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'''''Caiman''''' is a genus of [[caiman]]s within the [[alligatorid]] [[subfamily (biology)|subfamily]] [[Caimaninae]]. They inhabit [[Central America|Central]] and [[South America]]. They are relatively small sized crocodilians, with all species reaching lengths of only a couple of meters and weighing {{convert|6|to|40|kg|lb|abbr=on}} on average.
==Classification==
The [[genus]] ''Caiman'' contains three [[extant taxon|extant]] (living) species: the [[Broad-snouted caiman]] ("Caiman latirostris"), the [[Spectacled caiman]] (''Caiman crocodilus''), and the [[Yacare caiman]] (''Caiman yacare''). There are also several [[extinct]] fossil species in the genus - possibly up to eight species. The genus ''Caiman'' belongs to the caiman [[subfamily]] [[Caimaninae]], and the relationships of the living species of caimans can be shown in the [[cladogram]] below, based on molecular DNA-based [[phylogenetic]] studies:<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bittencourt |first1=Pedro Senna |last2=Campos |first2=Zilca |last3=Muniz |first3=Fabio de Lima |last4=Marioni |first4=Boris |last5=Souza |first5=Bruno Campos |last6=Da Silveira |first6=Ronis |last7=de Thoisy |first7=Benoit |last8=Hrbek |first8=Tomas |last9=Farias |first9=Izeni Pires |date=22 March 2019 |title=Evidence of cryptic lineages within a small South American crocodilian: the Schneider’s dwarf caiman ''Paleosuchus trigonatus'' (Alligatoridae: Caimaninae) |journal=[[PeerJ]] |volume=7 |page=e6580 |doi=10.7717/peerj.6580 |pmid=30931177 |pmc=6433001 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
{{clade
|label1=[[Alligatoridae]]
|1={{clade
|label1=[[Caimaninae]]
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''Paleosuchus palpebrosus'' [[Cuvier's dwarf caiman]]
|2=''Paleosuchus trigonatus'' [[Schneider's dwarf caiman]] }}
|label2=[[Jacarea]]
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''Caiman crocodilus'' [[Spectacled caiman]]
|2=''Caiman yacare'' [[Yacare caiman]] }}
|2=''Caiman latirostris'' [[Broad-snouted caiman]] }}
|2=''Melanosuchus niger'' [[Black caiman]] }} }}
|label2=[[Alligatorinae]]
|2={{clade
|1=''Alligator sinensis'' [[Chinese alligator]]
|2=''Alligator mississippiensis'' [[American alligator]] }} }} }}
The below detailed cladogram of [[Caimaninae]] includes extinct fossil species, based on [[morphology (biology)|morphological]] analysis:<ref name="Cicade2020">{{Cite journal |last1=Cicade |first1=G.M. |last2=Fortier |first2=D. |last3=Hsiou |first3=A.S. |year=2020 |title=Taxonomic and phylogenetic review of Necrosuchus ionensis (Alligatoroidea: Caimaninae) and the early evolution and radiation of caimanines |journal=[[Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society]] |volume=189 |issue=2 |pages=657–669 |doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz051|doi-access=free }}</ref>
{{clade| style=font-size:85%;line-height:85%
|label1='''[[Caimaninae]]'''
|1={{clade
|1={{extinct}}''[[Culebrasuchus mesoamericanus]]''
|2={{clade
|1={{extinct}}''[[Gnatusuchus pebasensis]]''
|2={{clade
|1={{extinct}}''[[Globidentosuchus brachyrostris]]''
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1={{extinct}}''[[Eocaiman palaeocenicus]]''
|2={{clade
|1={{extinct}}''[[Eocaiman itaboraiensis]]''
|2={{extinct}}''[[Eocaiman cavernensis]]''
}}}}
|2={{clade
|1={{extinct}}''[[Kuttanacaiman iquitosensis]]''
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1={{extinct}}''[[Bottosaurus harlani]]''
|2={{extinct}}''[[Tsoabichi greenriverensis]]''
}}
|2={{clade
|1=''Paleosuchus trigonatus'' [[Smooth-fronted caiman]]
|2=''Paleosuchus palpebrosus'' [[Cuvier's dwarf caiman]]
}}}}
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1={{extinct}}''[[Caiman gasparinae]]''
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1={{extinct}}''[[Mourasuchus amazonensis]]''
|2={{extinct}}''[[Mourasuchus pattersoni]]''
}}
|2={{clade
|1={{extinct}}''[[Mourasuchus atopus]]''
|2={{extinct}}''[[Mourasuchus arendsi]]''
}}}}}}
|label2=[[Jacarea]]
|2={{clade
|1={{extinct}}''[[Necrosuchus ionensis]]''
|2={{extinct}}UCMP 39978
|3={{extinct}}''[[Caiman wannlangstoni]]''
|4={{extinct}}''[[Centenariosuchus gilmorei]]''
|5={{extinct}}''[[Caiman brevirostris]]''
|6=''Melanosuchus niger'' [[Black caiman]]
|7=''Caiman latirostris'' [[Broad-snouted caiman]]
|8=''Caiman yacare'' [[Yacare caiman]]
|9=''Caiman crocodilus'' [[Spectacled caiman]]
|10={{clade
|1={{extinct}}''[[Acresuchus pachytemporalis]]''
|2={{clade
|1={{extinct}}''[[Purussaurus neivensis]]''
|2={{extinct}}''[[Purussaurus mirandai]]''
|3={{extinct}}''[[Purussaurus brasiliensis]]''
}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}
==Characteristics==
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