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==Definition and history==
The term ''comfort food''
When the term first appeared, newspapers used it in quotation marks. In the 1970s, the most popular comfort food in the United States were various [[potato]] dishes and [[chicken soup]], but even at the time, the definition varied from person to person. During the next decades, the nature of comfort food changed in the
==Psychological studies==
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* [[Pumpkin soup]]<ref name=ninemsn />
* Rice custard<ref name=ninemsn />
* [[Sunday roast|Roast meat]] ([[
* [[Roast potato]]es<ref name=ninemsn />
* [[Bangers and mash|Sausage and mash]]<ref name=ninemsn />
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* [[Butter tart]] / [[Sugar cream pie|Tarte au sucre]] – small sweet tart-shaped pastries<ref name=HistoricaCanada>{{cite news| url = http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/exhibit/comfort-foods-from-canada/| title = Canadian Comfort Food: A collection of uniquely Canadian Cuisine| work = Historica Canada ([[The Canadian Encyclopedia]] )| access-date = 10 May 2016| archive-date = 13 May 2018| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180513111847/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/exhibit/comfort-foods-from-canada/| url-status = dead}}</ref><ref name=HuffPostCa>{{cite news |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2011/10/20/canadian-comfort-food_n_1022326.html | title = Canadian Comfort Food: The Bad-For-Us Foods We Can't Resist | first = Sarah | last = Kelsey | work = HuffPost Canada | date = 20 October 2011 | publisher = The Huffington Post Canada | access-date = 6 January 2018}}</ref><ref name=Forkly>{{cite web |url=http://www.forkly.com/food/15-foods-you-can-only-get-in-canada/ | title = 22 Foods You Can Only Get In Canada | first = Lindsay | last = Duncan | date = 14 June 2017 | website= Forkly | publisher = Concourse Media | access-date = 6 January 2018}}</ref>
*[[Cake]]<ref name=15recipes>{{cite news | url = http://www.canadianliving.com/food/menus_and_collections/15_recipes_for_the_ultimate_comfort_food.php | title = 15 recipes for the ultimate comfort food | work = Canadian Living | author = The Canadian Living Test Kitchen | access-date = 10 May 2016 | archive-date = 2 May 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160502123004/http://www.canadianliving.com/food/menus_and_collections/15_recipes_for_the_ultimate_comfort_food.php | url-status = dead }}</ref>
*[[Cheesecake]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/d-is-for-dinner-vegan-cheesecake-1.4371363 | title = Cashew and tofu merge for creamy vegan cheesecake: Cookbook author and food blogger Sam Turnbull says recipe tastes just like traditional cheesecake | work = CBC News Ottawa | date = 25 October 2017 | publisher = [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]]/Radio-Canada | access-date = 6 January 2018}}</ref>
*[[Chili con carne|Chili and beans]]<ref>{{cite news | url = https://ottawacitizen.com/health/homegrown+cookbook+labour+love+salute+canada+producers+recipes+chili/11783798/story.html | title = 'Homegrown' cookbook a labour of love and salute to Canada's producers | first = Lois | last = Abraham | date = 13 March 2016 | location = Toronto | work = Ottawa Citizen | publisher = Postmedia Network Inc. | access-date = 10 May 2016 | archive-date = 10 June 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160610053708/http://www.ottawacitizen.com/health/homegrown+cookbook+labour+love+salute+canada+producers+recipes+chili/11783798/story.html | url-status = dead }}</ref>
*[[Chocolate bars]]<ref name=Forkly />
*[[Cookie]]s<ref name=HuffPostCa />
*[[Fish and chips]]<ref name=WhereCanada>{{cite news | url = http://www.where.ca/blog/slideshow/top-spots-14-wintry-canadian-comfort-food-favourites/ | title = Top Spots for 14 Wintry Canadian Comfort Food Favourites | first = Meghan | last = Wilson-Smith | work = WHERE Canada | publisher = St. Joseph Media Inc. | access-date = 10 May 2016 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
*[[Fried chicken]]<ref name=15recipes />
*[[Fried rice]]<ref name=HistoricalHouse>{{cite web |url=http://thehistoricalhouse.blogspot.com/2016/01/anglo-canadian-comfort-food.html | title = Anglo-Canadian Comfort Food | first = Dorothy Cummings | last = McLean | website= The Historical House | date = 14 January 2016 | access-date = 10 May 2016}}</ref>
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*Potatoes such as [[French fries]], [[Hash browns]], [[Mashed potatoes]],<ref name=15recipes /> [[Potato chips]],<ref name=Forkly /> and [[Potato salad]]
*[[Poutine]]<ref name=msn33 /><ref name=HistoricaCanada /><ref name=HuffPostCa /><ref name=Forkly /><ref name=WhereCanada /><ref name=HistoricalHouse /><ref name=HuffPost />
* [[Sunday roast|Roast meat]] ([[
* [[Roast potato]]es<ref name=ninemsn />
* [[Rhubarb pie]]<ref name=Locavores />
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German comfort foods may include the following foods:
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*[[
*[[Knieküchle|Auszogne]]
*[[Frikadeller|Bouletten, Frikadellen, Fleischpflanzerl etc.]]
*[[German fries|Bratkartoffeln]]<ref name="stripes" />
*[[Currywurst]]<ref name="stripes">{{cite web|url=https://europe.stripes.com/lifestyle/10-german-comfort-foods-try-fall|title=10 German comfort foods to try this fall|date=25 October 2021|publisher=Stars and Stripes Europe|accessdate=22 February 2022|archive-date=22 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220222123640/https://europe.stripes.com/lifestyle/10-german-comfort-foods-try-fall|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*
*[[:de:Fleischsalat|Fleischsalat]]
*[[Frankfurter Würstchen|Frankfurter]]
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*[[Potato pancake|Kartoffelpuffer]]<ref name="dw" />
*[[Käsespätzle]]<ref name="dw" /><ref name="stripes" />
*
*[[Cabbage roll|Kohlrouladen]]<ref name="dw" />
*[[Leberkäse]]
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*[[Maultasche]]n<ref name="dw" />
*[[Mett]]
*
*[[Lebkuchen|Nürnberger Lebkuchen]]
*[[Nürnberger Rostbratwurst]]
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{{main|Hong Kong cuisine}}
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*
*[[Cart noodle]] – an à la carte noodle dish traditionally sold using carts<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/society/article/3077292/hong-kongs-cart-noodles-are-irresistible-many-certainly-not|title=Hong Kong's 'cart noodles' are irresistible to many, but certainly not worth dying for amid the Covid-19 pandemic|date=28 March 2020 |publisher=[[South China Morning Post]]|accessdate=23 February 2022}}</ref>
*[[Cha chaan teng#Food and drinks|Cha Chaan Teng]] – a Hong Kong style place to eat comfort food<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/30/travel/30webcomfort.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120407232934/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/30/travel/30webcomfort.html|archivedate=7 April 2012|date=30 January 2008|work=[[The New York Times]]|title=Comfort Food in Hong Kong}}</ref>
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* [[Chaat]]<ref name="india11" />
* [[Curd rice]] – Rice mixed with yogurt<ref name="india11">{{cite web|url=https://www.india.com/viral/11-comfort-foods-every-indian-loves-in-times-of-stress-660855/|title=11 Comfort Foods Every Indian Loves in Times of Stress|publisher=india.com|accessdate=8 March 2022}}</ref><ref name="ndtv">{{cite web|url=https://food.ndtv.com/food-drinks/5-classic-indian-curd-based-comfort-foods-of-all-times-dahi-recipes-we-love-2442412|title=From Curd Rice to Kadhi Chawal: 5 Classic Indian Curd-Based Comfort Foods Of All Times|publisher=NDTV|accessdate=8 March 2022}}</ref>
* [[Curry]]
* [[Cutlet#Indian cuisine|Cutlet]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/food-wine/monsoon-easy-recipe-bread-cutlet-6529160/|title=Monsoon special: Enjoy crispy bread patties today|date=30 July 2020 |accessdate=8 March 2022|publisher=The Indian Express}}</ref>
*
* [[Fish fry]]
* [[Kachori]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://food.ndtv.com/food-drinks/5-classic-kachori-recipes-from-north-india-for-your-snacktime-2721500|title=Make Your Snacktime Delicious With 5 Classic Kachori Recipes|publisher=NDTV|accessdate=8 March 2022}}</ref>
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*[[Lasagne]] – flat noodles ([[pasta]]) layered with meat, cheese and tomato sauce<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thedailymeal.com/cook/ultimate-italian-comfort-food-recipe | title = This is the Ultimate Italian Comfort Food Recipe | date = 27 October 2015 | first = Angela | last = Carlos | work = The Daily Meal | publisher = tronc, Inc. | access-date = 2 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sunset.com/food-wine/kitchen-assistant/lasagna#lucies-lasagna | title = 7 Favorite Lasagna Recipes: These layered pasta dishes will satisfy your comfort food craving | first = Angela | last = Brassinga | website= Sunset | date = 9 June 2015 | publisher = [[Time Inc.]] Affluent Travel Group | access-date = 2 August 2017}}</ref>
*[[Amatriciana|Pasta all'amatriciana]] – pasta with [[guanciale]], [[tomato sauce]] and [[pecorino cheese]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2016/08/26/chefs-want-you-to-eat-pasta-allamatriciana-its-comfort-food-for-quake-victims.html?rf|title=Chefs want you to eat pasta all'amatriciana. It's comfort food for quake victims|work=Toronto Star|date=26 August 2016 |accessdate=4 March 2022}}</ref><ref name="saveur" />
*[[Carbonara|Pasta alla carbonara]] – pasta with [[egg]], [[guanciale]], and [[pecorino cheese]]<ref name="saveur" />
*[[Nutella]] – sweet [[Spread (food)|spread]] of [[Cocoa solids|cocoa]] and [[hazelnut]]s<ref name="cnnworld">{{cite news|url=http://travel.cnn.com/explorations/eat/worlds-greatest-comfort-foods-016576 | title=The world's greatest comfort foods | work=CNN | date=14 August 2012 | access-date=21 July 2015 | last=Sandoval | first = Eva}}</ref>
* [[Panna cotta]] – sweetened cream thickened with gelatin<ref name="saveur" />
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===Japan===
{{Main|Japanese cuisine}}
In Japan, there is an expression called "Taste of Mom([[:ja:おふくろの味|おふくろの味]])".
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Japanese curry|Curry Rice/Kare Raisu]] – Stewed vegetables - most commonly potato, onion, and carrot - in a mild curry sauce, sometimes with meat<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gritzer |first1=Daniel |title=Homemade Japanese Curry Rice (Kare Raisu) Recipe |url=https://www.seriouseats.com/japanese-curry-kare |website=Serious Eats |access-date=11 November 2021}}</ref>
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* ''[[Gazpacho]]'' – cold vegetable soup{{citation needed|date=March 2022}}
* ''[[Jamón serrano]]'' – Serrano ham<ref name="eldia" />
* ''[[Paella]]'' – rice with saffron, cooked in a shallow pan<ref name=Epicurious>{{cite web | url = https://www.epicurious.com/archive/blogs/editor/2013/01/favorite-classic-recipes-from-spain.html | title = Spanish Comfort Food Favorites | first = Kerry | last = Acker | date = 24 January 2013 | work = Epicurious | publisher = Condé Nast | access-date = 3 April 2019 | archive-date = 3 April 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190403114806/https://www.epicurious.com/archive/blogs/editor/2013/01/favorite-classic-recipes-from-spain.html | url-status = dead }}</ref>
* Sausage, such as ''[[chorizo]]'', ''[[Blood sausage|morcilla]]'', and [[salchichón]]{{citation needed|date=March 2022}}
* ''[[Sobao]]'' – sweet bread<ref name="eldia" />
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===Taiwan===
[[File:Tan Tsai Noodle of Tu Hsiao Yueh.jpg|thumb|right|[[Dan zai noodles]]]]
{{main|Chinese cuisine|Taiwanese cuisine}}
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Beef noodle soup]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.laweekly.com/squidink/2012/04/04/10-classic-taiwanese-dishes|title=10 Classic Taiwanese Dishes|work=[[LA Weekly]]|year=2012|access-date=21 July 2014}}</ref>
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* Varennia — jam
* [[Varenyky]] — Filled dumplings cooked at boiling water
* [[
{{div col end}}
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** [[Sticky toffee pudding]]<ref name=Olive />
** [[Treacle pudding]]<ref name=Telegraph /><ref name=BBC />
* [[
* [[Scotch egg]] – hard-boiled egg baked in sausage<ref name=Telegraph /><ref name=Olive />
* [[Soup]]s and [[stew]]s
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===United States===
{{Main|American cuisine}}
[[File:Original Mac n Cheese .jpg|thumb|right|[[Macaroni and cheese]] is an [[Cuisine of the United States|American]] comfort food.<ref name=CNNTravel>{{cite news|url=http://travel.cnn.com/explorations/eat/best-usa-travel/top-50-american-foods-513946|title=American food: the 50 greatest dishes|first=Dana|last=Joseph|date=10 May 2012|work=[[CNN Travel]]|access-date=29 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521031011/http://travel.cnn.com/explorations/eat/best-usa-travel/top-50-american-foods-513946|archive-date=21 May 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>]]
American comfort foods may include the following foods:
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* [[Peanut butter]]<ref>{{cite magazine|author1=Karina Martinez-Carter|title=As American as peanut butter|url=https://psmag.com/social-justice/american-peanut-butter-73234|magazine=Pacific Standard|access-date=6 December 2017|date=14 February 2014}}</ref>
* [[Peanut butter and jelly sandwich]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mark |first1=Jorie |title=The Secret To Making The Perfect Peanut Butter And Jelly Sandwich|url=https://www.mashed.com/214783/the-secret-to-making-the-perfect-peanut-butter-and-jelly-sandwich/ |website=Mashed |date=3 June 2020 |access-date=29 September 2023}}</ref>
* [[Pepperoni roll]]s<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sj-r.com/story/news/2008/03/06/boiling-point-pepperoni-rolls-classic/47532846007/|title=Boiling Point: Pepperoni rolls a classic comfort food|date=2008-03-06|access-date=2024-07-27|last=Hillibish|first=Jim|website=The State Journal Register}}</ref>
* [[Pizza]]<ref name=msn33 /><ref name="foodnetworkusa" />
* [[Popcorn]]<ref name="dailyutahchronicle.com"/>
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* [[Red beans and rice]]<ref name=SouthernLiving101 /><ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.southernliving.com/food/classic-southern-comfort-foods/red-beans-and-rice-recipe_2 | title = Chefs' Comfort Food Cook-Off | work = Southern Living | publisher = Time Inc. Lifestyle Group | access-date = 5 August 2015 | archive-date = 14 July 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170714001216/http://www.southernliving.com/food/classic-southern-comfort-foods/red-beans-and-rice-recipe_2 | url-status = dead }}</ref>
* [[Tamale pie]]<ref>{{cite book | last=Gardens | first=B.H. | title=The Ultimate Casseroles Book: More than 400 Heartwarming Dishes from Dips to Desserts | publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt | series=Better Homes and Gardens Ultimate | year=2011 | isbn=978-0-544-18850-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QG97OcDYhQcC&pg=PA83 | access-date=3 July 2016 | page=83}}</ref>
* [[Tapioca pudding]]
* [[Tuna casserole]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Ultimate Comfort Food |url=http://www.cookingchanneltv.com/recipes/comfort-food-recipes.html |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |website= cookingchanneltv.com}}</ref>
{{div col end}}
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* {{commons category-inline|Comfort food}}
{{Lists of prepared foods}}
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