Comb Ceramic culture: Difference between revisions

|period = [[Mesolithic Europe]], [[Neolithic Europe]]

|dates = ''{{abbr|c.|circa''}} 4200 BCE&nbspndash;– ''circa'' 2000 BCE

|followedby = [[Volosovo culture]], [[Corded Ware culture]], [[Kiukainen culture]]

The '''Comb Ceramic culture''' or '''Pit-Comb Ware culture''', often abbreviated as '''CCC''' or '''PCW''', was a northeast European culture characterised by its [[Pit–Comb Ware]]. It existed from around 4200 BCE to around 2000 BCE.{{sfn|Saag|2017}} The bearers of the Comb Ceramic culture are thought to have still mostly followed the [[Mesolithic]] [[hunter-gatherer]] ([[Eastern Hunter-Gatherer]]) lifestyle, with traces of [[Neolithic Revolution|early agriculture]].

Among the many styles of comb ware there is one which makes use of the characteristics of [[asbestos]]: [[Asbestos-Ceramic|Asbestos ware]]. In this tradition, which persisted through different cultures into the Iron Age, asbestos was used to temper the ceramic clay.<ref>{{Cite book|lastlast1=Helle|firstfirst1=Knut|title=The Cambridge History of Scandinavia|last2=Kouri|first2=E. I.|last3=Oleson|first3=Jens E.|date=2003|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=0-521-47299-7|location=Cambridge|pages=52}}</ref> Other styles are Pyheensilta, Jäkärlä, Kierikki, Pöljä and Säräisniemi pottery with their respective subdivisions. Sperrings ceramics is the original name given for the ''younger early Comb ware'' (Ka I:2) found in Finland.

[[File:Rajakangas Giant's Church.jpg|thumb|A so-called [[Giant's Church]] at Rajakangas, Oulu, Finland. The purpose of these large, rectangular stone structures is unclear.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://museot.keski-pohjanmaa.fi/vah_erik_7.htm |title=Arvoitukselliset jätinkirkot |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=26 January 2013 |work=Keskipohjalaisia museoita ja kulttuuriympäristöjä |publisher=Keski-pohjanmaan liitto |language=fi |accessdateaccess-date=26 January 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109130650/http://museot.keski-pohjanmaa.fi/vah_erik_7.htm |archive-date=9 November 2013 }}</ref>]]

There are sources noting that the typical comb ceramic pottery had a sense of luxury and that its makers knew how to wear precious amber pendants.<ref>{{Cite book|lastlast1=Pohjola|firstfirst1=Jari|title=Historical Perspectives to Postglacial Uplift: Case Studies from the Lower Satakunta Region|last2=Turunen|first2=Jari|last3=Lipping|first3=Tarmo|last4=Sivula|first4=Anna|last5=Marila|first5=Marko|date=2018|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-030-00970-0|location=Cham|pages=6}}</ref>

In earlier times, it was often suggested that the spread of the Comb Ware people was correlated with the diffusion of the [[Uralic languages]], and thus an [[Proto-Uralic language|early Uralic]] language would have been spoken throughout this culture.{{sfn|Mallory|Adams|1997|pp=439-430}} It iswas also suggested that bearers of this culture likely spoke [[Finno-Ugric languages]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Taagepera|first=Rein|title=Estonia: Return To Independence|date=2018|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0813311999|location=New York|pages=11}}</ref> Another view is that the Comb Ware people may have spoken [[Paleo-European languages|Palaeo-European languages]], as some [[toponyms]] and [[hydronym]]s also indicate a non-Uralic, non-[[Indo-European languages|Indo-European language]] at work in some areas. In addition, modern scholars have located the [[Proto-Uralic homeland hypotheses|Proto-Uralic]] homeland east of the [[Volga]], if not even beyond the [[Urals]]. The great westward dispersal of the Uralic languages is suggested to have happened long after the demise of the Comb Ceramic culture, perhaps in the 1st millennium BC.{{sfn|Mallory|Adams|1997|pp=439-430}}

InSaag aet al. (2017) genetic study published in [[Current Biology]], the remains ofanalyzed three CCC individuals buried at [[Kudruküla]] wasas analyzed.{{sfn|Saag|2017}}belonging Theto [[Y-DNA]] sample extracted belonged tohg [[Haplogroup R1a|R1a5-YP1272]]. The(R1a1b~ after ISOGG 2020), along with three [[mtDNA]] samples extractedof belonged tomt-hg [[Haplogroup U (mtDNA)#Haplogroup U5|U5b1d1]], [[Haplogroup U (mtDNA)#Haplogroup U4|U4a]] and [[Haplogroup U (mtDNA)#Haplogroup U2|U2e1]].{{sfn|Saag|2017}}

{{Reflist|2}}

* {{cite journal |last1=Lamnidis |first1=TC |date=November 27, 2018 |title=Ancient Fennoscandian genomes reveal origin and spread of Siberian ancestry in Europe |journal=[[Nature Communications]] |publisher=[[Nature Research]] |volume=9 |issue=5018 |pages=2185–2193 |doi=10.1038/s41467-018-07483-5 |pmc=6258758 |pmid=30479341 |bibcode=2018NatCo...9.5018L }}

* {{cite journal |last1=Mittnik |first1=Alisa |date=January 30, 2018 |title=The genetic prehistory of the Baltic Sea region |journal=[[Nature Communications]] |publisher=[[Nature Research]] |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages= 442|doi=10.1038/s41467-018-02825-9 |pmc=5789860 |pmid=29382937 |bibcode=2018NatCo...9..442M }}

* {{cite book |last1=Zvelebil |first1=Marek |author-link1=Marek Zvelebil |year=19972004 |chapter=Pitted Ware And Related Cultures Of Neolithic Northern Europe |editor1-last=Bogucki |editor1-first=Peter I. |editor2-last=Crabtree |editor2-first=Pam J. |title=Ancient Europe 8000 B.C.- A.D. 1000 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lk1JnQEACAAJ |series=Encyclopedia of the Barbarian World |volume=1 |publisher=[[Charles Scribner's Sons|Scribner]] |pages=431–435 |isbn=068480669X }}