha - The Massacre". Birzeit University. Archived from the original on 2003-12-05.
- ^ Ghanim, Honaida (2011). "The Nakba". In Rouhana, N. N.; Sabbagh-Khoury, A. (eds.). The Palestinians in Israel: Readings in History, Politics and Society (PDF). p. 23.
In the village of Abu Shusha in the District of Ramla a unit of the Givati Brigade committed a massacre in which 60 villagers were murdered.
[permanent dead link] - ^ Aviram, Itu (1999). With Me to Givaati (in Hebrew). Israel Ministry of Defense. p. 134. ISBN 965-05-1007-9.
חלפו עוד שנתיים, עד פברואר 1986, עד שהכומתה אושרה סופית ומפקדי החטיבה וחייליה יכלו לחבוש אותה בגאווה.
- ^ "Israeli body hunt sparks clashes". BBC News. 12 May 2004. Retrieved 12 October 2010.
- ^ "Reuters-UNAmblulance-110504". Canadian Coalition. Archived from the original on February 3, 2007.
- ^ "Haaretz daily - Info & News Magazine 2020 -". Haaretz daily - Info & News Magazine 2020. Archived from the original on March 21, 2009.
- ^ "Israeli Soldier Indicted in Girl's Death". NBC News. Associated Press. 2010. Retrieved 12 October 2010.
- ^ a b Harel, Amos (22 March 2006). "IDF officer Cleared in Death of Gaza Girl to Receive Compensation From State". Haaretz. Retrieved 12 October 2010.
- ^ "Maj. Gen. Moshe Kaplinski appointed Deputy Chief of Staff". www1.idf.il. Archived from the original on December 4, 2004.
- ^ "IDF Launches Gaza Offensive". ynetnews. 28 June 2006. Retrieved 12 October 2010.
- ^ Weiss, Efrat (3 August 2006). "Extensive Operation in Strip: 8 Palestinians Killed". ynetnews. Retrieved 12 October 2010.
- ^ 'A necessary operation', The Jerusalem Post, August 4, 2009
- ^ "Commemoration". GOV.IL.
- ^ "Hadar Goldin and 'Hannibal Directive': Israel's Nightmare Dilemma to Stop Soldier Becoming Hamas Pawn". International Business Times UK. 2014-08-01. Retrieved 2022-01-16.
- ^ "Israel 'committed war crimes' in Gaza, Amnesty says". The Independent. 2015-07-29. Retrieved 2022-01-16.
- ^ a b "Gaza: 'Israeli war crimes' followed soldier's capture - Amnesty". BBC News. 2015-07-29. Retrieved 2022-01-16.
- ^ a b "Gaza 'Black Friday': Cutting edge investigation points to Israeli war crimes in Rafah". Amnesty International. 2015-07-29. Retrieved 2022-01-16.
- ^ a b "'Black Friday' Report: Carnage in Rafah during 2014 Israel/Gaza conflict". blackfriday.amnesty.org. Retrieved 2022-01-16.
- ^ "OHCHR | UN Gaza Inquiry finds credible allegations of war crimes committed in 2014 by both Israel and Palestinian groups". www.ohchr.org. Retrieved 2022-01-16.
- ^ "OHCHR | CoIGazaConflict Report of the Independent Commission of Inquiry on the 2014 Gaza Conflict". www.ohchr.org. Retrieved 2022-01-16.
- ^ "'Black Friday' Summary: Carnage in Rafah during 2014 Israel/Gaza conflict". blackfriday.amnesty.org. Retrieved 2022-01-16.
- ^ Images, Getty (3 August 2014). "Thousands Attend Funeral of Fallen IDF Soldier Hadar Goldin". The Forward. Retrieved 2022-01-16.
- ^ Zitun, Yoav (2015-02-03). "IDF's Givati Brigade most highly decorated unit". Ynetnews. Retrieved 2022-01-16.
- ^ "Givati soldiers accused of spitting at Armenian archbishop in Jerusalem procession". Times of Israel. 2022-11-28. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
- ^ "Likely police minister Ben Gvir suggests activists provoked Hebron troops' assault". Times of Israel. 2022-11-26. Retrieved 2022-11-30.
- ^ "Ben-Gvir: Chief of Staff should 'think twice' about punishing Givati soldier". Jerusalem Post. 2022-11-29. Retrieved 2022-11-30.