Content deleted Content added
→top: add "use mdy dates" template |
m Space. |
||
| (4 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown) | |||
Line 1:
{{Short description| Town in the state of Maine, United States}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Castine, Maine
Line 18:
|pushpin_label = Castine
|pushpin_label_position = left<!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
|pushpin_map_caption =
|pushpin_mapsize =
|image_map =
|mapsize =
|map_caption =
Line 60:
<!-- Population -->
|population_as_of = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
|population_est =
|pop_est_as_of =
|population_footnotes =
|population_total = 1320
|population_density_km2 = 65.5
Line 87:
}}
'''Castine''' ({{IPAc-en|k|æ|s||'|t|iː|n}} {{respell|kas|TEEN}}) is a [[New England town|town]] in [[Hancock County, Maine|Hancock County]] in eastern [[Maine]], United States.{{sfnp|Dunn|2004}}<ref name=Daigle>{{cite book |last=Daigle|first=Jean |editor1=Phillip Buckner |editor2=John G. Reid |title=The Atlantic Region to Confederation: A History |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P2spDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA71 |year=1994|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=978-1-4875-1676-5 |page=71|chapter=1650–1686: 'Un Pays Qui n'Est Pas Fait' |jstor=10.3138/j.ctt15jjfrm.10}}; John Faragher. ''Great and Nobel Scheme''. 2005. p. 68.</ref>
The population was 1,320 at the [[2020 United States Census|2020 census]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=0600000US2300911265|title=Census - Geography Profile: Castine town, Hancock County, Maine|access-date=January 20, 2022}}</ref> Castine is the home of [[Maine Maritime Academy]], a four-year institution that graduates officers and engineers for the [[United States Merchant Marine]] and marine related industries. Called Majabigwaduce by [[Tarrantine]] [[Abenaki]] [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Indians]], Castine is one of the oldest towns in [[New England]], predating the [[Plymouth Colony]] by seven years. Situated on [[Penobscot Bay]], it is near the site of historic [[Fort Pentagouet]]
During the 17th and early 18th century, New France defined the [[Kennebec River]] as the southern boundary of Acadia, which put Castine within Acadia.<ref>The French declared the southern boundary of Acadia to be the Kennebec River in 1687. See {{harvp|Griffiths|2005|p=61}}; Campbell, Gary. The Road to Canada: The Grand Communications Route from Saint John to Quebec. Goose Lane Editions and The New Brunswick Heritage Military Project. 2005.p. 21. The village, however, was English and the New Englanders considered it the northern boundary (See Benjamin Church. The History of King Phillips War. 1825. p. 181).</ref><ref>John Ried. International Region of the Northeast. In Buckner, Campbell, and Frank (eds). The Acadiensis Reader: Volume One: Atlantic Canada Before Confederation. 1998. p. 40</ref> The town is named after [[Jean-Vincent d'Abbadie de Saint-Castin]].▼
During the French colonial period of the 17th and early 18th century, Castine was the southern tip of [[Acadia]], with
==History==▼
▲
The town is named after [[Jean-Vincent d'Abbadie de Saint-Castin]].
===Contested territory===▼
▲==History==
[[Image:The waterfront in Castine, ME IMG 2361.JPG|200px|left|thumb|Waterfront in Castine]]
Its commanding position at the mouth of the [[Penobscot River]] [[estuary]], a lucrative source of [[fur trading|furs]] and [[timber]], as well as a major transportation route into the interior, made the peninsula occupied by the present-day town of Castine of particular interest to European Colonialization in the 17th century.
▲Called Majabigwaduce by [[Tarrantine]] [[Abenaki]] [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Indians]], Castine is one of the oldest towns in [[New England]], predating the [[Plymouth Colony]] by seven years. Situated on [[Penobscot Bay]], it is near the site of [[Fort Pentagouet]], which many{{Who|date=April 2011}} consider to be the oldest permanent settlement in New England.{{Citation needed|date=April 2011}} Few places in New England have had a more tumultuous history than Castine, which proclaims itself the "battle line of four nations."<ref name="History of Castine, Maine">[http://www.newenglandtravelplanner.com/go/me/castine/history.html History of Castine, Maine]</ref>
| last = Varney | first = George J. | title = Gazetteer of the state of Maine. Castine | place = Boston▼
| publisher = Russell | year = 1886 | url = http://history.rays-place.com/me/castine-me.htm | access-date = April 28, 2008▼
| archive-date = May 9, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080509183405/http://history.rays-place.com/me/castine-me.htm | url-status = dead }}</ref>▼
▲ | title = Gazetteer of the state of Maine. Castine
▲ | url = http://history.rays-place.com/me/castine-me.htm
▲ | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080509183405/http://history.rays-place.com/me/castine-me.htm
▲===Contested territory===
Castine was founded in the winter of 1613, when Acadian leader [[Claude de Saint-Étienne de la Tour]] established a small [[trading post]] to conduct business with the Tarrantine Indians (now called the [[Penobscot people|Penobscots]]).<ref name=Coolidge>{{Cite book |last1=Coolidge |first1=Austin J. |first2=John B. |last2=Mansfield |title=A History and Description of New England |publisher=A.J. Coolidge |year=1859 |location=Boston, Massachusetts |pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OcoMAAAAYAAJ/page/n121 87]–90 |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OcoMAAAAYAAJ|quote=coolidge mansfield history description new england 1859. }}</ref>{{failed verification|date=August 2015}}
[[File:Castine hist.JPG|thumb|220px|Marker commemorating the [[Dutch Empire|Dutch]] conquest of [[Acadia]] (1674), which was renamed [[New Holland (Acadia)|New Holland]]. This is the spot where [[Jurriaen Aernoutsz]] buried a bottle at the capital of Acadia, [[Fort Pentagouët]], Castine, Maine.]]
After the trading post was established at Castine, a raid by English captain [[Samuel Argall]] at [[Mount Desert Island]] in 1613 signaled the start of a long-running dispute over the boundary between French Acadia to the north and the English colonies to the south. There is evidence that de La Tour immediately challenged the English action by re-establishing his trading post in the wake of Argall's raid.{{sfnp|Griffiths|2005|p=31}} [[John Smith of Jamestown|Captain John Smith]] charted the area in 1614 and referred to French traders in the vicinity. In 1625, [[Charles de Saint-Étienne de la Tour]] erected a fort named [[Fort Pentagouet]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.castine.me.us/display.phtml?tid=9 |title=Town of Castine |access-date=2014-11-10 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070721161437/http://www.castine.me.us/display.phtml?tid=9 |archive-date=2007-07-21 }}</ref> English colonists from the [[Plymouth Colony]] seized it in 1628, and made it an administrative outpost of their colony. Colonial Governor [[William Bradford (Plymouth governor)|William Bradford]] personally traveled there to claim it.▼
In 1613, a raid by English captain [[Samuel Argall]] at [[Mount Desert Island]] signaled the start of a long-running dispute over the boundary between French Acadia to the north and the English colonies to the south. There is evidence that de La Tour immediately challenged the English action by re-establishing his trading post in the wake of Argall's raid.{{sfnp|Griffiths|2005|p=31}} [[John Smith of Jamestown|Captain John Smith]] charted the area in 1614 and referred to French traders in the vicinity.
In 1635, it was retaken by the French and again incorporated into Acadia; Governor [[Isaac de Razilly]] sent [[Charles de Menou d'Aulnay]] de Charnisay to retake the village.<ref>M. A. MacDonald. Fortune and La Tour, p. 63</ref> In 1638, d'Aulnay built a more substantial fort named Fort St. Pierre.{{sfnp|Dunn|2004|p=19}} [[Emmanuel Le Borgne]] with 100 men raided the settlement in 1653.{{sfnp|Griffiths|2005|p=63}} Major General [[Robert Sedgwick]] led 100 New England volunteers and 200 of [[Oliver Cromwell]]'s soldiers on an expedition against Acadia in 1654. Before taking its capital [[Port Royal, Annapolis County, Nova Scotia|Port Royal]], Sedgwick captured and plundered the French settlement at Pentagouêt.{{sfnp|Dunn|2004|p=23}} The English occupied Acadia for the next 16 years.{{sfnp|Dunn|2004|p=24}}▼
▲
In 1635, it was retaken by the French and again incorporated into Acadia; Governor [[Isaac de Razilly]] sent [[Charles de Menou d'Aulnay]] de Charnisay to retake the village.<ref>M. A. MacDonald. Fortune and La Tour, p. 63</ref> In 1638, d'Aulnay built a more substantial fort named Fort St. Pierre.{{sfnp|Dunn|2004|p=19}}
▲
[[File:BaronDeStCastin1881byWill H Lowe Wilson Museum Archives.jpg|left|thumb|[[Jean-Vincent d'Abbadie de Saint-Castin|Baron Jean-Vincent de Saint-Castin]]]]
In 1667, after the [[Treaty of Breda (1667)|Treaty of Breda]] brought peace, French authorities dispatched the [[Jean-Vincent d'Abbadie de Saint-Castin|Baron Jean-Vincent de Saint-Castin]] to take command of Pentagouêt. The baron married an Abenaki woman, the daughter of the [[sachem]] Modockawando. She adopted the French name Mathilde and bore him 10 children.<ref name="acadiansingray.com">http://www.acadiansingray.com/Appendices-Acadian%20Marriages.htm White,''Dictionnaire Acadiennes''</ref> The baron became a widower and then married another Abenaki woman named Marie Pidiwammiskwa who bore him two additional children.<ref name="acadiansingray.com"/> Castine soon became a force in colonial trade and diplomacy.
Castine served as the Acadian regional capital between 1670 and 1674.<ref name=Daigle/>
During the [[Franco-Dutch War]] (1674), Pentagouët and other Acadian ports were captured by the Dutch captain [[Jurriaen Aernoutsz]] who arrived from [[New Amsterdam]], renaming [[Acadia]], [[New Holland (Acadia)|New Holland]]. The Dutch turned the fort's cannon on its own walls and destroyed most of it after the second [[siege]]. Saint-Castin himself retook it in 1676 and renamed the town Bagaduce, a shortened version of Majabigwaduce.
Line 130 ⟶ 133:
===American Revolution===
[[Image:Ruins of Fort George, Castine, ME IMG 2373.JPG|225px|right|thumb|Ruins of former [[Fort George (Castine, Maine)|Fort George]] in Castine]]
{{Main|Penobscot Expedition}}
In early July 1779, nearly three years after the American Patriots had declared independence from Britain, a British naval and military force under the command of [[Francis McLean (British Army officer)|General Francis McLean]] sailed into Castine's commodious harbor, landed troops, and established the colony [[New Ireland (Maine)|New Ireland]]. They began erecting [[Fort George (Castine, Maine)|Fort George]] on one of the highest points of the peninsula. Alarmed by this incursion, the [[Massachusetts General Court|Massachusetts legislature]] dispatched what became known as the [[Penobscot Expedition]]. The military expedition consisted of a fleet of 19 armed vessels and 24 transports, carrying 344 guns, under [[Dudley Saltonstall]], and a land force of about 1,200 men, under General Solomon Lovell, seconded by [[Peleg Wadsworth|Gen. Peleg Wadsworth]]. [[Paul Revere|Col. Paul Revere]] was given charge of the ordnance.
Line 150:
===1820–1960===
[[File:Union war memorial, Castine, ME IMG 2378.JPG|200px|right|thumb|The [[American Civil War|Civil War]] monument on the village green is dedicated "In memory of the soldiers and sailors from Castine who offered their lives in The War for the Preservation of the Union."]]
With the growth of the postwar economy, the town became a prosperous place: the seat of Hancock County and a center for shipbuilding and coastal trading. By the 1820s, it had become a major [[entrepot]] for American fishing fleets on their way to the [[Grand Banks of Newfoundland]]. It also prospered from the lumber industry, in which eastern Maine dominated before the [[American Civil War|Civil War]]. During this period of growth and prosperity, many of the handsome [[Federal style architecture|Federal]] and [[Greek Revival]] style mansions that still grace the village's streets were constructed.
Line 163 ⟶ 161:
===1980s–2000s===
[[Image:Witherle Memorial Library, Castine, ME IMG 2379.JPG|200px|right|thumb|The Witherle Memorial Library]]
[[Image:Unitarian Universalist Church, Castine, ME IMG 2381.JPG|200px|right|thumb|[[Unitarian Universalist Church]] at 86 Court Street in Castine dates to 1790.]]
[[Image:Castine mainstreet.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Main Street toward the Castine dock on a cloudy day]]
[[Image:Castine as view from the waterfront IMG 2368.JPG|200px|right|thumb|Main Street as viewed from the dock on a sunny summer day]]
[[Image:Four Flags antique shop, Castine, ME IMG 2367.JPG|200px|right|thumb|Four Flags gift shop in Castine]]
A key element in the revival of Castine has been the expansion of the [[Maine Maritime Academy]]. Established in 1941 to train merchant seamen, by the 1980s the academy offered a range of courses in engineering, management, transportation, and nautical and ocean science. Its campus, once the home of the Eastern State Normal School, features a library (available to the public) and extensive athletic facilities.
Line 179 ⟶ 171:
==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the town has a total area of {{convert|20.01|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|7.78|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|12.23|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.<ref name ="Gazetteer files">{{cite web|title=US Gazetteer files 2010|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/gazetteer2010.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=
The town is crossed by state routes 166 and 166A. Situated on a peninsula in [[Penobscot Bay]], Castine is bordered by the town of [[Penobscot, Maine|Penobscot]] to the northeast, [[Brooksville, Maine|Brooksville]] across the Bagaduce River to the southeast, and near [[Islesboro, Maine|Islesboro]] to the southwest.
Line 213 ⟶ 205:
===2010 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name ="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=
There were 380 households, of which 15.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.9% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 4.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 49.2% were non-families. 29.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.13 and the average family size was 2.58.
Line 220 ⟶ 212:
===2000 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=
There were 372 households, out of which 18.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.2% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 7.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.3% were non-families. 30.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.16 and the average family size was 2.69.
Line 228 ⟶ 220:
The median income for a household in the town was $46,250, and the median income for a family was $65,500. Males had a median income of $36,250 versus $30,893 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the town was $20,078. About 3.2% of families and 12.0% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 10.9% of those under age 18 and 4.7% of those age 65 or over.
==
[[Image:ChurchCastineMaine.jpg|thumb|right|200px|A view in Castine]]
<!-- Note:
Line 241 ⟶ 233:
* [[Noah Brooks]], journalist, biographer, author
* [[Deborah Joy Corey]], author
* [[Peter Davis (director)|Peter Davis]], Academy Award-winning film director<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.castinehistoricalsociety.org/speakers-and-lectures/|title=Speakers and Lectures|website=Castine Historical Society|language=en-US|access-date=
* [[Molly Dewson]], activist, feminist, America's first female political boss<ref>Partner and I: Molly Dewson, Feminism, and New Deal Politics</ref>
* [[Germain Doucet]], military officer
* [[David Hall (recorded sound archivist)|David Hall]], sound archivist
* [[Elizabeth Hardwick (writer)|Elizabeth Hardwick]], writer, literary critic<ref name="sites.utexas.edu">{{Cite web|url=https://sites.utexas.edu/ransomcentermagazine/2014/07/22/elizabeth-hardwick-letters__trashed/|title=Ransom Center acquires Jon R. Jewett collection of Elizabeth Hardwick materials|website=sites.utexas.edu|access-date=
* [[The Little Locksmith|Katharine Butler Hathaway]], writer
* [[Robert Lowell]], poet<ref name="sites.utexas.edu"/>
* [[Mary McCarthy (author)|Mary McCarthy]], novelist
* [[Don McLean]], singer and songwriter<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangordailynews.com/2015/03/07/living/camden-man-inspires-american-pie-singer-don-mcleans-new-song/|title=Camden man inspires 'American Pie' singer Don McLean's new song|last=Betts|first=Stephen|date=May 7, 2015
* [[Benjamin Milliken]]. American Loyalist
* [[Richard Rosen]], state senator
Line 262 ⟶ 254:
* Bourne, Russell. 1989. "The View from Front Street: Travels through New England's Historic Fishing Communities." New York : W.W. Norton.
* Bourne, Russell. 1990. 'The Red King's Rebellion: Racial politics in New England, 1675–1678." New York, NY: Atheneum, 1990.
* {{cite book |last1=Cornwell |first1=Bernard |title=The Fort|url=https://archive.org/details/fort0000corn|url-access=registration |date=2010|access-date=September 1, 2018
* Doudiet, Ellenore. 1978. "Majabigwaduce: Castine, Penobscot, and Brooksville." Castine, ME: Castine Scientific Society.
* {{cite book|last=Dunn|first=Brenda|title=A History of Port-Royal-Annapolis Royal, 1605-1800|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9c4hPwAACAAJ&pg=PP1|year=2004|publisher=Nimbus|isbn=978-1-55109-740-4}}
* Faulkner, Alaric, 1987. "The French at Pentagoet, 1635–1674: An Archaeological Portrait of the Acadian Frontier."
* {{cite book|last=Griffiths|first=N.E.S.|author-link=Naomi E. S. Griffiths|title=From Migrant to Acadian: A North American Border People, 1604-1755|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cG4wSmIlziYC&pg=PP1|year=2005|publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press|isbn=978-0-7735-2699-0}}
* {{cite book |last= Maine League of Historical Societies and Museums |editor=Doris A. Isaacson |title=Maine: A Guide 'Down East' |year=1970 |publisher=Courier-Gazette, Inc. |location=Rockland, Me | pages = 349–351 }}
Line 277 ⟶ 269:
* [http://www.witherle.lib.me.us/ Witherle Memorial Library]
* [http://www.castinepatriot.com/ ''Castine Patriot'' newspaper]
* [http://history.rays-place.com/me/castine-me.htm History of Castine, Maine (1886)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509183405/http://history.rays-place.com/me/castine-me.htm |date=May 9, 2008
{{Coord|44|23|16|N|68|47|59|W|type:city_region:US-ME|display=title}}
| |||