Taupō (spelt as Taupo until 2008) is a New Zealand parliamentary electorate returning one Member of Parliament to the House of Representatives. Taupo first existed between 1963 and 1981, and was recreated for the introduction of MMP in 1996. The current MP for Taupō is Louise Upston of the National Party. She has held this position since 2008.
Taupō | |
---|---|
Single-member constituency for the New Zealand House of Representatives | |
Location of Taupōwithin Waikato | |
Region | Waikato |
Major settlements | Cambridge, Taupō, Tokoroa |
Area | 8,255.39 km2 (3,187.42 sq mi) |
Current constituency | |
Current MP | Louise Upston |
Party | National |
Electorate profile
editThe Taupō electorate is based on the central North Island communities around Lake Taupō and the South Waikato District, including Tūrangi, Taupō, Tokoroa, and Cambridge.[1]
In 2013, one quarter (24.9%) of people in the Taupō electorate belonged to the Māori ethnic group – the sixth-highest share in New Zealand. The proportions of those working in the electricity, gas, water and waste services industry (1.3%), the accommodation, cafe, and restaurant industry (7.5%), and in arts and recreation services (2.4%), were well above the national average.[1]
History
editThe Taupo electorate was first created for the 1963 election and it existed until 1981. The former electorate was much smaller than the current one, since it did not contain the western side of Lake Taupo, nor Cambridge, nor the Ruapehu towns. It was a marginal seat and frequently changed between National and Labour.
The current Taupō electorate was created ahead of the introduction to mixed-member proportional (MMP) voting in 1996. It is a merger of the old marginal seat of Tongariro with the western half of the safe National seat of Waikaremoana. Prior to the 2008 election, the electorate pulled south to take in the northern and western parts of Ruapehu District.
In the 2007 redistribution conducted after the 2006 census, the northern and western parts of Ruapehu District containing Taumarunui, Raetihi and Ohakune were assigned to Rangitīkei. At the same time, low population growth in the south-central North Island coupled with high population growth in and around Auckland has meant the conservative area of Cambridge moved out of the now defunct Piako electorate and into Taupō.[2] No boundary adjustments were undertaken in the subsequent 2013/14 redistribution.[3] In the 2020 redistribution, an area around Putāruru and Tīrau, and a smaller area just north of Cambridge were ceded to Waikato.[4]
Taupō has twice returned Mark Burton with a majority of around a thousand – in 1996, when Labour's post-1990 fortunes were at their lowest and New Zealand First went on to take a large bite out of their vote; and again in 2005, when National consolidated the centre-right vote, and at the same time won 2,000 more party votes than Burton's Labour party. At the intermediate two MMP elections, Burton was safely returned, thanks in part to a heavy disenchantment with the National Party among its formerly loyal voters. In the political climate in 2008, with the dominance of the National Party in Cambridge, which contributed over ten thousand new voters to the seat, Louise Upston won the seat with a majority of over 6,000.[5][6] In the 2011 election, Upston more than doubled her majority to 14,115 votes.[7] Her majority increased to 15,046 votes in the 2014 election.[8]
Members of Parliament
editUnless otherwise stated, all MPs' terms began and ended at general elections.
Election | Winner | |
---|---|---|
1963 election | Rona Stevenson | |
1966 election | ||
1969 election | ||
1972 election | Jack Ridley | |
1975 election | Ray La Varis | |
1978 election | Jack Ridley | |
1981 election | Roger McClay | |
(Electorate abolished 1984–1996; see Tongariro and Waikaremoana) | ||
1996 election | Mark Burton | |
1999 election | ||
2002 election | ||
2005 election | ||
2008 election | Louise Upston | |
2011 election | ||
2014 election | ||
2017 election | ||
2020 election | ||
2023 election |
As of 2023 no candidates that have contested the Taupō electorate have been returned as list MPs.
Election results
editThis article needs to be updated.(March 2024) |
2020 election
edit2020 general election: Taupō[9] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
National | 21,102 | 48.90 | −13.98 | 14,452 | 32.75 | −21.19 | |||
Labour | Ala' Al-Bustanji | 15,983 | 37.04 | +10.79 | 19,978 | 45.27 | +16.29 | ||
Green | Danna Glendining | 2,018 | 4.68 | −3.29 | 1,677 | 3.80 | +0.36 | ||
ACT | David Freeman | 1,848 | 4.28 | – | 4,340 | 9.83 | +9.35 | ||
Outdoors | Michael Downard | 645 | 1.49 | −0.59 | 123 | 0.28 | +0.11 | ||
New Conservative | Jan-Marie Quinn | 608 | 1.41 | — | 681 | 1.54 | +1.27 | ||
Advance NZ | Antoinette James | 531 | 1.23 | — | 476 | 1.08 | — | ||
ONE | Gary Coffin | 415 | 0.96 | — | 184 | 0.42 | — | ||
NZ First | 1,227 | 2.78 | −6.24 | ||||||
Opportunities | 592 | 1.34 | −0.94 | ||||||
ONE | 184 | 0.42 | – | ||||||
Legalise Cannabis | 165 | 0.37 | +0.07 | ||||||
Māori Party | 195 | 0.43 | −0.28 | ||||||
Outdoors | 123 | 0.28 | +0.11 | ||||||
Sustainable NZ | 23 | 0.05 | — | ||||||
Vision NZ | 23 | 0.05 | — | ||||||
Social Credit | 14 | 0.03 | ±0.00 | ||||||
TEA | 9 | 0.02 | — | ||||||
Heartland | 3 | 0.01 | — | ||||||
Informal votes | 928 | 275 | |||||||
Total valid votes | 44,078 | 44,406 | |||||||
Turnout | 45,510 | 84.07 | |||||||
National hold | Majority | 5,119 | 11.61 |
2017 election
edit2017 general election: Taupo[10] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
National | 24,611 | 61.84 | -0.75 | 21,744 | 53.7 | -3.24 | |||
Labour | Ala Al-Bustanji | 10,276 | 25.82 | +5.18 | 11,683 | 28.9 | +10.33 | ||
Green | Julie Sandilands | 3,118 | 7.83 | +2.44 | 1,388 | 3.43 | -2.69 | ||
Outdoors | Alan Frank Simmons | 814 | 2.05 | — | 68 | 0.17 | — | ||
Conservative | Denis Shuker | 321 | 0.81 | -1.67 | 111 | 0.27 | -4.48 | ||
NZ First | 3,634 | 8.98 | -1.28 | ||||||
Opportunities | 918 | 2.27 | — | ||||||
Māori Party | 262 | 0.65 | -0.17 | ||||||
ACT | 194 | 0.48 | 0.23 | ||||||
Legalise Cannabis | 120 | 0.3 | -0.11 | ||||||
Ban 1080 | 108 | 0.27 | -0.34 | ||||||
People's Party | 33 | 0.08 | — | ||||||
Mana | 15 | 0.04 | -0.48[a] | ||||||
Democrats | 13 | 0.03 | -0.05 | ||||||
United Future | 12 | 0.03 | -0.23 | ||||||
Internet | 6 | 0.01 | -0.51[b] | ||||||
Informal votes | 658 | 151 | |||||||
Total valid votes | 39,798 | 40,460 | |||||||
National hold | Majority | 14,335 | 36.02 | -2.35 |
2014 election
edit2014 general election: Taupō[11] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
National | 22,428 | 62.59 | −1.06 | 20,703 | 56.94 | +0.63 | |||
Labour | Jamie Strange | 7,402 | 20.64 | −0.09 | 6,752 | 18.57 | −1.71 | ||
NZ First | Edwin Perry | 2,310 | 6.44 | +1.85 | 3,730 | 10.26 | +1.87 | ||
Green | Dave Robinson | 1,934 | 5.39 | −0.86 | 2,224 | 6.12 | −1.43 | ||
Conservative | Lance Gedge | 891 | 2.48 | −0.26 | 1,236 | 4.75 | +1.09 | ||
Māori Party | Claire Winitana | 366 | 1.02 | +1.02 | 298 | 0.82 | +0.15 | ||
United Future | Alan Simmons | 143 | 0.40 | −0.26 | 94 | 0.26 | −0.66 | ||
Democrats | John Pemberton | 71 | 0.20 | +0.20 | 29 | 0.08 | +0.02 | ||
Ban 1080 | 223 | 0.61 | +0.61 | ||||||
Internet Mana | 190 | 0.52 | +0.11 | ||||||
Legalise Cannabis | 148 | 0.41 | −0.06 | ||||||
ACT | 91 | 0.25 | −0.91 | ||||||
Civilian | 13 | 0.03 | +0.03 | ||||||
Independent Coalition | 10 | 0.03 | +0.03 | ||||||
Focus | 7 | 0.02 | +0.02 | ||||||
Informal votes | 299 | 121 | |||||||
Total valid votes | 35,384 | 36,362 | |||||||
National hold | Majority | 13,951 | 38.37 | −4.55 |
2011 election
edit2011 general election: Taupō[7] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
National | 20,934 | 63.65 | +5.74 | 19,003 | 56.31 | +2.74 | |||
Labour | Frances Campbell | 6,819 | 20.73 | -18.71 | 6,844 | 20.28 | -8.92 | ||
Green | Zane McCarthy | 2,056 | 6.25 | +6.25 | 2,549 | 7.55 | +3.05 | ||
NZ First | Edwin Perry | 1,508 | 4.59 | +4.59 | 2,833 | 8.39 | +3.25 | ||
Conservative | Mark Breetvelt | 900 | 2.74 | +2.74 | 1,236 | 3.66 | +3.66 | ||
Mana | Keriana Reedy | 266 | 0.81 | +0.81 | 140 | 0.41 | +0.41 | ||
United Future | Alan Simmons | 216 | 0.66 | -0.42 | 311 | 0.92 | +0.12 | ||
ACT | Rosanne Jollands | 190 | 0.58 | +0.58 | 394 | 1.17 | -2.34 | ||
Māori Party | 226 | 0.67 | -0.25 | ||||||
Legalise Cannabis | 157 | 0.47 | +0.13 | ||||||
Libertarianz | 22 | 0.07 | +0.03 | ||||||
Democrats | 20 | 0.06 | -0.01 | ||||||
Alliance | 12 | 0.04 | -0.02 | ||||||
Informal votes | 721 | 239 | |||||||
Total valid votes | 32,889 | 33,747 | |||||||
National hold | Majority | 14,115 | 42.92 | +24.45 |
Electorate (as at 26 November 2011): 45,800[12]
2008 election
edit2008 general election: Taupō[6] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
National | Louise Upston | 20,211 | 57.91 | +16.84 | 19,001 | 53.57 | +9.32 | ||
Labour | 13,766 | 39.44 | -6.06 | 10,359 | 29.20 | -8.10 | |||
United Future | Max Edwards | 377 | 1.08 | -0.98 | 284 | 0.80 | -1.81 | ||
Independent | Robbie Mac | 313 | 0.90 | ||||||
Independent | Martin Bloxham | 236 | 0.68 | ||||||
NZ First | 1,824 | 5.14 | -2.61 | ||||||
Green | 1,599 | 4.51 | +0.80 | ||||||
ACT | 1,245 | 3.51 | +2.29 | ||||||
Māori Party | 325 | 0.92 | -0.23 | ||||||
Progressive | 236 | 0.67 | -0.30 | ||||||
Bill and Ben | 199 | 0.56 | |||||||
Kiwi | 133 | 0.37 | |||||||
Legalise Cannabis | 119 | 0.34 | +0.06 | ||||||
Family Party | 61 | 0.17 | |||||||
Democrats | 23 | 0.06 | +0.01 | ||||||
Pacific | 22 | 0.06 | |||||||
Alliance | 20 | 0.06 | +0.01 | ||||||
Libertarianz | 13 | 0.04 | |||||||
Workers Party | 6 | 0.02 | |||||||
RONZ | 3 | 0.01 | |||||||
RAM | 0 | 0.00 | |||||||
Informal votes | 424 | 201 | |||||||
Total valid votes | 34,903 | 35,472 | |||||||
Turnout | 35,937 | 80.15 | -0.09 | ||||||
National gain from Labour | Majority | 6,445 | 18.47 | +22.90 |
2005 election
edit2005 general election: Taupo[13] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
Labour | 13,211 | 45.50 | -10.12 | 10,977 | 37.30 | -2.30 | |||
National | Weston Kirton | 11,926 | 41.07 | +12.15 | 13,020 | 44.25 | +22.34 | ||
NZ First | Kristin Campbell Smith | 1,337 | 4.60 | 2,281 | 7.75 | -5.59 | |||
Green | John Davis | 751 | 2.59 | -2.50 | 1,093 | 3.71 | -1.68 | ||
United Future | Paul Check | 598 | 2.06 | -1.20 | 769 | 2.61 | -2.99 | ||
Māori Party | Billy Maea | 501 | 1.73 | 338 | 1.15 | ||||
ACT | Andrew Jollands | 275 | 0.75 | -3.23 | 358 | 1.22 | -5.03 | ||
Destiny | Charles Te Kowhai | 260 | 0.90 | 142 | 0.48 | ||||
Progressive | David Reeks | 167 | 0.58 | -0.40 | 285 | 0.97 | -0.58 | ||
RONZ | Debra Potroz | 11 | 0.04 | 2 | 0.01 | ||||
Legalise Cannabis | 82 | 0.28 | -0.22 | ||||||
Christian Heritage | 24 | 0.08 | |||||||
Alliance | 15 | 0.05 | -5.49 | ||||||
Democrats | 15 | 0.05 | |||||||
Libertarianz | 12 | 0.04 | |||||||
Family Rights | 5 | 0.02 | |||||||
Direct Democracy | 4 | 0.01 | |||||||
99 MP | 2 | 0.01 | |||||||
One NZ | 2 | 0.01 | -0.04 | ||||||
Informal votes | 207 | 95 | |||||||
Total valid votes | 29,037 | 29,426 | |||||||
Turnout | 29,722 | 80.24 | +4.48 | ||||||
Labour hold | Majority | 1,285 | 4.43 | -22.27 |
2002 election
edit2002 general election: Taupo[14] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
Labour | 14,851 | 55.62 | +6.20 | 10,775 | 39.60 | +0.74 | |||
National | Weston Kirton | 7,723 | 28.92 | -7.61 | 5,961 | 21.91 | -11.67 | ||
Green | Nicholas Fisher | 1,359 | 5.09 | +1.50 | 1,467 | 5.39 | +0.37 | ||
ACT | Diane Mulcock | 1,062 | 3.98 | +0.82 | 1,700 | 6.25 | -0.81 | ||
United Future | Denis Gilmore | 871 | 3.26 | 1,523 | 5.60 | +3.99a | |||
Christian Heritage | Donald Wishart | 360 | 1.35 | -0.74 | 292 | 1.07 | -0.80 | ||
Progressive | Victor Bradley | 261 | 0.98 | 426 | 1.55 | ||||
Alliance | John Harré | 214 | 0.80 | -1.52 | 193 | 0.73 | -4.81 | ||
NZ First | 3,629 | 13.34 | +8.81 | ||||||
ORNZ | 1,072 | 3.94 | |||||||
Legalise Cannabis | 137 | 0.50 | -0.45 | ||||||
Mana Māori | 19 | 0.07 | +0.01 | ||||||
One NZ | 13 | 0.05 | -0.01 | ||||||
NMP | 1 | 0.00 | -0.03 | ||||||
Informal votes | 371 | 85 | |||||||
Total valid votes | 26,701 | 27,210 | |||||||
Turnout | 27,538 | 75.76 | |||||||
Labour hold | Majority | 7,128 | 26.70 | +13.81 |
- a United Future swing is compared to the 1999 results of United NZ and Future NZ, who merged in 2000.
1999 election
edit1999 general election: Taupo[15][16] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
Labour | 13,721 | 49.42 | 10,876 | 38.86 | |||||
National | David Steele | 10,143 | 36.53 | 9,399 | 33.58 | ||||
Green | Nick Fisher | 997 | 3.59 | 1,405 | 5.02 | ||||
ACT | Richard Steele | 877 | 3.16 | 1,976 | 7.06 | ||||
NZ First | Ross Honeyfield | 718 | 2.59 | 1,269 | 4.53 | ||||
Alliance | Wayne Morris | 644 | 2.32 | 1,550 | 5.54 | ||||
Christian Heritage | John van der Zee | 580 | 2.09 | 524 | 1.87 | ||||
Mauri Pacific | Rovina Anderson | 51 | 0.18 | 20 | 0.71 | ||||
Mana Wahine | Makere Rangitoheriri | 34 | 0.12 | ||||||
Future NZ | 341 | 1.22 | |||||||
Legalise Cannabis | 265 | 0.95 | |||||||
Libertarianz | 111 | 0.40 | |||||||
United NZ | 110 | 0.39 | |||||||
McGillicuddy Serious | 41 | 0.15 | |||||||
Animals First | 36 | 0.13 | |||||||
One NZ | 17 | 0.06 | |||||||
Mana Māori | 16 | 0.06 | |||||||
Natural Law | 8 | 0.03 | |||||||
NMP | 8 | 0.03 | |||||||
Freedom Movement | 6 | 0.02 | |||||||
People's Choice | 5 | 0.02 | |||||||
Republican | 3 | 0.01 | |||||||
South Island | 0 | 0.00 | |||||||
Informal votes | 514 | 293 | |||||||
Total valid votes | 27,765 | 27,986 | |||||||
Labour hold | Majority | 3,578 | 12.89 |
1981 election
editParty | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
National | Roger McClay | 6,883 | 38.44 | ||
Labour | Jack Ridley | 6,847 | 38.24 | −3.87 | |
Social Credit | Jim Elder | 4,175 | 23.31 | +6.76 | |
Majority | 36 | 0.20 | |||
Turnout | 17,905 | 86.32 | +19.62 | ||
Registered electors | 20,742 |
- Result as declared by the High Court after an electoral petition.
1978 election
editParty | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Jack Ridley | 7,119 | 42.11 | +2.22 | |
National | Lesley A. Miller | 6,510 | 38.51 | ||
Social Credit | Jim Elder | 2,798 | 16.55 | ||
Values | Warwick Keys | 477 | 2.82 | ||
Majority | 609 | 3.60 | |||
Turnout | 16,904 | 66.70 | −13.86 | ||
Registered electors | 25,341 |
1975 election
editParty | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
National | Ray La Varis | 8,821 | 48.82 | ||
Labour | Jack Ridley | 7,207 | 39.89 | −9.72 | |
Social Credit | Dorothy Gould | 1,177 | 6.51 | ||
Values | John Grant | 862 | 4.77 | ||
Majority | 1,614 | 8.93 | |||
Turnout | 18,067 | 80.56 | −7.52 | ||
Registered electors | 22,425 |
1972 election
editParty | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Jack Ridley | 7,484 | 49.61 | ||
National | James Frederick Higgins | 6,701 | 44.42 | ||
Social Credit | Robert Smith | 711 | 4.71 | ||
New Democratic | N D Fairweather | 111 | 0.73 | ||
Liberal Reform | P M Fenton | 76 | 0.50 | ||
Majority | 783 | 5.19 | |||
Turnout | 15,083 | 88.08 | +0.39 | ||
Registered electors | 17,123 |
1969 election
editParty | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
National | Rona Stevenson | 7,148 | 46.16 | +1.14 | |
Labour | Arthur John Ingram | 7,041 | 45.46 | ||
Social Credit | H M New | 1,296 | 8.36 | ||
Majority | 107 | 0.69 | −1.06 | ||
Turnout | 15,485 | 87.69 | +0.42 | ||
Registered electors | 17,658 |
1966 election
editParty | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
National | Rona Stevenson | 6,608 | 45.02 | +3.16 | |
Labour | Barry Gustafson | 6,350 | 43.26 | ||
Social Credit | J C Dunn | 1,719 | 11.71 | ||
Majority | 258 | 1.75 | −0.17 | ||
Turnout | 14,677 | 87.27 | −2.17 | ||
Registered electors | 16,817 |
In 1966 National, afraid the seat would go to Labour, poured thousands of dollars into the local campaign. A hundred women from all over Waikato canvassed every house in Tokoroa and Putāruru over two days, using the street lists and blue dot system. The seat was held by 258 votes.[18]
1963 election
editParty | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
National | Rona Stevenson | 5,995 | 41.86 | ||
Labour | Arthur John Ingram | 5,720 | 39.94 | ||
Social Credit | C R Watson | 1,093 | 7.63 | ||
Majority | 275 | 1.92 | |||
Turnout | 12,808 | 89.44 | |||
Registered electors | 14,319 |
Notes
editReferences
edit- ^ a b "Rimutaka electorate profile". Parliamentary Library. June 2015. Retrieved 13 January 2017.
This article incorporates text by the Parliamentary Library available under the CC BY 3.0 license.
- ^ Report of the Representation Commission 2007 (PDF). Representation Commission. 14 September 2007. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-477-10414-2. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
- ^ Report of the Representation Commission 2014 (PDF). Representation Commission. 4 April 2014. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-477-10414-2. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
- ^ "Report of the Representation Commission 2020" (PDF). 17 April 2020.
- ^ "MP keen to get cracking". Waikato Times. 10 November 2008. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
- ^ a b "Official Count Results – Taupō". Chief Electoral Office. 22 November 2008. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
- ^ a b "Official Count Results – Taupō". Electoral Commission. 10 December 2011. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
- ^ "Official Count Results – Taupō". Electoral Commission. 10 October 2014. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
- ^ New Zealand Electoral Commission. "Taupō - Official Result". Electoral Commission. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
- ^ "Official Count Results -- Taupo". Wellington: New Zealand Electoral Commission. Retrieved 23 December 2017.
- ^ "Official Count Results – Taupō". Electoral Commission. 10 December 2014. Retrieved 4 December 2016.
- ^ "Enrolment statistics". Electoral Commission. 26 November 2011. Retrieved 27 November 2011.
- ^ "Official Count Results – Taupo". Electionresults.org.nz. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
- ^ "Official Count Results – Taupo". Electionresults.govt.nz. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
- ^ "Official Count Results (1999) – Electoral Votes for registered parties by electorate". NZ Electoral Commission. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
- ^ "Official Count Results (1999) – Candidate Vote Details". NZ Electoral Commission. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g Norton 1988, p. 358.
- ^ Gustafson, Barry (1986). The First 50 Years: A History of the New Zealand National Party. Auckland: Reed Methuen. pp. 91, 280. ISBN 0-474-00177-6.
- Norton, Clifford (1988). New Zealand Parliamentary Election Results 1946–1987: Occasional Publications No 1, Department of Political Science. Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington. ISBN 0-475-11200-8.
External links
edit- Electorate Profile Parliamentary Library