The 2024 Atlantic hurricane season is the active Atlantic hurricane season in the Northern Hemisphere. The season officially began on June 1, and will end on November 30. These dates, adopted by convention, historically describe the period in each year when most subtropical or tropical cyclogenesis occurs in the Atlantic Ocean. The first system, Tropical Storm Alberto, developed on June 19, making it the latest first named storm since 2014.
2024 Atlantic hurricane season | |
---|---|
Season summary map | |
Seasonal boundaries | |
First system formed | June 19, 2024 |
Last system dissipated | Season ongoing |
Strongest storm | |
Name | Beryl |
• Maximum winds | 130 mph (215 km/h) (1-minute sustained) |
• Lowest pressure | 956 mbar (hPa; 28.23 inHg) |
Seasonal statistics | |
Total depressions | 3 |
Total storms | 3 |
Hurricanes | 1 |
Major hurricanes (Cat. 3+) | 1 |
Total fatalities | 4 total |
Total damage | < $10 million (2024 USD) |
Related articles | |
The season's second system, Hurricane Beryl, formed in the Main Development Region (MDR) on June 29, then rapidly intensified to Category 4 strength, becoming the strongest June hurricane on record in the Atlantic basin.
Seasonal forecasts
Source | Date | Named storms |
Hurricanes | Major hurricanes |
Ref | ||||||
Average (1991–2020) | 14.4 | 7.2 | 3.2 | [1] | |||||||
Record high activity | 30 | 15 | 7† | [2] | |||||||
Record low activity | 1 | 0† | 0† | [2] | |||||||
TSR | December 11, 2023 | 20 | 9 | 4 | [3] | ||||||
CSU | April 4, 2024 | 23 | 11 | 5 | [4] | ||||||
MFM | April 5, 2024 | 21 | 11 | N/A | [5] | ||||||
TSR | April 8, 2024 | 23 | 11 | 5 | [6] | ||||||
UA | April 8, 2024 | 21 | 11 | 5 | [7] | ||||||
MU | April 12, 2024 | 26 | 11 | 5 | [8] | ||||||
NCSU | April 16, 2024 | 15–20 | 10–12 | 3–4 | [9] | ||||||
UPenn | April 24, 2024 | 33 | N/A | N/A | [10] | ||||||
SMN | May 6, 2024 | 20–23 | 9–11 | 4–5 | [11] | ||||||
UKMO* | May 22, 2024 | 22 | 12 | 4 | [12] | ||||||
NOAA | May 23, 2024 | 17–25 | 8–13 | 4–7 | [13] | ||||||
TSR | May 30, 2024 | 24 | 12 | 6 | [14] | ||||||
CSU | June 11, 2024 | 23 | 11 | 5 | [15] | ||||||
UA | June 23, 2024 | 23 | 10 | 5 | [16] | ||||||
Actual activity | 3 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
* June–November only † Most recent of several such occurrences. (See all) |
In advance of, and during, each hurricane season, several forecasts of hurricane activity are issued by national meteorological services, scientific agencies, and noted hurricane experts. These include forecasters from the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s Climate Prediction Center, Tropical Storm Risk (TSR), the United Kingdom's Met Office (UKMO), and Colorado State University (CSU). The forecasts include weekly and monthly changes in significant factors that help determine the number of tropical storms, hurricanes, and major hurricanes within a particular year.[17]
According to NOAA and CSU, the average Atlantic hurricane season between 1991 and 2020 contained roughly 14 tropical storms, 7 hurricanes, 3 major hurricanes, and an accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index of 72–111 units.[1][18] Broadly speaking, ACE is a measure of the power of a tropical or subtropical storm multiplied by the length of time it existed. It is only calculated for full advisories on specific tropical and subtropical systems reaching or exceeding wind speeds of 39 mph (63 km/h). NOAA typically categorizes a season as above-average, average, or below-average based on the cumulative ACE index, but the number of tropical storms, hurricanes, and major hurricanes within a hurricane season is sometimes also considered.[1]
Pre-season forecasts
On December 11, 2023, Tropical Storm Risk (TSR) released its extended range forecast for the 2024 season, predicting an above-average season with 20 named storms, 9 hurricanes and 4 major hurricanes.[nb 1][3] They took into account ongoing warm sea-surface temperatures (SST) throughout most of the basin, specifically in the Main Development Region and in the Caribbean Sea on top of the 2023–2024 El Niño event which was predicted to weaken to a neutral phase by August 2024.[3] TSR updated their forecast on May 30, predicting 24 named storms, 12 hurricanes, and 6 major hurricanes with an ACE of 226 units.[14] On April 4, 2024, Colorado State University (CSU) released its forecast, calling for an extremely active hurricane season, with 23 named storms, 11 hurricanes and 5 major hurricanes, with an ACE index of 210 units, citing the extremely warm Atlantic sea surface temperatures and the development of a La Niña by the summer.[4] On April 5, Météo-France (MFM) issued a prediction of 21 named storms and 11 hurricanes. They cited warm sea surface temperatures, wind patterns, and humidity.[5] On April 8, TSR updated their prediction, predicting 23 tropical storms, 11 hurricanes, and 5 major hurricanes, with an accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index of 217 units. They predicted that moderate La Niña conditions would occur in the summer and persist into fall and above average sea surface temperatures would also persist into summer.[6] On the same day, the University of Arizona (UA) posted their forecast calling for a very active season featuring 21 named storms, 11 hurricanes, 5 major hurricanes, and an ACE index of 156 units.[7] On April 12, University of Missouri (MU) issued their prediction of 26 named storms, 11 hurricanes, and 5 major hurricanes.[8] On April 16, NCSU issued their prediction of 15–20 named storms, 10–12 hurricanes, and 3–4 major hurricanes.[9] On April 24, the University of Pennsylvania (UPenn) issued their prediction of a record-breaking season, predicting an unprecedented 33 (±6) named storms. They cited expected moderate La Niña conditions and record-warm sea surface temperatures in the tropical Atlantic tied to large-scale warming.[10] On May 6, the Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (SMN) issued their forecast of 20–23 tropical storms, 9–11 hurricanes, and 4–5 major hurricanes.[11] On May 22, UKMO published their forecast for the 2024 season, calling for 22 named storms, 12 hurricanes, and 4 major hurricanes, and a ACE index of 212 units.[12] One day later, NOAA published their hurricane season prediction, forecasting an above-average season of 17–25 named storms, 8–13 hurricanes, and 4–7 major hurricanes with an 85% chance of being an above-average season.[13]
Seasonal summary
Background
Officially, the 2024 Atlantic hurricane season began on June 1, and will end on November 30.[20] So far, three tropical cyclones have formed, all became named storms. One of the three systems strengthened into a hurricane, and further attained major hurricane intensity.
This season's ACE index, as of 09:00 UTC July 1, is approximately 7.9 units.[21] This number represents sum of the squares of the maximum sustained wind speed (knots) for all named storms while they are at least tropical storm intensity, divided by 10,000. Therefore, tropical depressions are not included.
Early activity
Though the 2024 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, it got off to the slowest start since 2014. This was due to a large stationary heat dome over Central America and Mexico, as tropical cyclogenesis in June often occurs over the Gulf of Mexico and northern Caribbean Sea.[22] The season's first named storm, Tropical Storm Alberto, formed in the western Gulf of Mexico on June 19,[nb 2][24] then proceeded to make landfall on the northeastern coast of Mexico the following day.[25] Next came Hurricane Beryl, the earliest-forming Category 4 Atlantic hurricane on record in a season and the strongest June hurricane on record in the basin. After forming on June 28, 2024, in the Main Development Region to the west of Cabo Verde, the storm moved through the central tropical Atlantic while rapidly intensifying, while approaching the Windward Islands.[26][27][28]
Systems
Tropical Storm Alberto
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | June 19 – June 20 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 50 mph (85 km/h) (1-min); 993 mbar (hPa) |
On June 12, the NHC noted that an area of disturbed weather could form over the western Gulf of Mexico and possibly develop into a tropical cyclone.[29] Several days later, early on June 17, a low-pressure area formed over the Bay of Campeche.[30] The low was spawned from a disturbance within the Central American Gyre.[31] Though its thunderstorm activity was scattered, the invest began to grow better organized later that day and was designated Potential Tropical Cyclone One.[32] The system slowly organized over the following two days as it approached the Mexican coast,[33] developing into Tropical Storm Alberto on June 19.[24] Alberto steadily intensified throughout the day, ultimately attaining peak sustained winds of 50 mph (85 km/h), and a minimum central pressure of 993 mbar (29.32 inHg).[34] Early the following morning, the system made landfall near Tampico, Tamaulipas.[25] Alberto rapidly weakened over land,[35] dissipating just nine hours later.[36]
Heavy rainfall from Alberto resulted in four deaths, all in Nuevo León: one in Monterrey due to La Silla River flooding, one in El Carmen, and two in Allende (the latter three were indirect electrocution deaths).[37][38] Alberto brought significant rainfall to the Galveston area, leading to freshwater flooding. Its winds caused a 2–4 feet (0.6–1 m) storm surge, inundating coastal communities between Galveston and Freeport.[39][40] Additionally, an EF1 tornado touched down near Bellville, causing some property damage along its 2 mi (3.2 km) long path,[41] and two EF0 tornadoes occurred near Rockport.[42][43] To the east, coastal communities in Louisiana, especially Grand Isle, also received some flooding.[44] The preliminary estimate is that Alberto caused less than US$10 million in damage overall.[45]
Hurricane Beryl
Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | June 28 – Present |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 130 mph (215 km/h) (1-min); 956 mbar (hPa) |
On June 25, the NHC began monitoring a tropical wave producing disorganized showers and thunderstorms just south of Cabo Verde.[46] The following day, the wave began showing signs of organization, with modest thunderstorm activity, curved bands, and some spin development.[47] The disturbance further organized, becoming Tropical Depression Two over the central tropical Atlantic on June 28.[48] The system was in an unusually favorable environment for the time of year with warm sea surface temperatures (SST) and minimal wind shear, and consequently began a period of rapid intensification. The depression strengthened into Tropical Storm Beryl six hours after formation,[49] reaching Category 1 strength the next day,[27] and Category 2 strength late that night.[50] Beryl attained major hurricane strength early the next morning[51] and further intensified to Category 4 strength a few hours later.[52]
On June 29, the prime minister of Saint Lucia ordered a national shutdown in anticipation of Beryl's impacts on the island nation.[53] Caribbean Airlines postponed several flights between Barbados, Grenada, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and Trinidad and Tobago the next day.[54] A Caribbean Community meeting in Grenada, scheduled to run from July 3 to July 5, was cancelled.[55]
Tropical Storm Chris
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | June 30 – July 1 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 40 mph (65 km/h) (1-min); 1005 mbar (hPa) |
On June 24, the NHC began monitoring a tropical wave east-southeast of the Windward Islands producing disorganized showers and thunderstorms.[56] The disturbance moved generally westward across the Caribbean for several days,[57] before traversing the Yucatán Peninsula and emerging in the Bay of Campeche early on June 30.[58] There, an area of low pressure formed, which quickly became better organized. Tropical Depression Three formed later that day,[59] and strengthened into Tropical Storm Chris six hours later.[60] Shortly thereafter, Chris made landfall near Lechuguillas, Veracruz.[61]
Storm names
The following list of names is being used for named storms that form in the North Atlantic in 2024.[62] This is the same list used in the 2018 season, with the exceptions of Francine and Milton, which replaced Florence and Michael, respectively.[63]
|
|
Season effects
This is a table of all of the storms that have formed in the 2024 Atlantic hurricane season. It includes their name, duration, peak classification and intensities, areas affected, damage, and death totals. Deaths in parentheses are additional and indirect (an example of an indirect death would be a traffic accident), but were still related to that storm. Damage and deaths include totals while the storm was extratropical, a wave, or a low, and all of the damage figures are in 2024 USD.
Saffir–Simpson scale | ||||||
TD | TS | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 |
Storm name |
Dates active | Storm category at peak intensity |
Max 1-min wind mph (km/h) |
Min. press. (mbar) |
Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Ref(s) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alberto | June 19–20 | Tropical storm | 50 (85) | 993 | Yucatán Peninsula, Northeastern Mexico, Texas, Louisiana | <$10 million | 1 (3) | [45] | ||
Beryl | June 28 – Present | Category 4 hurricane | 130 (215) | 956 | Lesser Antilles | Unknown | None | |||
Chris | June 30 – Present | Tropical storm | 40 (65) | 1005 | Yucatán Peninsula, Eastern Mexico | Unknown | None | |||
Season aggregates | ||||||||||
3 systems | June 19 – Season ongoing | 130 (215) | 956 | <$10 million | 1 (3) |
See also
- Weather of 2024
- Tropical cyclones in 2024
- 2024 Pacific hurricane season
- 2024 Pacific typhoon season
- 2024 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
- South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: 2023–24, 2024–25
- Australian region cyclone seasons: 2023–24, 2024–25
- South Pacific cyclone seasons: 2023–24, 2024–25
Notes
- ^ Hurricanes reaching Category 3 and higher—1-minute sustained winds higher than 110 miles per hour (178 km/h)—on the Saffir–Simpson scale are described as major hurricanes.[19]
- ^ The average formation date of the first named Atlantic tropical storm is June 20.[23]
References
- ^ a b c "Background Information: North Atlantic Hurricane Season". College Park, Maryland: Climate Prediction Center. April 9, 2021. Archived from the original on July 24, 2020. Retrieved December 6, 2022.
- ^ a b "North Atlantic Ocean Historical Tropical Cyclone Statistics". Fort Collins, Colorado: Colorado State University. Archived from the original on June 4, 2023. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
- ^ a b c Wood, Nick (December 11, 2023). "Extended Range Forecast for North Atlantic Hurricane Activity in 2024" (PDF). Tropical Storm Risk. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 11, 2023. Retrieved December 11, 2023.
- ^ a b Klotzbach, Phil (April 4, 2024). "Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and Landfall Strike Probability for 2024" (PDF). Colorado State University. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 4, 2024. Retrieved April 4, 2024.
- ^ a b "Bulletin technique des prévisions d'activité cyclonique de la saison 2024". Météo-France (in French). April 4, 2024. Archived from the original on April 18, 2024. Retrieved June 17, 2024.
- ^ a b Lea, Adam (April 8, 2024). "Extended Range Forecast for North Atlantic Hurricane Activity in 2024" (PDF). Tropical Storm Risk. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 8, 2024. Retrieved April 8, 2024.
- ^ a b Davis, Kyle; Zeng, Xubin (April 8, 2024). "Forecast of the 2024 Hurricane Activities over the North Atlantic". Tucson, Arizona: University of Arizona. Archived from the original on April 8, 2024. Retrieved April 8, 2024.
- ^ a b Weaver, Sarah; Schwent, Thomas; Sadeghi, Atabak; Renken, Joe; Lupo, Tony. "Atlantic Ocean Basin Tropical Forecast 2024" (PDF). University of Missouri. Archived (PDF) from the original on April 25, 2024. Retrieved April 25, 2024.
- ^ a b Xie, Lian; Peake, Tracey (April 16, 2024). "NC State Researchers Predict Active Hurricane Season". Raleigh, North Carolina: NC State News. Archived from the original on April 17, 2024. Retrieved April 16, 2024.
- ^ a b Magubane, Nathi (April 24, 2024). "2024 Tropical Cyclone Prediction". Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania. Archived from the original on April 24, 2024. Retrieved April 24, 2024.
- ^ a b "Temporada de Ciclones Tropicales 2024". Mexico City, Mexico: Gobierno de Mexico. May 6, 2024. Archived from the original on May 7, 2024. Retrieved May 7, 2024.
- ^ a b "North Atlantic tropical storm seasonal forecast 2024". The United Kingdom Met Office. May 22, 2024. Archived from the original on May 22, 2024. Retrieved May 22, 2024.
- ^ a b "NOAA predicts above-normal 2024 Atlantic hurricane season". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. May 23, 2024. Retrieved May 23, 2024.
- ^ a b Lea, Adam (May 30, 2024). "Pre-Season Forecast Update for North Atlantic Hurricane Activity in 2024" (PDF). Tropical Storm Risk. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 30, 2024. Retrieved May 30, 2024.
- ^ Klotzbach, Phil (June 11, 2024). "Extended Range Forecast of Atlantic Seasonal Hurricane Activity and Landfall Strike Probability for 2024" (PDF). Colorado State University. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 11, 2024. Retrieved June 11, 2024.
- ^ Davis, Kyle; Zeng, Xubin (June 23, 2024). "Forecast of the 2024 Hurricane Activities over the North Atlantic". Tucson, Arizona: University of Arizona. Retrieved June 23, 2024.
- ^ Klotzbach, Philip; Blake, Eric; Camp, Joanne; Caron, Louis-Philippe; Chan, Johnny C.L.; Kang, Nam-Young; Kuleshov, Yuri; Lee, Sai-Ming; Murakami, Hiroyuki; Saunders, Mark; Takaya, Yuhei; Vitart, Frederic; Zhan, Ruifen (September 2019). "Seasonal Tropical Cyclone Forecasting". Tropical Cyclone Research and Review. 8 (3): 134–149. doi:10.1016/j.tcrr.2019.10.003.
- ^ Masters, Jeff (April 4, 2024). "Forecasters predict an extremely active 2024 Atlantic hurricane season". Yale Climate Connections. Archived from the original on June 1, 2024. Retrieved June 1, 2024.
- ^ "Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale". Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Archived from the original on June 20, 2020. Retrieved November 29, 2023.
- ^ "Frequently Asked Questions". Miami, Florida: Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. June 1, 2023. Retrieved June 20, 2024.
- ^ "Real-Time Tropical Cyclone North Atlantic Ocean Statistics". Fort Collins, Colorado: Colorado State University. Retrieved July 1, 2024.
- ^ Sistek, Scott (June 5, 2024). "Atlantic hurricane season off to slowest start in a decade: Will aggressive forecasts still hold?". FOX Weather. Retrieved June 6, 2024.
- ^ "Tropical Storm Alberto: First named storm of 2024 season forms in Gulf of Mexico". Atlanta, Georgia: WSB-TV. June 19, 2024. Retrieved June 20, 2024.
- ^ a b Berg, Robbie (June 19, 2024). Tropical Storm Alberto Discussion Number 8 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 19, 2024.
- ^ a b Kelly, Larry (June 20, 2024). Tropical Storm Alberto Intermediate Advisory Number 11A (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 20, 2024.
- ^ Roeloffs, Mary Whitfill (June 30, 2024). "Hurricane Beryl Rapidly Intensifies Into Category 4: Here's The Latest Forecast". Forbes. Archived from the original on June 30, 2024. Retrieved June 30, 2024.
- ^ a b Coto, Dánica (June 29, 2024). "Beryl strengthens into a hurricane in the Atlantic, forecast to become a major storm". apnews.com. Associated Press. Archived from the original on June 29, 2024. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
- ^ Henson, Bob; Masters, Jeff (June 28, 2024). "Windward Islands brace for potential major hurricane hit on Monday". New Haven, Connecticut: Yale Climate Connections. Retrieved June 30, 2024.
- ^ Kelly, Larry (June 12, 2024). Atlantic 7-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 17, 2024.
- ^ Beven, Jack (June 17, 2024). Atlantic 7-Day Graphical Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 17, 2024.
- ^ Masters, Jeff; Henson, Bob (June 17, 2024). "Gulf of Mexico disturbance likely to develop into 2024's first tropical depression". New Haven, Connecticut: Yale Climate Connections. Retrieved June 22, 2024.
- ^ Beven, Jack (June 17, 2024). Potential Tropical Cyclone One Discussion Number 1 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 17, 2024.
- ^ Pasch, Richard (June 19, 2024). Tropical Storm Alberto Discussion Number 7 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 19, 2024.
- ^ Lisa, Bucci (June 19, 2024). Tropical Storm Alberto Public Number 10 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 19, 2024.
- ^ Kelly, Larry (June 20, 2024). Tropical Depression Alberto Discussion Number 12 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 20, 2024.
- ^ Kelly, Larry (June 20, 2024). Remnants Of Alberto Discussion Number 13 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 20, 2024.
- ^ Perales, Marcela (June 20, 2024). ""Alberto" ha dejado 4 fallecidos, evacuaciones y desbordamientos en zona metropolitana de Nuevo León". El Universal (in Spanish). Retrieved June 20, 2024.
- ^ "Alberto Weakens to Tropical Depression Over Northern Mexico, 4 Dead". www.usnews.com. Retrieved June 21, 2024.
- ^ Henson, Bob; Masters, Jeff (June 19, 2024). "Tropical Storm Alberto batters northeastern Mexico and Texas". New Haven, Connecticut: Yale Climate Connections. Retrieved June 23, 2024.
- ^ Hamilton, Brandon; Natario, Nick (June 19, 2024). "Galveston, Surfside Beach among coastal communities hit with high winds, rain, and flooding". ABC 13.
- ^ Brown, Caroline (June 21, 2024). "EF-1 tornado confirmed west of Houston amid Tropical Storm Alberto". Houston, Texas: KPRC-TV. Retrieved June 28, 2024.
- ^ Wilson, Wes; Herrera, Lidia (June 20, 2024). "National Hurricane Center confirms Rockport-Fulton tornado, couple's home shows the aftermath". Corpus Christi, Texas: KIII. Retrieved June 28, 2024.
- ^ akrherz@iastate.edu, daryl herzmann. "IEM :: PNS from NWS CRP". mesonet.agron.iastate.edu. Retrieved June 28, 2024.
- ^ O'Connor, Shay (June 19, 2024). Tropical Storm Alberto: Video shows Grand Isle roads flood from tropical weather. Retrieved June 19, 2024 – via www.wdsu.com.
- ^ a b "Alberto falls apart after causing four deaths in Mexico". Bermuda Insurance Magazine. Retrieved June 25, 2024.
- ^ Bucci, Lisa (June 25, 2024). Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 26, 2024.
- ^ Masters, Jeff; Henson, Bob (June 27, 2024). "An early start to the Atlantic's Cabo Verde season?". New Haven, Connecticut: Yale Climate Connections. Retrieved June 27, 2024.
- ^ Cangialosi, John (June 28, 2024). Tropical Depression Two Discussion Number 1 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 28, 2024.
- ^ Cangialosi, John (June 28, 2024). Tropical Storm Beryl Discussion Number 2 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 28, 2024.
- ^ Blake, Eric (June 30, 2024). Hurricane Beryl Discussion Number 7 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 30, 2024.
- ^ Cangialosi, John (June 30, 2024). Hurricane Beryl Intermediate Advisory Number 7A (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 30, 2024.
- ^ Cangialosi, John (June 30, 2024). Hurricane Beryl Tropical Cyclone Update (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 30, 2024.
- ^ Staff, Editorial (June 29, 2024). "PM Announces National Shutdown From 8:30 PM On Sunday". St. Lucia Times. Retrieved June 30, 2024.
- ^ "CAL announces flight cancellations due to severe weather". Loop Caribbean News. Retrieved June 30, 2024.
- ^ Neal, David J.; Charles, Jacqueline (June 30, 2024). "The Caribbean begins to shut down in preparation for Category 4 Hurricane Beryl". Miami Herald. Haiti. Retrieved June 30, 2024.
- ^ Hagen, Andrew; Pasch, Richard (June 24, 2024). Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
- ^ Beven, John (June 29, 2024). Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 29, 2024.
- ^ Bucci, Lisa (June 30, 2024). Tropical Weather Outlook (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 30, 2024.
- ^ Roberts, Dave (June 30, 2024). Tropical Depression Three Discussion Number 1 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 30, 2024.
- ^ Pasch, Richard (July 1, 2024). Tropical Storm Chris Discussion Number 2 (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 1, 2024.
- ^ Bucci, Lisa (July 1, 2024). Tropical Storm Chris Tropical Cyclone Update (Report). Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved July 1, 2024.
- ^ Gay, Nancy (April 4, 2024). "Hurricane names 2024: Here's why the list may look familiar". Tampa, Florida: WTVT. Archived from the original on April 10, 2024. Retrieved April 10, 2024.
- ^ "Florence and Michael retired by the World Meteorological Organization". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. March 20, 2019. Archived from the original on March 20, 2019. Retrieved January 25, 2024.
External links
- US National Hurricane Center website – for the latest official information