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Case Western Reserve University is a member of the [[Association of American Universities]] and is [[Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education|classified]] among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity".<ref name="Carnegie_classification">{{cite web |title=Carnegie Classifications – Institution Profile |url=https://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/lookup/view_institution.php?unit_id=201645 |access-date=March 30, 2020 |publisher=Indiana University Center for Postsecondary Research |archive-date=September 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924023810/https://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/lookup/view_institution.php?unit_id=201645 |url-status=dead }}</ref> According to the [[National Science Foundation]], in 2019 the university had [[research and development]] (R&D) expenditures of $439 million, ranking it 20th among private institutions and 58th in the nation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NSF Rankings by total R&D expenditures |url=https://ncsesdata.nsf.gov/profiles/site?method=rankingBySource&ds=herd}}</ref>
As of April 2024, two2 [[Surgeon General of the United States|Surgeons General of the United States]], one1 [[Justice of the United States Supreme Court]], five5 [[Lists of Olympic medalists|Olympic medallists]], one1 [[Donald A. Thomas|NASA astronaut]], three3 billionaires, 69 appointees to the [[National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine|National Academies]], and 17 [[#Nobel laureates|Nobel laureates]] are numbered among Case Western Reserve University faculty or alumni, or one of its predecessors prior to federation.<ref>{{Citation |title=The World's Billionaires |date=2024-04-17 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_World%27s_Billionaires&oldid=1219403571 |access-date=2024-05-11 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=List of Case Western Reserve University people |date=2024-03-04 |work=Wikipedia |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Case_Western_Reserve_University_people&oldid=1211786063 |access-date=2024-04-19 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-03-29 |title=The National Academies {{!}} Institutional Research {{!}} Case Western Reserve University |url=https://case.edu/ir/faculty-honors-and-awards/the-national-academies |access-date=2024-05-13 |website=case.edu |language=en}}</ref> The [[Michelson–Morley experiment]] disproved the existence of the "luminiferous aether" and confirmed that light did not need a medium of travel. It was conducted in the basement of a Western Reserve University dormitory in 1887, and [[Albert A. Michelson]] became the first American to win the [[Nobel Prize]] in science.
==History==
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