Coast Guard (Russia): Difference between revisions

| agencyname = Coast Guard of the FSB Border Service of the FSBRussia

| nativenamea = {{nobold|{{lang|ru|Береговая охрана ПС ФСБ России}}}}

| patch = Береговая охрана ФСБ России.jpg

| patchcaption = Banner of the Russian Coast Guard (unofficial)

| logocaption = [[Racing stripe|Racing Stripe]] since 1993

| badgecaption = [[EnsignNaval (flag)|Ensignensign]] since 2008

| parentagency = {{Flagicon image|Flag of Federal security service.svg|size=23px}} [[Federal Security Service of Russia|Federal Security Service]]<br>{{Flagicon image|Флаг ПС ФСБ России.png|size=23px}} [[FSB Border Service of the Federal Security Service of the Russian FederationRussia|FSB Border Service]]

| activity1name = <ul><li>[[Piracy off the coast of Somalia|War on Piracy]]<brli>[[Russo-Georgian War]]<brli>[[2021 Black Sea incident]]</ul>{{tree list}}
* [[Russo-Ukrainian war]]
** [[Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation|Invasion of Crimea]]<br>
** [[Kerch Strait incident]]<br>
** [[2021Russian Blackinvasion Seaof incidentUkraine]]

The '''Coast Guard of the FSB Border Service of the FSBRussia''' ({{lang-ru|Береговая охрана Пограничной службы ФСБ России|Beregovaya okhrana Pogranichnoy sluzhby FSB Rossii}}), previously known as the Maritime Units of the [[KGB]] [[Soviet Border Troops|Border Troops]] ({{lang-ru|Морские части Пограничных Войск КГБ СССР|link=no}}), is the [[coast guard]] of [[Russia]].

The purpose of the formation of the Coast Guard of the FSB Border Service of Russia is to create a modern comprehensive and multifunctional system for protecting the national interests of Russia in the border area on the border area ([[Coast|sea coast]], inland sea waters and the [[Territorial waters|territorial sea]]), in the [[Exclusive economic zone of Russia|exclusive economic zone]] and on the continental shelf of Russia, taking into account the ongoing changes in political, economic, social life in the country and providing favorable conditions for the implementation of legal economic, fishing and other activities in the maritime border area of Russia.

Currently, the Coast Guard is part of the [[FSB Border Guard Service of Russia]] under the [[Federal Security Service of Russia]] (Береговая охрана Пограничной{{lang-ru|Пограничная службыслужба ФСБ России|link=no}}).<ref>Hazegrey.org, [http://www.hazegray.org/worldnav/russia/bord_grd.htm World Navies Today: Maritime Units of the Russian Border Guard Forces]</ref>

[[File:USSR, Flag KGB 1950.svg|left|thumb|EnsignNaval of ships, boats and vesselsensign of the Border Troops watercrafts of the Soviet Union, later the Russian Federation until 1993<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 21 мая 1993 года № 720|url=https://giod.consultant.ru/documents/1185847|url-status=dead|access-date=2021-03-04|archive-date=2017-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027080407/https://giod.consultant.ru/documents/1185847}}</ref>]]

After the end of the [[Second World War]] in 1945, the Marine Units of the Border Troops (MCHPVMChPV) carried out the protection of the [[Soviet Union]]'s maritime borders until [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union|its collapse]]. In different periods of {{nowrap|1945–1957's}} border troops, along with their member MCHPVMChPV, included in the structure of the various law enforcement agencies of the Soviet Union: the [[NKVD]], [[Ministry of State Security (Soviet Union)|MGB]], [[Ministry of Internal Affairs (Soviet Union)|MVD USSR]]. In 1957, the Marine units of the border troops, along with the rest of the border units, became part of the State Security Committee under the [[Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union|Council of Ministers of the USSR]], which in 1978 was transformed into an independent state committee – [[KGB|USSR State Security Committee]] (KGB of the USSR).

On October 28, 1992, by Decree of the [[President of Russia|President of the Russian Federation]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Собрание законодательства Российской Федерации|url=http://www.szrf.ru/szrf/doc.phtml?nb=110&issid=1101992044000&docid=1215|access-date=2021-03-04|website=www.szrf.ru|archive-date=2017-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026110929/http://www.szrf.ru/szrf/doc.phtml?nb=110&issid=1101992044000&docid=1215|url-status=dead}}</ref> No.  1309 Committee for the Protection of the State Border of the USSR was abolished, in accordance with which the Border Troops, together with their Naval Units, were transferred to the subordination of the Ministry of Security of the Russian Federation (MBRF) formed on January 24, 1992.

On June 12, 1992, the [[Border Service of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation|Border Troops of the Russian Federation]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Собрание законодательства Российской Федерации|url=http://www.szrf.ru/szrf/doc.phtml?nb=110&issid=1101992025000&docid=466|access-date=2021-03-04|website=www.szrf.ru|archive-date=2017-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026110728/http://www.szrf.ru/szrf/doc.phtml?nb=110&issid=1101992025000&docid=466|url-status=dead}}</ref> formed as part of the MBRF on the basis of the former Committee for the Protection of the State Border and the troops subordinate to it, while the ''Maritime Units of the Border Troops of the Russian Federation'' (MCHPVMChPV of Russia) are one of their components.

[[File:Russia. Flag of ships of Border Guard Force 1993.svg|thumb|EnsignNaval of ships, boats and vesselsensign of the Russian Border GuardsGuard watercrafts from 1993<ref name=":0" /> to 2008]]

In 1994, as part of the FPS – Glavkomat, the MCHPVMChPV of Russia was reorganized into the ''Naval Forces of the Border Troops of the Russian Federation''. The command of the naval forces of the Border Troops of the Russian Federation was created – instead of the post of the Deputy Commander of the Border Troops of the Russian Federation for the naval unit, the post of Commander of the naval forces of the Border Troops of the Russian Federation was approved.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Собрание законодательства Российской Федерации|url=http://www.szrf.ru/szrf/doc.phtml?nb=100&issid=1001994017000&docid=4844|access-date=2021-03-04|website=www.szrf.ru|archive-date=2017-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026111053/http://www.szrf.ru/szrf/doc.phtml?nb=100&issid=1001994017000&docid=4844|url-status=dead}}</ref>

December 30, 1994, the FPS – Glavkomat changes its name and is transformed into the Federal Border Service of the Russian Federation (FPS of Russia)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Собрание законодательства Российской Федерации|url=http://www.szrf.ru/szrf/doc.phtml?nb=100&issid=1001995001000&docid=282|access-date=2021-03-04|website=www.szrf.ru|archive-date=2017-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026054307/http://www.szrf.ru/szrf/doc.phtml?nb=100&issid=1001995001000&docid=282|url-status=dead}}</ref>

August 29, 1997, in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No.  950 "On measures to ensure the protection of marine biological resources and state control in this area", on the basis of the Maritime Forces of the Border Troops, as well as the staff and material and technical means of the central office and regional fisheries protection bodies of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Russian Federation (Ministry of Agriculture and Food of Russia), the ''Marine Guard of the Federal Border Service of the Russian Federation'' (MOHRMOKhR FPS of Russia) is formed as part of the FPS of Russia.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Собрание законодательства Российской Федерации|url=http://www.szrf.ru/szrf/doc.phtml?nb=100&issid=1001997035000&docid=6549|access-date=2021-03-04|website=www.szrf.ru|archive-date=2017-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027125635/http://www.szrf.ru/szrf/doc.phtml?nb=100&issid=1001997035000&docid=6549|url-status=dead}}</ref>

Since this period, the MOHRMOKhR FPS of Russia, in addition to the defense of the water boundaries of the State Border of the Russian Federation, has been assigned the task of protecting aquatic biological resources in internal sea waters, as well as in the [[Caspian Sea|Caspian]] and [[Sea of Azov|Azov]] Seas.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Собрание законодательства Российской Федерации|url=http://www.szrf.ru/szrf/doc.phtml?nb=100&issid=1001998005000&docid=93|access-date=2021-03-04|website=www.szrf.ru|archive-date=2017-11-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107075013/http://www.szrf.ru/szrf/doc.phtml?nb=100&issid=1001998005000&docid=93|url-status=dead}}</ref> As part of the Federal Border Guard Service of Russia, a management body of the Maritime Guard is formed – the Department of Maritime Guard<ref>{{Cite web|title=ОБ УТВЕРЖДЕНИИ ПОЛОЖЕНИЯ О ДЕПАРТАМЕНТЕ МОРСКОЙ ОХРАНЫ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЙ ПОГРАНИЧНОЙ СЛУЖБЫ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ. Приказ. Федеральная пограничная служба РФ. 13.06.98 328. Предпринимательское право|url=http://businesspravo.ru/Docum/DocumShow_DocumID_75449.html|access-date=2021-03-04|website=businesspravo.ru}}</ref> Admiral I.  I.  Naletov is appointed Deputy Director – Head of the Department of Maritime Security of the Federal Border Guard Service of Russia, since 1999 – Vice Admiral V.  K.  Logvinenko.

On July 1, 2003, the Federal Border Service of the Russian Federation is abolished, and its functions are transferred to the jurisdiction of the Border Service created by the same Decree as part of the [[Federal Security Service|Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation]] (FSB of Russia). To organize the activities of the newly created structure, the Organizational Department of the FSB Border Service of the FSB of Russia is formed, within which, on the basis of the former Maritime Department, the Maritime Directorate of the FSB of Russia is organized – the control body of the ''Maritime Guard of the FSB Border Service of the FSB of Russia'' (MOHRMOKhR of the FSB of Russia).<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=В России создана береговая охрана {{!}} Еженедельник "Военно-промышленный курьер"|url=https://vpk-news.ru/articles/742|access-date=2021-03-04|website=vpk-news.ru}}</ref>

On July 20, 2004, on the basis of the Maritime Guard of the FSB of Russia, the ''Coast Guard of the FSB Border Guard Service of the FSB of Russia'' (BOKHRBOKhR of the FSB of Russia) was formed. In the Organizational Department of the FSB of Russia, the former Maritime Administration is reorganized into the Coast Guard Administration of the FSB Border Guard Service of the FSB of Russia.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=profilib.com|url=https://profilib.com/chtenie/92147/n-a-kuznetsov-ot-dobryni-nikiticha-do-otto-shmidta-ledokoly-proekta-97-i-ikh-modifikatsii-11.php#t1|access-date=2021-03-04|website=profilib.com}}</ref>

In 2005, the Russian Federation abolished such a type of power structures as [[Border guard|border troops]] – since that time, all military formations, government agencies, inspection bodies and their management bodies of the FSB Border Service of the FSB of Russia (including the Coast Guard) are called border agencies.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Собрание законодательства Российской Федерации|url=http://www.szrf.ru/szrf/doc.phtml?nb=100&issid=1002005010000&docid=129|access-date=2021-03-04|website=www.szrf.ru|archive-date=2017-10-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027125638/http://www.szrf.ru/szrf/doc.phtml?nb=100&issid=1002005010000&docid=129|url-status=dead}}</ref>

At the same time, in 2005, the FSB Border Service of the FSB of Russia begins to transfer the system of manning the personnel of military units (ships) of the border agencies completely to a contract basis, with a gradual reduction in the number of servicemen doing military service by [[conscription]]. The process of transition to a contractual basis, which equally affected the bodies of the security guard of the FSB of Russia, was completed by the beginning of 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|title=:: Жизнь|url=https://ytro.ru/news/2008/12/16/787646.shtml|access-date=2021-03-04|website=ytro.ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Граница перешла на контракт|url=https://ampravda.ru/2008/11/22/019801.html|access-date=2021-03-04|website=ampravda.ru|language=ru}}</ref>

On August 20, 2007, the Coast Guard Directorate was reorganized into the Coast Guard Department of the FSB Border Guard Service of the FSB of Russia.<ref name=":2" /> At present, the main personnel of the Coast Guard, as well as all border agencies of the FSB of Russia, are military personnel doing [[Volunteer military|military service under contract]], with the exception of the OMBIR bodies, staffed by federal government officials and civilian personnel.

The [[FSB Coast Guard Institute]] ({{lang-ru|Институт береговой охраны ФСБ России|link=no}}), located in [[Anapa]], was established in 2007. Cadets study for 4 years.

* Offshore patrol vessels: up to 25 – various types: 14 – {{sclass2|Rubin|patrol boat|4}} (7 Black Sea; 3 Pacific; 2 Northern; 1 in Baltic and 1 in Caspian as of 2022),<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.navyrecognition.com/index.php/naval-news/naval-news-archive/2022/july/11991-russia-transfers-rubin-class-patrol-boat-from-caspian-sea-to-black-sea.html | title=Russia transfers Rubin class patrol boat from Caspian Sea to Black Sea}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://russianships.info/eng/borderguard/project_22460.htm|title = Coast guard patrol ship - Project 22460}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=http://president.e-dag.ru/novosti/v-centre-vnimaniya/na-pogranichnom-storozhevom-korable-rasul-gamzatov-vpervye-podnyali-flag#!prettyPhoto | title=На пограничном сторожевом корабле "Расул Гамзатов" впервые подняли флаг}}</ref> 3 – {{sclass2|Okean|patrol ship|4}} (2 Northern, 1 Pacific);<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://russianships.info/eng/borderguard/project_22100.htm|title = Coast guard patrol ship - Project 22100}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ria.ru/arms/20170122/1486243226.html|title=Погранслужба ФСБ получила сторожевой корабль для охраны границ в Арктике|date=22 January 2017|access-date=1 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2017/0130/103039305/detail.shtml|title=ЦАМТО / Новости / Пограничный корабль "Полярная звезда" прибыл к месту постоянного базирования в порт Мурманска|website=www.armstrade.org|access-date=1 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.zdship.ru/press-center/news-events/4028/|title=Успешное завершение государственных испытаний|website=www.zdship.ru|accessdate=Oct 16, 2022}}</ref><ref>[https://portnews.ru/news/351958/#:~:text=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F%20%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F%20%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%20%D0%BD%D0%B0,%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%20%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%20%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8C%2015%20%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0 Поднят флаг на пограничном сторожевом корабле проекта 22100 «Анадырь»].</ref> 4 – ''Project 850285'' (all Pacific)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://russianships.info/eng/borderguard/project_850285.htm|title = Coast guard patrol ships - Project 850285}}</ref>

* Patrol boats (PCF): aroundover 130 +140 patrol boats, 30 – {{sclass2|Svetlyak|patrol boat|4}}, 21 – {{sclass2|Sobol|patrol boat|4}}, 56 – {{sclass2|Mangust|patrol boat|4}}, 1422 – Project 1496M/M1 patrol vessels (6 Pacific, 49 Black Sea, 23 Caspian, 1 Northern, 13 Baltic),<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://russianships.info/eng/borderguard/project_1496m.htm | title=Coast guard patrol boat - Project 1496M}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://seawaves.com/?p=15337 | title=Project 1496M1 Lamantin Commissioned in Taganrog – SeaWaves Magazine}}</ref><ref>{{cite 5 –web | title=Новый пограничный сторожевой корабль «Альбатрос» | website=bmpd | date=2024-08-02 | url=https://bmpd.livejournal.com/4847132.html | language=ru | ref={{sclass2sfnref |Lamantin bmpd |patrol boat2024}} |4 access-date=2024-08-04}},</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kalashnikovgroup.ru/news/chetvyertyy_morskoy_-lamantin-_peredan_zakazchiku_|title=Четвёртый морской "Ламантин" передан заказчику|website=kalashnikovgroup.ru|accessdate=Oct 16, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2021/0917/100064517/detail.shtml | title=ЦАМТО // В Таганроге состоялся торжественный подъем флага на новом пограничном сторожевом катере типа "Ламантин"}}</ref> 4 – {{sclass2|Rondo|patrol boat|4}},<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2018/1012/143049118/detail.shtml|title=ЦАМТО / Новости / Катер проекта Р1650 «Рондо» отправился к месту постоянного базирования|website=armstrade.org|accessdate=Oct 16, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://armstrade.org/includes/periodics/news/2021/0908/102064399/detail.shtml | title=ЦАМТО // На СНСЗ завершились заводские ходовые испытания катера "Рондо"}}</ref> 3 – [[Mirage class patrol vessel|Mirage class]], 1 – {{sclass2|Zhuk|patrol boat|4}}, 2 – [[Sokzhoy class patrol boat|Sokzhoy class]], 3 – {{sclass2|Mustang 2|patrol boat|4}}

* Armed seagoing tug: c. {{circa|14}} – {{sclass2|Sorum|tugboat|4}} (c. {{circa|4}} Northern, 6 Pacific, 2 Black Sea, 1 Caspian, 1 Baltic)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://russianships.info/eng/support/project_745.htm|title = Seagoing tug - Project 745}}</ref><ref name=":3" />

The Russian Coast Guard uses a variety of weapons, this includes but is not limited to the [[Kalashnikov rifle|AK series of rifles]], pistols, grenade based weapons such as the [[DP-64|DP-64]] hand anti-diver grenade launcher]] and the 30 mm [[AGS-17]] automatic grenade launcher, and a variety of machine guns from 7.62 mm machine guns to 14.5 mm machine guns. Large weapons aboard vessels can be anything from naval guns, torpedoes, and missiles.<ref>{{cite web|title=Project 12150 "Mangoost"|url=http://www.oaoosk.ru/en/products/mangoost/|website=oaoosk|access-date=27 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Combat training of russian coast guards and special FSB|url=http://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-combat-training-of-russian-coast-guards-and-special-fsb-federal-security-44296815.html|website=alamy|access-date=27 June 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite webYouTube|id=3lbwaXncGc8|title=Есть"пскр такой корабль..нева. "Анадырьартилерия к бою"|urlt=https://www2m24s}}.youtube.com</watch?vref><ref>{{YouTube|id=3QMPk-B9fDQ&list=LL-YBqPr3mnM5kY3ZDGa32Fg&index=3|websitetitle=Youtube|location=AKЕсть usedтакой atкорабль... time 3:46"Анадырь"|t=3m22s}}.</ref>