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Comb Ceramic culture: Difference between revisions

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However, calibrated [[radiocarbon dating|radiocarbon dates]] for the comb-ware fragments found (e.g., in the Karelian isthmus), give a total interval of 5600 BC – 2300 BC (''Geochronometria'' Vol. 23, pp 93–99, 2004).
 
Among the many styles of comb ware there is one which makes use of the characteristics of [[asbestos]]: [[Asbestos-Ceramic|Asbestos ware]]. In this tradition, which persisted through different cultures into the Iron Age, asbestos was used to temper the ceramic clay.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Helle|first=Knut|title=The Cambridge History of Scandinavia|last2=Kouri|first2=E. I.|last3=Oleson|first3=Jens E.|date=2003|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=|isbn=0-521-47299-7|location=Cambridge|pages=52}}</ref> Other styles are Pyheensilta, Jäkärlä, Kierikki, Pöljä and Säräisniemi pottery with their respective subdivisions. Sperrings ceramics is the original name given for the ''younger early Comb ware'' (Ka I:2) found in Finland.
 
==Habitations==
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The culture was characterised by small figurines of burnt clay and animal heads made of stone. The animal heads usually depict moose and bears and were derived from the art of the [[Mesolithic]]. There were also many [[rock painting]]s.
 
There are sources noting that the typical comb ceramic pottery had a sense of luxury and that its makers knew how to wear precious amber pendants.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Pohjola|first=Jari|title=Historical Perspectives to Postglacial Uplift: Case Studies from the Lower Satakunta Region|last2=Turunen|first2=Jari|last3=Lipping|first3=Tarmo|last4=Sivula|first4=Anna|last5=Marila|first5=Marko|date=2018|publisher=Springer|year=|isbn=978-3-030-00970-0|location=Cham|pages=6}}</ref>
 
==Language==
In earlier times, it was often suggested that the spread of the Comb Ware people was correlated with the diffusion of the [[Uralic languages]], and thus an [[Proto-Uralic language|early Uralic]] language would have been spoken throughout this culture.{{sfn|Mallory|Adams|1997|pp=439-430}} It is also suggested that bearers of this culture likely spoke [[Finno-Ugric languages]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Taagepera|first=Rein|title=Estonia: Return To Independence|date=2018|publisher=Routledge|year=|isbn=0813311993978-0813311999|location=New York|pages=11}}</ref>
 
A more recent view is that the Comb Ware people may have spoken [[Pre-Indo-European languages]], as some [[toponyms]] and [[hydronym]]s also indicate a non-Uralic, non-[[Indo-European languages|Indo-European language]] at work in some areas. In addition, modern scholars have located the [[Proto-Uralic homeland hypotheses|Proto-Uralic]] homeland east of the [[Volga]], if not even beyond the [[Urals]]. The great westward dispersal of the Uralic languages is thought to have happened long after the demise of the Comb Ceramic culture, perhaps in the 1st millennium BC.{{sfn|Mallory|Adams|1997|pp=439-430}}
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==Sources==
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Lamnidis |first1=TC |author-link1= |date=November 27, 2018 |year= |editor1-last= |editor1-first= |editor1-link= |others= |title=Ancient Fennoscandian genomes reveal origin and spread of Siberian ancestry in Europe |script-title= |trans-title= |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-07483-5 |access-date=January 9, 2020 |url-access= |format= |department= |journal=[[Nature Communications]] |type= |series= |language= |edition= |location= |publisher=[[Nature Research]] |publication-place= |publication-date= |volume=9 |issue=5018 |page= |pages=2185-2193 |at=2185–2193 |nopp= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |bibcode-access= |biorxiv= |citeseerx= |doi=10.1038/s41467-018-07483-5 |doi-access= |doi-broken-date= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |jstor-access= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |ol-access= |osti= |osti-access= |pmc=6258758 |pmid=30479341 |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |archive-url= |archive-date= |url-status= |via= |layurl= |laysource= |laydate= |quote= |postscript= |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last1=Mallory |first1=J. P. |author-link1=J. P. Mallory |last2=Adams |first2=Douglas Q. |author-link2=Douglas Q. Adams |year=1997 |chapter=Pit-Comb Ware Culture |editor-last= |editor-first= |editor-link= |title=Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tzU3RIV2BWIC |series= |language= |volume= |edition= |location= |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |page= |pages=429-430429–430 |isbn=1884964982 |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |via= |registration= |subscription= |quote= |ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Mittnik |first1=Alisa |author-link1= |date=January 30, 2018 |year= |editor1-last= |editor1-first= |editor1-link= |others= |title=The genetic prehistory of the Baltic Sea region |script-title= |trans-title= |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-02825-9 |access-date=January 9, 2020 |url-access= |format= |department= |journal=[[Nature Communications]] |type= |series= |language= |edition= |location= |publisher=[[Nature Research]] |publication-place= |publication-date= |volume=16 |issue=1 |page= |pages= |at= 442|nopp= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |bibcode-access= |biorxiv= |citeseerx= |doi=10.1038/s41467-018-02825-9 |doi-access= |doi-broken-date= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |jstor-access= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |ol-access= |osti= |osti-access= |pmc=5789860 |pmid=29382937 |rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |archive-url= |archive-date= |url-status= |via= |layurl= |laysource= |laydate= |quote= |postscript= |ref=harv}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Saag |first1=Lehti |author-link1= |date=July 24, 2017 |year= |editor1-last= |editor1-first= |editor1-link= |others= |title=Extensive Farming in Estonia Started through a Sex-Biased Migration from the Steppe. |script-title= |trans-title= |url=https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(17)30724-8?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0960982217307248%3Fshowall%3Dtrue |access-date=January 7, 2020 |url-access= |format= |department= |journal=[[Current Biology]] |type= |series= |language= |edition= |location= |publisher=[[Cell Press]] |publication-place= |publication-date= |volume=27 |issue=14 |page= |pages=2185-2193 |at=2185–2193 |nopp= |arxiv= |asin= |bibcode= |bibcode-access= |biorxiv= |citeseerx= |doi=10.1016/j.cub.2017.06.022 |doi-access= |doi-broken-date= |isbn= |issn= |jfm= |jstor= |jstor-access= |lccn= |mr= |oclc= |ol= |ol-access= |osti= |osti-access= |pmc= |pmid= 28712569|rfc= |ssrn= |zbl= |id= |archive-url= |archive-date= |url-status= |via= |layurl= |laysource= |laydate= |quote= |postscript= |ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |last1=Zvelebil |first1=Marek |author-link1=Marek Zvelebil |year=1997 |chapter=Pitted Ware And Related Cultures Of Neolithic Northern Europe |editor1-last=Bogucki |editor1-first=Peter I. |editor1-link= |editor2-last=Crabtree |editor2-first=Pam J. |editor2-link= |title=Ancient Europe 8000 B.C.- A.D. 1000 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lk1JnQEACAAJ |series=Encyclopedia of the Barbarian World |language= |volume=1 |edition= |location= |publisher=[[Charles Scribner's Sons|Scribner]] |page= |pages=431-435431–435 |isbn=068480669X |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |via= |registration= |subscription= |quote= |ref=harv}}
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