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County seat: Difference between revisions

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{{More citations needed|date=August 2023}}
{{Use American English|date=August 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}A '''county seat''' is an administrative center, [[seat of government]], or capital city of a [[county]] or [[parish (administrative division)|civil parish]]. The term is in use in five countries,: [[Canada]], [[China]], [[Hungary]], [[Romania]], and the [[United States]]. An equivalent term, '''shire town''', is used in the [[U.S. state|U.S. state]] of [[Vermont]] and in several other English-speaking jurisdictions.<ref>[https://vtliving.com/vermontshires/ VT Shire Towns: Visiting The Shires of Vermont]</ref> [[County town]]s usually serve a similar function in [[Ireland]], [[Jamaica]], and the [[United Kingdom]].{{cn|date=August 2023}}▼
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2022}}
▲A '''county seat''' is an administrative center, [[seat of government]], or capital city of a [[county]] or [[parish (administrative division)|civil parish]]. The term is in use in five countries, [[Canada]], [[China]], [[Hungary]], [[Romania]], and the [[United States]]. An equivalent term, '''shire town''', is used in the [[U.S. state|U.S. state]] of [[Vermont]] and in several other English-speaking jurisdictions.<ref>[https://vtliving.com/vermontshires/ VT Shire Towns: Visiting The Shires of Vermont]</ref> [[County town]]s usually serve a similar function in [[Ireland]], [[Jamaica]], and the [[United Kingdom]].{{cn|date=August 2023}}
 
==Function==
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===U.S. counties with more than one county seat===
Most counties have only one county seat. However, some counties in [[Alabama]], [[Arkansas]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], [[Iowa]], [[Kentucky]], [[Massachusetts]], [[Mississippi]], [[Missouri]], [[New Hampshire]], [[New York (state)|New York]], and [[Vermont]] have two or more county seats, usually located on opposite sides of the county. Examples include [[Harrison County, Mississippi]], which has both [[Biloxi, Mississippi|Biloxi]] and [[Gulfport, Mississippi|Gulfport]] as county seats, and [[Hinds County, Mississippi]], which has both [[Raymond, Mississippi|Raymond]] and the state capital of [[Jackson, Mississippi|Jackson]]. The practice of multiple county seat towns dates from the days when travel was difficult. There have been few efforts to eliminate the two-seat arrangement, since a county seat is a source of [[boosterism|civic pride]] for the towns involved, along with providing employment opportunities.
 
There are 36 counties with multiple county seats in 11 states:
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====New England====
In [[New England]], counties have served mainly as dividing lines for the states' judicial systems. [[Rhode Island]] has no county level of government and thus no county seats, and [[Massachusetts]] has dissolved many but not all of its county governments. In [[Vermont]], [[Massachusetts]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartIII/TitleII/Chapter231/Section82|title=MGL c. 231, s. 82|access-date= 15 July 2013}}</ref> and [[Maine]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mainelegislature.org/legis/statutes/33/title33sec701.html|title=Title 33, §701: Office in shire town|work=mainelegislature.org}}</ref> county government consists only of a [[Superior Court]] and [[Sheriffs in the United States|Sheriff]] (as an [[officer of the court]]), both located in a designated "shire town." Bennington County, Vermont has two shire towns; the court for "North Shire" is in the shire town [[Manchester, Vermont|Manchester]], and the Sheriff for the county and court for "South Shire" are in the shire town Bennington.{{cn|date=August 2023}}
 
In 2024, [[Connecticut]], which had not defined their counties for anything but statistical, historical and weather warning purposes since 1960, along with ending the use of county seats in particular, will fully transition with the permission of the [[United States Census Bureau]] to a system of [[Councils of governments in Connecticut|councils of government]] for the purposes of boundary definition and as county equivalents.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Proposed Change to County Equivalents in Connecticut|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/pdfs/reference/ct_county_equiv_change.pdf|website=US Census Bureau}}</ref>
 
====South Dakota====
Two counties in [[South Dakota]], [[Oglala Lakota County, South Dakota|Oglala Lakota]] and [[Todd County, South Dakota|Todd]], have their county seat and government services centered in a neighboring county. Their county-level services are provided by [[Fall River County, South Dakota|Fall River County]] and [[Tripp County, South Dakota|Tripp County]], respectively.<ref name=Sdcounties>{{cite web |title=Shannon County, South Dakota |url=https://oglalalakota.sdcounties.org/ |website=Sdcounties.org |access-date=1 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425051054/https://oglalalakota.sdcounties.org/ |archive-date=25 April 2012}}</ref>
 
====Virginia====
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