United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois
The United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (in case citations, N.D. Ill.) is the federal trial court with jurisdiction over the northern counties of Illinois. It is one of the busiest federal trial courts in the United States, with famous cases including those of Al Capone and the Chicago Eight.[1]
United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois | |
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(N.D. Ill.) | |
Map indicating the changing Districts of Illinois | |
Location | Everett McKinley Dirksen U.S. Courthouse (Chicago) |
Appeals to | Seventh Circuit |
Established | February 13, 1855 |
Judges | 23 |
Chief Judge | Virginia Mary Kendall |
Officers of the court | |
U.S. Attorney | Morris Pasqual (acting) |
U.S. Marshal | LaDon A. Reynolds |
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Appeals from the Northern District of Illinois are taken to the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit (except for patent claims and claims against the U.S. government under the Tucker Act, which are appealed to the Federal Circuit).
The acting United States attorney for the district, representing the United States in litigation in the court, is Morris Pasqual since March 12, 2023.[2]
Organization
editThe court's jurisdiction is split into an eastern division, including Cook, DuPage, McHenry, Grundy, Kane, Kendall, LaSalle, Lake, and Will counties, with its sessions held in Chicago and Wheaton; and a western division, including Boone, Carroll, DeKalb, Jo Daviess, Lee, Ogle, Stephenson, Whiteside, and Winnebago counties, with its sessions held in Freeport and Rockford.
History
editThe United States District Court for the District of Illinois was established by a statute passed by the United States Congress on March 3, 1819, 3 Stat. 502.[3][4] The act established a single office for a judge to preside over the court. Initially, the court was not within any existing judicial circuit, and appeals from the court were taken directly to the United States Supreme Court. In 1837, Congress created the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit, placing it in Chicago, Illinois and giving it jurisdiction over the District of Illinois, 5 Stat. 176.[4]
The Northern District itself was created by a statute passed on February 13, 1855, 10 Stat. 606, which subdivided the District of Illinois into the Northern and the Southern Districts.[4] The boundaries of the District and the seats of the courts were set forth in the statute:
The counties of Hancock, McDonough, Peoria, Woodford, Livingston, and Iroquois, and all the counties in the said State north of them, shall compose one district, to be called the northern district of Illinois, and courts shall be held for the said district at the city of Chicago; and the residue of the counties of the said State shall compose another district, to be called the southern district of Illinois, and courts shall be held for the same at the city of Springfield.
The district has since been re-organized several times. The United States District Court for the Eastern District of Illinois was created on March 3, 1905, by 33 Stat. 992,[4] by splitting counties out of the Northern and Southern Districts. It was later eliminated in a reorganization on October 2, 1978, which replaced it with a Central District, 92 Stat. 883,[4] formed primarily from parts of the Southern District, and returning some counties to the Northern District.
The Northern District of Illinois, which contains the entire Chicago metropolitan area, accounts for 1,531 of the 1,828 public corruption convictions in the state between 1976 and 2012, almost 84%, also making it the federal district with the most public corruption convictions in the nation between 1976 and 2012.[5]
Current judges
editAs of August 2, 2024[update]:
# | Title | Judge | Duty station | Born | Term of service | Appointed by | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active | Chief | Senior | ||||||
80 | Chief Judge | Virginia Mary Kendall | Chicago | 1962 | 2006–present | 2024–present | — | G.W. Bush |
82 | District Judge | Robert Michael Dow Jr. | Chicago | 1965 | 2007–present | — | — | G.W. Bush |
84 | District Judge | Sharon Johnson Coleman | Chicago | 1960 | 2010–present | — | — | Obama |
85 | District Judge | Edmond E. Chang | Chicago | 1970 | 2010–present | — | — | Obama |
87 | District Judge | John Tharp | Chicago | 1960 | 2012–present | — | — | Obama |
89 | District Judge | Sara L. Ellis | Chicago | 1969 | 2013–present | — | — | Obama |
90 | District Judge | Andrea Wood | Chicago | 1973 | 2013–present | — | — | Obama |
91 | District Judge | Manish S. Shah | Chicago | 1972 | 2014–present | — | — | Obama |
92 | District Judge | Jorge L. Alonso | Chicago | 1966 | 2014–present | — | — | Obama |
93 | District Judge | John Robert Blakey | Chicago | 1965 | 2014–present | — | — | Obama |
94 | District Judge | Martha M. Pacold | Chicago | 1979 | 2019–present | — | — | Trump |
95 | District Judge | Mary M. Rowland | Chicago | 1961 | 2019–present | — | — | Trump |
96 | District Judge | Steven C. Seeger | Chicago | 1971 | 2019–present | — | — | Trump |
97 | District Judge | John F. Kness | Chicago | 1969 | 2020–present | — | — | Trump |
98 | District Judge | Franklin U. Valderrama | Chicago | 1962 | 2020–present | — | — | Trump |
99 | District Judge | Iain D. Johnston | Rockford | 1965 | 2020–present | — | — | Trump |
101 | District Judge | Lindsay C. Jenkins | Chicago | 1977 | 2023–present | — | — | Biden |
102 | District Judge | LaShonda A. Hunt | Chicago | 1970 | 2023–present | — | — | Biden |
103 | District Judge | Jeremy C. Daniel | Chicago | 1978 | 2023–present | — | — | Biden |
104 | District Judge | Jeffrey Cummings | Chicago | 1962 | 2023–present | — | — | Biden |
105 | District Judge | Sunil Harjani | Chicago | 1974 | 2024–present | — | — | Biden |
106 | District Judge | Georgia N. Alexakis | Chicago | 1978 | 2024–present | — | — | Biden |
107 | District Judge | vacant | — | — | — | — | — | — |
45 | Senior Judge | Marvin Aspen | Chicago | 1934 | 1979–2002 | 1995–2002 | 2002–present | Carter |
47 | Senior Judge | Charles P. Kocoras | Chicago | 1938 | 1980–2006 | 2002–2006 | 2006–present | Carter |
53 | Senior Judge | Charles Ronald Norgle Sr. | inactive | 1937 | 1984–2022 | — | 2022–present | Reagan |
60 | Senior Judge | Suzanne B. Conlon | inactive | 1939 | 1988–2004 | — | 2004–present | Reagan |
61 | Senior Judge | George M. Marovich | inactive | 1931 | 1988–2000 | — | 2000–present | Reagan |
64 | Senior Judge | Philip Godfrey Reinhard | Rockford | 1941 | 1992–2007 | — | 2007–present | G.H.W. Bush |
68 | Senior Judge | Robert Gettleman | Chicago | 1943 | 1994–2009 | — | 2009–present | Clinton |
69 | Senior Judge | Elaine E. Bucklo | Chicago | 1944 | 1994–2009 | — | 2009–present | Clinton |
70 | Senior Judge | Joan B. Gottschall | Chicago | 1947 | 1996–2012 | — | 2012–present | Clinton |
71 | Senior Judge | Rebecca R. Pallmeyer | Chicago | 1954 | 1998–2024 | 2019–2024 | 2024–present | Clinton |
73 | Senior Judge | Matthew Kennelly | Chicago | 1956 | 1999–2021 | — | 2021–present | Clinton |
74 | Senior Judge | Ronald A. Guzman | Chicago | 1948 | 1999–2014 | — | 2014–present | Clinton |
75 | Senior Judge | Joan Lefkow | Chicago | 1944 | 2000–2012 | — | 2012–present | Clinton |
81 | Senior Judge | Frederick J. Kapala | inactive | 1950 | 2007–2019 | — | 2019–present | G.W. Bush |
88 | Senior Judge | Thomas M. Durkin | Chicago | 1953 | 2012–2023 | — | 2023–present | Obama |
Vacancies and pending nominations
editSeat | Prior judge's duty station | Seat last held by | Vacancy reason | Date of vacancy | Nominee | Date of nomination |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5 | Chicago | Nancy L. Maldonado | Elevation | July 11, 2024 | April Perry | July 11, 2024 |
Former judges
edit# | Judge | State | Born–died | Active service | Chief Judge | Senior status | Appointed by | Reason for termination |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Thomas Drummond | IL | 1809–1890 | 1855–1869[Note 1] | — | — | Taylor/Operation of law | elevation |
2 | Henry Williams Blodgett | IL | 1821–1905 | 1870–1892 | — | — | Grant | retirement |
3 | Peter S. Grosscup | IL | 1852–1921 | 1892–1899 | — | — | B. Harrison | elevation |
4 | Christian Cecil Kohlsaat | IL | 1844–1918 | 1899–1905 | — | — | McKinley | elevation |
5 | Solomon Hicks Bethea | IL | 1852–1909 | 1905–1909 | — | — | T. Roosevelt | death |
6 | Kenesaw Mountain Landis | IL | 1866–1944 | 1905–1922 | — | — | T. Roosevelt | resignation |
7 | George Albert Carpenter | IL | 1867–1944 | 1910–1933 | — | — | Taft | resignation |
8 | James Herbert Wilkerson | IL | 1869–1948 | 1922–1940 | — | 1940–1948 | Harding | death |
9 | Adam C. Cliffe | IL | 1869–1928 | 1922–1928 | — | — | Harding | death |
10 | Charles Edgar Woodward | IL | 1876–1942 | 1929–1942 | — | — | Coolidge | death |
11 | John P. Barnes | IL | 1881–1959 | 1931–1957 | 1948–1957 | 1957–1958 | Hoover | resignation |
12 | George E. Q. Johnson | IL | 1874–1949 | 1932–1933[Note 2] | — | — | Hoover | not confirmed |
13 | William Harrison Holly | IL | 1869–1958 | 1933–1943[Note 3] | — | 1943–1958 | F. Roosevelt | death |
14 | Philip Leo Sullivan | IL | 1889–1960 | 1933–1960[Note 3] | 1957–1959 | — | F. Roosevelt | death |
15 | Michael L. Igoe | IL | 1885–1967 | 1938–1965[Note 4] | — | 1965–1967 | F. Roosevelt | death |
16 | William Joseph Campbell | IL | 1905–1988 | 1940–1970 | 1959–1970 | 1970–1988 | F. Roosevelt | death |
17 | Walter J. LaBuy | IL | 1888–1967 | 1944–1961 | — | 1961–1967 | F. Roosevelt | death |
18 | Elwyn Riley Shaw | IL | 1888–1950 | 1944–1950 | — | — | F. Roosevelt | death |
19 | Joseph Sam Perry | IL | 1896–1984 | 1951–1971 | — | 1971–1984 | Truman | death |
20 | Julius Hoffman | IL | 1895–1983 | 1953–1972 | — | 1972–1983 | Eisenhower | death |
21 | Winfred George Knoch | IL | 1895–1983 | 1953–1958 | — | — | Eisenhower | elevation |
22 | Julius Howard Miner | IL | 1896–1963 | 1958–1963 | — | — | Eisenhower | death |
23 | Edwin Albert Robson | IL | 1905–1986 | 1958–1975[Note 5] | 1970–1975 | 1975–1986 | Eisenhower | death |
24 | Richard Bevan Austin | IL | 1901–1977 | 1961–1975 | — | 1975–1977 | Kennedy | death |
25 | James Benton Parsons | IL | 1911–1993 | 1961–1981 | 1975–1981 | 1981–1993 | Kennedy | death |
26 | Hubert Louis Will | IL | 1914–1995 | 1961–1979 | — | 1979–1995 | Kennedy | death |
27 | Bernard Martin Decker | IL | 1904–1993 | 1962–1980[Note 6] | — | 1980–1993 | Kennedy | death |
28 | Abraham Lincoln Marovitz | IL | 1905–2001 | 1963–1975 | — | 1975–2001 | Kennedy | death |
29 | William Joseph Lynch | IL | 1908–1976 | 1966–1976 | — | — | L. Johnson | death |
30 | Alexander J. Napoli | IL | 1905–1972 | 1966–1972 | — | — | L. Johnson | death |
31 | Frank James McGarr | IL | 1921–2012 | 1970–1986 | 1981–1986 | 1986–1988 | Nixon | retirement |
32 | Thomas Roberts McMillen | IL | 1916–2002 | 1971–1984 | — | 1984–1985 | Nixon | retirement |
33 | William J. Bauer | IL | 1926–present | 1971–1975 | — | — | Nixon | elevation |
34 | Richard Wellington McLaren | IL | 1918–1976 | 1972–1976 | — | — | Nixon | death |
35 | Philip Willis Tone | IL | 1923–2001 | 1972–1974 | — | — | Nixon | elevation |
36 | Prentice Marshall | IL | 1926–2004 | 1973–1988 | — | 1988–1996 | Nixon | retirement |
37 | Joel Flaum | IL | 1936–present | 1974–1983 | — | — | Ford | elevation |
38 | Alfred Younges Kirkland Sr. | IL | 1917–2004 | 1974–1979 | — | 1979–2004 | Ford | death |
39 | John F. Grady | IL | 1929–2019 | 1975–1994 | 1986–1990 | 1994–2019 | Ford | death |
40 | George N. Leighton | IL | 1912–2018 | 1976–1986 | — | 1986–1987 | Ford | retirement |
41 | John Powers Crowley | IL | 1936–1989 | 1976–1981 | — | — | Ford | resignation |
42 | Stanley Julian Roszkowski | IL | 1923–2014 | 1977–1991 | — | 1991–1998 | Carter | retirement |
43 | Nicholas John Bua | IL | 1925–2002 | 1977–1991 | — | — | Carter | retirement |
44 | James Byron Moran | IL | 1930–2009 | 1979–1995 | 1990–1995 | 1995–2009 | Carter | death |
46 | Milton Shadur | IL | 1924–2018 | 1980–1992 | — | 1992–2018 | Carter | death |
48 | Susan Christine O'Meara Getzendanner | IL | 1939–present | 1980–1987 | — | — | Carter | resignation |
49 | John Albert Nordberg | IL | 1926–2021 | 1982–1994 | — | 1994–2021 | Reagan | death |
50 | William Thomas Hart | IL | 1929–2023 | 1982–1996 | — | 1996–2023 | Reagan | death |
51 | Paul Edward Plunkett | IL | 1935–2018 | 1982–1998 | — | 1998–2018 | Reagan | death |
52 | Ilana Rovner | IL | 1938–present | 1984–1992 | — | — | Reagan | elevation |
54 | James F. Holderman | IL | 1946–present | 1985–2013 | 2006–2013 | 2013–2015 | Reagan | retirement |
55 | Ann Claire Williams | IL | 1949–present | 1985–1999 | — | — | Reagan | elevation |
56 | Brian Barnett Duff | IL | 1930–2016 | 1985–1996 | — | 1996–2016 | Reagan | death |
57 | Harry Leinenweber | IL | 1937–2024 | 1985–2002 | — | 2002–2024 | Reagan | death |
58 | James Zagel | IL | 1941–2023 | 1987–2016 | — | 2016–2023 | Reagan | death |
59 | James Henry Alesia | IL | 1934–2003 | 1987–1998 | — | 1998–2003 | Reagan | death |
62 | George W. Lindberg | IL | 1932–2019 | 1989–2001 | — | 2001–2019 | G.H.W. Bush | death |
63 | Wayne Andersen | IL | 1945–present | 1991–2010 | — | — | G.H.W. Bush | retirement |
65 | Rubén Castillo | IL | 1954–present | 1994–2019 | 2013–2019 | — | Clinton | retirement |
66 | Blanche M. Manning | IL | 1934–2020 | 1994–2010 | — | 2010–2020 | Clinton | death |
67 | David H. Coar | IL | 1943–present | 1994–2009 | — | 2009–2010 | Clinton | retirement |
72 | William J. Hibbler | IL | 1946–2012 | 1999–2012 | — | — | Clinton | death |
76 | John W. Darrah | IL | 1938–2017 | 2000–2017 | — | 2017 | Clinton | death |
77 | Amy St. Eve | IL | 1965–present | 2002–2018 | — | — | G.W. Bush | elevation |
78 | Samuel Der-Yeghiayan | IL | 1952–present | 2003–2018 | — | — | G.W. Bush | retirement |
79 | Mark Filip | IL | 1966–present | 2004–2008 | — | — | G.W. Bush | resignation |
83 | Gary Feinerman | IL | 1965–present | 2010–2022 | — | — | Obama | resignation |
86 | John Z. Lee | IL | 1968–present | 2012–2022 | — | — | Obama | elevation |
100 | Nancy L. Maldonado | IL | 1975–present | 2022–2024 | — | — | Biden | elevation |
- ^ Reassigned from the District of Illinois.
- ^ Recess appointment; the United States Senate later rejected the appointment.
- ^ a b Recess appointment; formally nominated on January 8, 1934, confirmed by the Senate on February 20, 1934, and received commission on March 1, 1934.
- ^ Recess appointment; formally nominated on January 5, 1939, confirmed by the Senate on February 9, 1939, and received commission on March 4, 1939.
- ^ Recess appointment; formally nominated on January 17, 1959, confirmed by the Senate on April 29, 1959, and received commission on April 30, 1959.
- ^ Recess appointment; formally nominated on January 15, 1963, confirmed by the Senate on March 28, 1963, and received commission on April 2, 1963.
Chief judges
editChief judges have administrative responsibilities with respect to their district court. Unlike the Supreme Court, where one justice is specifically nominated to be chief, the office of chief judge rotates among the district court judges. To be chief, a judge must have been in active service on the court for at least one year, be under the age of 65, and have not previously served as chief judge.
A vacancy is filled by the judge highest in seniority among the group of qualified judges. The chief judge serves for a term of seven years, or until age 70, whichever occurs first. The age restrictions are waived if no members of the court would otherwise be qualified for the position.
When the office was created in 1948, the chief judge was the longest-serving judge who had not elected to retire, on what has since 1958 been known as senior status, or declined to serve as chief judge. After August 6, 1959, judges could not become or remain chief after turning 70 years old. The current rules have been in operation since October 1, 1982.
Succession of seats
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List of U.S. attorneys since 1857
edit- Augustus M. Herrington, 1857–1858[6]
- Henry S. Fitch, 1858–1861
- Edwin C. Larned, 1861
- Joseph O. Glover, 1869
- Mark Bangs, 1875–1879
- Joseph B. Seake, 1879–1884
- Richard S. Tuthill, 1884–1886
- William G. Ewing, 1886–1890
- Thomas E. Milchrist, 1891–1893
- Sherwood Dixon, 1893–1894
- John C. Black, 1895–1899
- Solomon H. Bethea, 1899–1905
- Charles B. Morrison, 1905–1906
- Edwin W. Sims, 1906–1911
- James Herbert Wilkerson, 1911–1914
- Charles F. Clyne, 1914–1922
- Edwin A. Olson, 1922–1927
- George E. Q. Johnson, 1927–1931
- Dwight H. Green, 1931–1935
- Michael L. Igoe, 1935–1938
- William Joseph Campbell, 1938–1940
- J. Albert Woll, 1940–1947
- Otto Kerner Jr., 1947–1954
- Irwin N. Cohen, 1954
- Robert Tieken, 1954–1961
- James P. O'Brien, 1961–1963
- Frank E. McDonald, 1963–1964
- Edward Hanrahan, 1964–1968
- Tom Foran, 1968–1970
- William J. Bauer, 1970–1971
- James R. Thompson, 1971–1975
- Samuel K. Skinner, 1975–1977
- Thomas P. Sullivan, 1977–1981
- Gregory C. Jones, 1981
- Dan K. Webb, 1981–1985
- Anton R. Valukas, 1985–1989
- Ira A. Raphaelson, 1989–1990
- Fred Foreman, 1990–1993
- Michael J. Shepard, 1993
- Jim Burns, 1993–1997
- Scott R. Lassar, 1997–2001[7]
- Patrick Fitzgerald, 2001–2012
- Gary S. Shapiro, 2012–2013
- Zachary T. Fardon, 2013–2017
- Joel R. Levin, 2017
- John R. Lausch Jr., 2017–2023
- Morris Pasqual, 2023–present
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Cahan, Richard (December 18, 2002). A Court That Shaped America: Chicago's Federal District Court from Abe Lincoln to Abbie Hoffman. Northwestern University Press.
- ^ "Northern District of Illinois | Meet the U.S. Attorney". www.justice.gov. March 13, 2023. Retrieved March 16, 2023.
- ^ Asbury Dickens, A Synoptical Index to the Laws and Treaties of the United States of America (1852), p. 393.
- ^ a b c d e U.S. District Courts of Illinois, Legislative history, Federal Judicial Center.
- ^ Simpson, Dick; Nowlan, James; Gradel, Thomas J.; Mouritsen Zmuda, Melissa; Sterrett, David; Cantor, Douglas (February 15, 2012). "Chicago and Illinois, Leading the Pack in Corruption; Anti-Corruption Report Number 5" (PDF). University of Illinois at Chicago Department of Political Science. Retrieved February 15, 2012.
- ^ "The Political Graveyard: U.S. District Attorneys in Illinois". politicalgraveyard.com.
- ^ "ACLU Of Illinois welcomes new board members". February 23, 2009.
External links
edit Media related to United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois at Wikimedia Commons