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|population_as_of = [[2010 United States Census|2010]]
|population_est = 1362
|pop_est_as_of = 2012<ref name="2012 Pop Estimate">{{cite web |title=Population Estimates |url=https://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2012/SUB-EST2012.html |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |accessdate=2013-07-06 |url-status=dead |
|population_footnotes = <ref name ="wwwcensusgov"/>
|population_total = 1366
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Castine was founded in the winter of 1613, when [[Claude de Saint-Étienne de la Tour]] established a small [[trading post]] to conduct business with the Tarrantine Indians (now called the [[Penobscot people|Penobscots]]).<ref name=Coolidge>{{Cite book |last=Coolidge |first=Austin J. |first2=John B. |last2=Mansfield |title=A History and Description of New England |publisher=A.J. Coolidge |year=1859 |location=Boston, Massachusetts |pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OcoMAAAAYAAJ/page/n121 87]–90 |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OcoMAAAAYAAJ|quote=coolidge mansfield history description new england 1859. }}</ref>{{failed verification|date=August 2015}}
[[File:Castine hist.JPG|thumb|220px|Marker commemorating the [[Dutch Empire|Dutch]] conquest of [[Acadia]] (1674), which was renamed [[New Holland (Acadia)|New Holland]]. This is the spot where [[Jurriaen Aernoutsz]] buried a bottle at the capital of Acadia, [[Fort Pentagouët]], Castine, Maine.]]
After the trading post was established at Castine, a raid by English captain [[Samuel Argall]] at [[Mount Desert Island]] in 1613 signaled the start of a long-running dispute over the boundary between French Acadia to the north and the English colonies to the south. There is evidence that de La Tour immediately challenged the English action by re-establishing his trading post in the wake of Argall's raid.{{sfnp|Griffiths|2005|p=31}} [[John Smith of Jamestown|Captain John Smith]] charted the area in 1614 and referred to French traders in the vicinity. In 1625, [[Charles de Saint-Étienne de la Tour]] erected a fort named [[Fort Pentagouet]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.castine.me.us/display.phtml?tid=9 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2014-11-10 |url-status=dead |
In 1635, it was retaken by the French and again incorporated into Acadia; Governor [[Isaac de Razilly]] sent [[Charles de Menou d'Aulnay]] de Charnisay to retake the village.<ref>M. A. MacDonald. Fortune and La Tour, p. 63</ref> In 1638, d'Aulnay built a more substantial fort named Fort St. Pierre.{{sfnp|Dunn|2004|p=19}} [[Emmanuel Le Borgne]] with 100 men raided the settlement in 1653.{{sfnp|Griffiths|2005|p=63}} Major General [[Robert Sedgwick]] led 100 New England volunteers and 200 of [[Oliver Cromwell]]'s soldiers on an expedition against Acadia in 1654. Before taking its capital [[Port Royal, Annapolis County, Nova Scotia|Port Royal]], Sedgwick captured and plundered the French settlement at Pentagouêt.{{sfnp|Dunn|2004|p=23}} The English occupied Acadia for the next 16 years.{{sfnp|Dunn|2004|p=24}}
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* [[Robert Lowell]], poet <ref name="sites.utexas.edu"/>
* [[Mary McCarthy (author)|Mary McCarthy]], novelist
* [[Don McLean]], singer and songwriter<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bangordailynews.com/2015/03/07/living/camden-man-inspires-american-pie-singer-don-mcleans-new-song/|title=Camden man inspires ‘American Pie’ singer Don McLean’s new song|last=Betts|first=Stephen|date=2015-05-07|website=Bangor Daily News|language=en-US|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924124552/http://bangordailynews.com/2015/03/07/living/camden-man-inspires-american-pie-singer-don-mcleans-new-song/|archive-date=2016-09-24
* [[Benjamin Milliken]]. American Loyalist
* [[Bernard-Anselme d'Abbadie de Saint-Castin]], military officer {{Citation needed|date=June 2010}}
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* {{cite book |last1=Cornwell |first1=Bernard |title=The Fort|url=https://archive.org/details/fort0000corn|url-access=registration |date=2010|accessdate=2018-09-01|publisher=HarperCollins |location=New York |isbn=9780007331727}} A historical novel depicting the Penobscot Expedition, with a non-fiction "Historical Note" (pp. 451–468) on sources and key details.
* Doudiet, Ellenore. 1978. "Majabigwaduce: Castine, Penobscot, and Brooksville." Castine, ME: Castine Scientific Society.
* {{cite book|last=Dunn|first=Brenda|title=A History of Port-Royal-Annapolis Royal, 1605-1800|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9c4hPwAACAAJ&pg=PP1|year=2004|publisher=Nimbus|isbn=978-1-55109-740-4
* Faulkner, Alaric, 1987. "The French at Pentagoet, 1635–1674: An Archaeological Portrait of the Acadian Frontier." Augusta, ME: Maine Historic Preservation Commission.
* {{cite book|last=Griffiths|first=N.E.S.|author-link=Naomi E. S. Griffiths|title=From Migrant to Acadian: A North American Border People, 1604-1755|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cG4wSmIlziYC&pg=PP1|year=2005|publisher=McGill-Queen's University Press|isbn=978-0-7735-2699-0
* {{cite book |last= Maine League of Historical Societies and Museums |editor=Doris A. Isaacson |title=Maine: A Guide 'Down East' |year=1970 |publisher=Courier-Gazette, Inc. |location=Rockland, Me | pages = 349–351 }}
* [[George Savary Wasson|Wasson, George Savary]]. 1932. Sailing Days on the Penobscot: The River and Bay as They Were in the Old Days; with a Record of Vessels Built There, Compiled by [[Lincoln Colcord]]. Salem, MA: Marine Research society, 1932.
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