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{{short description|County in California, United States}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Calaveras County, California
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| 5 = Benjamin Stopper
}}
| leader_title4 = County Administrative
| leader_name4 = Crista Voh Latta
<!-- Population ----------->
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| population_density_sq_mi = auto
| established_title = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
| established_date = February 18, 1850<ref name=csac>{{cite web |url= http://www.counties.org/general-information/chronology |title= Chronology |publisher= California State Association of Counties |access-date= February 6, 2015 |archive-date= January 29, 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160129193152/http://www.counties.org/general-information/chronology |url-status= dead }}</ref>
| timezone = [[Pacific Time Zone]]
|utc_offset = −8
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}}
'''Calaveras County''' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|k|æ|l|ə|ˈ|v|ɛr|ə|s|audio=En-us-calaveras.ogg}}), officially the '''County of Calaveras''', is a [[County (United States)|county]] in both the [[Gold Country]] and [[Sierra Nevada (U.S.)|High Sierra]] regions of the U.S. state of [[California]]. As of the [[
[[Calaveras Big Trees State Park]], a preserve of [[giant sequoia]] trees, is in the county several miles east of the town of [[Arnold, California|Arnold]] on [[California State Route 4|State Highway 4]]. Credit for the discovery of giant sequoias there is given to Augustus T. Dowd, a trapper who made the discovery in 1852 while tracking a bear. When the bark from the "[[Discovery Tree]]" was removed and taken on tour around the world, the trees became a worldwide sensation and one of the county's first tourist attractions. The uncommon [[gold telluride]] mineral [[calaverite]] was discovered in the county in 1861 and is named for it.
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== Etymology ==
The Spanish word ''calaveras'' means "skulls." The county takes its name from the [[Calaveras River]]; it was said to have been named by Spanish explorer [[Gabriel Moraga]], during his 1806–1808 expeditions, when he found many [[Human skull|skulls]] of [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] along the banks of the stream. He believed they had either died of famine or been killed in tribal conflicts over hunting and fishing grounds. A more likely cause was a European epidemic disease, acquired from interacting with other tribes near the Missions on the coast. The [[Stanislaus River]], which forms the southern boundary, is named for [[Estanislao]], a [[Lakisamni]] [[Yokuts]] who escaped from [[Mission San Jose (California)|Mission San Jose]] in the late 1830s. He is reported to have raised a small group of men with crude weapons, hiding in the foothills when the Mexicans attacked. The natives were quickly decimated by Mexican
In 1836, [[John Marsh (pioneer)|John Marsh]], [[Jose Noriega]], and a party of men went exploring in Northern California. They made camp along a river bed in the evening, and upon waking discovered that they had camped amid a great quantity of skulls and bones. They also gave the river the name Calaveras.<ref>Lyman, George D. ''John Marsh, Pioneer: The Life Story of a Trail-blazer on Six Frontiers,'' pp. 207–8, The Chautauqua Press, Chautauqua, New York, 1931.</ref><ref>Winkley, John W., ''Dr. John Marsh: Wilderness Scout,'' pp. 54–5, The Parthenon Press, Nashville, Tennessee, 1962.</ref><ref>Thompson, Thomas Hinkley, and West, Albert Augustus. ''History of San Joaquin County, California,'' p. 13, 1879.</ref>
Mark Twain spent 88 days in the county in 1865, during which he heard the story that became "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County" at the Angel Hotel. This story kicked off his career and put Calaveras County on the map.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-calaveras-county-marijuana-20180228-htmlstory.html|title=A rural county legalized marijuana farms. It took their tax money – then voted to ban them|last=Parvini|first=Sarah|date=February 28, 2018|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|language=en-US|access-date=October 3, 2019}}</ref>
==History==
Calaveras County was one of the original counties of the state of California, created in 1850 at the time of admission to the [[United States|Union]]. Parts of the county's territory were reassigned to [[Amador County, California|Amador County]] in 1854 and to [[Alpine County, California|Alpine County]] in 1864.<ref name=csac/>
The county's geography includes
'''Gold prospecting''' in Calaveras County began in late 1848 with a camp founded by Henry Angel. Angel may have first arrived in California as a soldier, serving under Colonel Frémont during the Mexican War. After the war's end, he found himself in Monterey where he heard of the fabulous finds in the gold fields. He joined the Carson-Robinson party of prospectors and set out for the mines. The company parted ways upon reaching what later became known as Angels Creek. Henry Angel tried placer mining but soon opened a trading post. By the end of the year, over one hundred tents were scattered about the creek and the settlement was referred to as Angels Trading Post, later shortened to [[Angels Camp]].
[[Placer mining]] soon gave out around the camp, but an extensive gold-bearing quartz vein of the area's Mother Lode was located by the Winter brothers during the mid-1850s, and this brought in the foundations of a permanent town. This vein followed Main Street from Angels Creek up to the southern edge of Altaville. Five major mines worked the rich vein: the Stickle, the Utica, the Lightner, the Angels, and the Sultana. These mines reached their peaks during the 1880s and 1890s, when over 200 stamp mills crushed quartz ore brought in by hand cars on track from the mines. By the time hard rock mining was done, the five mines had
The [[telluride (chemistry)|telluride]] mineral [[calaverite]] was first recognized and obtained in 1861 from the Stanislaus Mine, Carson Hill, [[Angels Camp]], in Calaveras Co., California.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mindat.org/min-852.html|title=Calaverite: Calaverite mineral information and data.|website=www.mindat.org|access-date=March 25, 2018}}</ref> It was named for the County of origin by chemist and mineralogist [[Frederick Augustus Genth]] who differentiated it from the known gold telluride mineral [[sylvanite]], and formally reported it as a new gold mineral in 1868.<ref>American Journal of Science. (2). xlv, p. 314.</ref><ref>http://www.libraries.psu.edu/content/dam/psul/up/emsl/documents/circulars/circular27.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304225328/http://www.libraries.psu.edu/content/dam/psul/up/emsl/documents/circulars/circular27.pdf |date=March 4, 2012 }} Biographical paper on F. A. Genth</ref>
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|2010= 45578
|2020= 45292
|estyear=2023
|estimate=46565
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.html|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=March 26, 2024}}</ref>
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=Census of Population and Housing from 1790-2000|publisher=[[US Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 24, 2022}}</ref><br />1790–1960<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu|title=Historical Census Browser|publisher=University of Virginia Library|access-date=September 24, 2015}}</ref> 1900–1990<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/ca190090.txt|title=Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990|publisher=United States Census Bureau|editor-last=Forstall|editor-first=Richard L.|date=March 27, 1995|access-date=September 24, 2015}}</ref><br />1990–2000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf|title=Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000|publisher=United States Census Bureau|date=April 2, 2001|access-date=September 24, 2015}}</ref> 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2/> 2020<ref name=2020CensusP2/>
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===2020 census===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+'''Calaveras County, California – Racial and ethnic composition'''<br><small>{{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos
!Race / Ethnicity <small>(''NH = Non-Hispanic'')</small>
!Pop
!Pop
!{{partial|Pop 2020}}<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Calaveras County, California|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=0500000US06009&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!% 2000
!% 2010
!{{partial|% 2020}}
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] alone (NH)
|35,465
|38,074
|83.54%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |76.54%
▲|76.54%
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] alone (NH)
|300
|355
|style='background: #ffffe6; |334
|0.78%▼
|0.74%
▲|0.78%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.74%
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH)
|607
|526
|style='background: #ffffe6; |497
|1.15%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |1.10%
▲|1.10%
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone (NH)
|322
|529
|style='background: #ffffe6; |706
|1.16%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |1.56%
|-
|[[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] alone (NH)
|71
|style='background: #ffffe6; |75
|0.16%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.17%
▲|0.17%
|-
|[[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|
|40
|68
|style='background: #ffffe6; |268
|0.15%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.59%
▲|0.59%
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed Race
|1,019
|1,252
|style='background: #ffffe6; |2,879
|2,879▼
|2.75%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |6.36%
▲|6.36%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race)
|4,703
|style='background: #ffffe6; |5,865
|6.82%
|10.32%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |12.95%
▲|12.95%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''40,554'''
|'''45,578'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''45,292'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''100.00%'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''100.00%'''
|}
▲''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.''
=== 2011 ===
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Supervisors are elected by district at the Consolidated Primary Election and serve for four years.
Current Board of Supervisors:
Gary Tofanelli (District 1); Jack Garamendi (District 2);
In January
===Elections and politics===
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! colspan="3" | Population and registered voters
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align: left;" | Total eligible population<ref name="2022reg">{{cite web |title=Statement of Vote, November 8, 2022, General Election |url=https://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/sov/2022-general/sov/complete.pdf |website=California Secretary of State |publisher=California Secretary of State |access-date=
| colspan="2" | 36,563
|-
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==== Overview ====
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
▲|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"
! colspan="3" | Election results from statewide races
|-
|-
|-
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===Public transportation===
[[Calaveras
===Airports===
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===Other communities===
{{Div col|colwidth=18em}}
*[[Cave City, California|Cave City]]
*[[Douglas Flat, California|Douglas Flat]]
*[[Glencoe, California|Glencoe]]
*[[Sheep Ranch, California|Sheep Ranch]]
▲*[[Cave City, California|Cave City]]
*[[Milton, California|Milton]]
*[[Paloma, California|Paloma]]
*[[Sheep Ranch, California|Sheep Ranch]]
*[[Wilseyville, California|Wilseyville]]
{{div col end}}
===Former settlements===
*[[Camanche, California|Camanche]]
*[[Poverty Bar]]
===Special districts===
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===Population ranking===
{{update|section|date=November 2023}}
The population ranking of the following table is based on the [[2010 United States census|2010 census]] of Calaveras County.<ref>[https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade.2010.html 2010 Census<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
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==Further reading==
* ''A Memorial and Biographical History of the Counties of Merced, Stanislaus, Calaveras, Tuolumne and Mariposa, California.'' Chicago: Lewis Publishing Co., 1892.
* "Tuolumne-Calaveras Unit: 2005 Pre-Fire Management Plan September 28, 2005 Edition," California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection,
* United States Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics.
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