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{{Short description|French psychoanalyst and pacifist}}
'''Charles Baudouin''' ({{IPA-fr|bodwɛ̃|lang}}; 26 July 1893 – August 25, 1963) was a French-Swiss psychoanalyst.
{{Distinguish|Charles Baudouine}}
'''Charles Baudouin''' ({{IPA-fr|bodwɛ̃|lang}}; 26 July 1893 &ndash; August 25, 1963) was a French psychoanalyst and pacifist. His psychoanalytical work combined [[Freudianism]] with elements of the thought of [[Carl Jung]] and [[Alfred Adler]].<ref>Cifali M., 'Charles Baudouin', in ''International Dictionary of Psychoanalysis'', Gale Group, Inc. Reprinted [http://www.answers.com/topic/baudouin-charles here]</ref>
 
==Biography==
Baudouin was born in [[Nancy, France]]. After Instudying literature, Charles Baudouin continued his work,education hein combinedphilosophy [[Freudianism]]at withthe elementsSorbonne, ofwhere he became interested by the thoughtpersonalities of [[CarlPierre JungJanet]] and [[AlfredHenri AdlerBergson]].<ref>Cifali M.In 1913, 'Charlesas Baudouin',a young graduate in ''Internationalphilosophy, DictionaryBaudouin ofwas Psychoanalysis'',interested Galeby Group,the Inc.work Reprintedof [http://www.answers.com/topic/baudouin-charles[Emile hereCoué]]</ref> and Hecontributed died,to agedmaking 70,him in [[Geneva]]famous.
 
In 1915, [[Pierre Bovet]] and [[Edouard Claparède]] invited him to participate in the work of the [[Institute Jean-Jacques Rousseau]], the future Facultyfaculty of Psychologypsychology of the [[University of Geneva]], where he was appointed as a professor. Switzerland also allowed him to get closer to [[Romain Rolland]].▼
After studying literature, Charles Baudouin continued his education in philosophy at the Sorbonne, where he got interested by the personalities of Paul Janet and Henri Bergson. In 1913, as a young graduate in philosophy, Baudouin was interested by the work of Emile Coué and contributed in making him famous.
 
Baudouin madehad his first analysis with Dr. [[Carl Picht3Picht]], a Jungian. After meeting with Sigmund Freud in Vienna in 1926, he began a second "didactic" analysis, from 1926 to 1928, with Dr. [[Charles Odier]], a Freudian of the time. A few years later, he followed up with a new analytical experience with [[Tina Keller]].▼
▲In 1915, Pierre Bovet and Edouard Claparède invited him to participate in the work of the Institute Jean-Jacques Rousseau, the future Faculty of Psychology of the University of Geneva, where he was appointed as a professor. Switzerland also allowed him to get closer to Romain Rolland.
 
He did not neglect the historical foundations of psychoanalysis, particularly the suggestion and hypnosis.▼
▲Baudouin made his first analysis with Dr. Carl Picht3, a Jungian. After meeting with Sigmund Freud in Vienna in 1926, he began a second "didactic" analysis, from 1926 to 1928, with Dr. Charles Odier, a Freudian of the time. A few years later, he followed up with a new analytical experience with Tina Keller.
 
This experience and all his therapeutic practice, including the therapy of children and education4education led him to express the respective contributions of Freud and Jung with his own findings. "Freud or Jung’sJung's alternatives must be overcome, we must be in favor of the psychoanalysis," he said and added, "It's like asking you: Are you for Newton or Einstein? To which there is only one answer: I am for physics.".▼
▲He did not neglect the historical foundations of psychoanalysis, particularly the suggestion and hypnosis.
 
He brought to the psychoanalytic structure his personal contribution, and himself madereaching the conclusion of "De l'instinct à l'esprit." He also wrote the interesting term "Psychagogy" .▼
▲This experience and all his therapeutic practice, including the therapy of children and education4 led him to express the respective contributions of Freud and Jung with his own findings. "Freud or Jung’s alternatives must be overcome, we must be in favor of the psychoanalysis," he said and added, "It's like asking you: Are you for Newton or Einstein? To which there is only one answer: I am for physics."
 
In 1924 he founded the [[International Institute of Psychagogy and Psychotherapy]] under the patronage of Adler, Allendy, Bachelard, Coue, Flournoy, Freud, Hesnard, Janet, Jung, Laforgue, etc. Later the Instituteinstitute was renamed inas tothe International Institute for Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy Charles Baudouin, headquartered in Geneva.▼
▲He brought to the psychoanalytic structure his personal contribution and himself made the conclusion of De l'instinct à l'esprit. He also wrote the interesting term "Psychagogy" .
 
He published a pacifist journal, ''Le Carmel'', published various articles mainly from 1933 to 1935 and, alternately, as of 1917 a monthly magazine ''Les Cahiers du Carmel''. When these journals ceased publication, BaldwinBaudouin replaced them with the ''Bulletin trimestriel de l’Institutl'Institut international de psychagogie'', which became in 1931 the ''[[Action et Pensée]]'' magazine. This is still published twice a year.▼
▲In 1924 he founded the International Institute of Psychagogy and Psychotherapy under the patronage of Adler, Allendy, Bachelard, Coue, Flournoy, Freud, Hesnard, Janet, Jung, Laforgue, etc. Later the Institute was renamed in to International Institute for Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy Charles Baudouin, headquartered in Geneva.
 
In the late 1920s and early 1930s, Baudouin taught French literature and philosophy at the [[International School of Geneva]] (the world's first international school, founded in 1924) .<ref>''Ecole Internationale de Genève, son premier demi-siècle'', Geneva, 1974, pp. 98-99</ref>
▲He published a pacifist journal, Le Carmel, published various articles mainly from 1933 to 1935 and, alternately, as of 1917 a monthly magazine Les Cahiers du Carmel. When these journals ceased publication, Baldwin replaced them with the Bulletin trimestriel de l’Institut international de psychagogie, which became in 1931 the Action et Pensée magazine. This is still published twice a year.
 
Baudouin died, aged 70, in [[Geneva]].
 
==International Institute for Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy Charles Baudouin==
 
The Instituteinstitute was officially founded in Geneva in 1924 by Charles Baudouin as the "Institute of Psychagogy and Psychotherapy". Its patronage committee over time included, Adler, Allendy, Bachelard Besse, Coué, Driesch, Durand, Eliade, Flournoy, Flugel, Freud, Guitton, Hesnard, Huyghe, Janet, Jung, Laforgue, Maeder and Meng. The first directors were Baudouin, Bovet and Claparède.
 
It is the oldest French institute of psychoanalysis.
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==Theoretical concepts of the founders==
{{Context|section|date=October 2021}}
 
Baudouin supports his methodology on three levels (the Psychagogy), depending on the degree of contribution of the unconscious. It therefore has three kinds of methods used separately, sequentially or simultaneously as appropriate:
 
=== From the Conscious to the Conscious: "The educational methods" ===
===From Conscious to conscious: "The educational Methods"<ref>Baudouin Ch., La Force en nous, Nancy-Genève, Ed. de la Société lorraine de Psychologie Appliqué – Ed. du Carmel, 1923, 1950 </ref> <ref>Baudouin Ch., Mobilisation de l’énergie. Éléments de psychagogie théorique et pratique, Ed. Pelman, Paris, 1931 </ref> ===
* Work on the thought, the will, the action,
* Methods close to Psychotherapy of support and cognitive-behavioral.<ref>Baudouin Ch., La Force en nous, Nancy-Genève, Ed. de la Société lorraine de Psychologie Appliqué – Ed. du Carmel, 1923, 1950</ref><ref>Baudouin Ch., Mobilisation de l'énergie. Éléments de psychagogie théorique et pratique, Ed. Pelman, Paris, 1931</ref>
 
=== From the Conscious to the Unconscious: "The suggestive methods" ===
===The* consciousEffect toof thea unconscious:spontaneous "Thesuggestion, suggestiveor methods"induced by a hypnotic process.<ref>Baudouin Ch., Suggestion and autosuggestion : a psychological and pedagogical study based upon the investigations made by the new Nancy school. Translated by Eden and Cedar Paul, 1920 </ref> <ref>Baudouin Ch., Psychologie de la suggestion et autosuggestion, Neuchâtel-Paris, Delachaux&Niestlé, 1924 </ref> <ref>Baudouin Ch., Qu’estQu'est-ce que la suggestion ?, Neuchâtel-Paris, Delachaux&Niestlé, 1924. Paris, Ed. Le Hameau, 1982 </ref> ===
* Effect of a spontaneous suggestion, or induced by a hypnotic process.
 
===From the Unconscious to the Unconscious "The psychoanalytic methods" ===
===From the unconscious to the unconscious "The psychoanalytic methods"<ref>Baudouin Ch., L’Âme enfantine et la psychanalyse, Neuchâtel-Paris, Delachaux&Niestlé, 1931. Deuxième édition augmentée 1951, 1964 </ref><ref name="brouwer">Baudouin Ch., De l’instinct à l’esprit, Paris, Desclée de Brouwer, 1950. Neuchâtel-Paris, Delachaux&Niestlé, 1970. Paris, Ed. Imago, 2007.</ref> ===
Baudouin based the psychoanalytic synthesis primarily on Freudian, Jungian and Adlerian based concepts, plus his own, clearing the vibrant and dynamic complementarity. BaldwinBaudouin brings together in one representation the scheme of "the seven partners of Methe Ego"12, including:<ref>Baudouin Ch., L'Âme enfantine et la psychanalyse, Neuchâtel-Paris, Delachaux&Niestlé, 1931. Deuxième édition augmentée 1951, 1964</ref><ref name="brouwer">Baudouin Ch., De l'instinct à l'esprit, Paris, Desclée de Brouwer, 1950. Neuchâtel-Paris, Delachaux&Niestlé, 1970. Paris, Ed. Imago, 2007.</ref>
 
* Three Freudian instances, of it (or primary)Es, the egoEgo and the superegoSuper-ego,
* Three Jungian instances, the personaPersona, the shadowShadow and the Self,
* One Baudouinienne instance, the automatismAutomatism.
 
Of their oppositions, agreements or complementarity, the always shifting balance of the psychic system will depend.
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==Works==
 
Through his numerous books and conferences, Baudouin promoted psychoanalysis not only in French-speaking countries but around the world. He is alsoa oneprecursor ofin thea initiatorsnumber of thefields (art, psychoanalysis.education, suggestion, and hypnosis) and Somesome books have been translated in German, English, Spanish, Italian, Norwegian and Swedish. A valuable collection of his essays, Contemporary Studies (1925) includes "The Linguistic International ([[Esperanto]])." His speech in Esperanto given during the 'somera universitato' as part of an international Esperanto Congress in Geneva (1925), was published under the title ''La arto de memdisciplino''.
 
=== Some books in English ===
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* ''The Inner Life and Individualism''. Translated by Cedar Paul, 1924.
* ''The Mind of the Child A Psychoanalytical Study''. Translated by Eden and Cedar Paul, 1933.
* ''The Myth of Modernity''. Translated by [[Bernard Miall]], 1950.
 
=== Psychoanalytical books in French ===
 
* ''Suggestion et autosuggestion'', Neuchâtel-Paris, Delachaux&Niestlé, 1919, 1922, 1938 et 1951.
Line 71 ⟶ 75:
* ''La Force en nous'', Nancy-Genève, Ed. de la Société lorraine de Psychologie Appliqué – Ed. du Carmel, 1923, 1950.
* ''Psychologie de la suggestion et autosuggestion'', Neuchâtel-Paris, Delachaux&Niestlé, 1924.
* ''Qu’estQu'est-ce que la suggestion ?'', Neuchâtel-Paris, Delachaux&Niestlé, 1924. Paris, Ed. Le Hameau, 1982.
* ''Psychanalyse de l’artl'art'', Paris, Alcan, 1929.
* ''Mobilisation de l’énergiel'énergie. Éléments de psychagogie théorique et pratique'', Ed. Pelman, Paris, 1931.
* ''L’ÂmeL'Âme enfantine et la psychanalyse'', Neuchâtel-Paris, Delachaux&Niestlé, 1931. Deuxième édition augmentée 1951, 1964.
* ''La psychanalyse'', Paris, Hermann, 1939.
* ''Découverte de la Personne. Esquisse d’und'un personnalisme analytique'', Paris, Alcan, 1940.
* ''L’ÂmeL'Âme et l’actionl'action. Prémisses d’uned'une philosophie de la psychanalyse'', Genève, Mont-Blanc, 1944, 1969. Paris, Ed. Imago, 2006. (Prix Amiel)
* ''Introduction à l’analysel'analyse des rêves'', Genève, Mont-Blanc, 1942. Ed. l'Arche, 1950.
* ''De l’instinctl'instinct à l’espritl'esprit'', Paris, Desclée de Brouwer, 1950. Neuchâtel-Paris, Delachaux&Niestlé, 1970. Paris, Ed. Imago, 2007.
* ''Y a-t-il une science de l’âmel'âme ?'', Paris, Fayard, 1957.
* ''Psychanalyse du symbole religieux'', Paris, Fayard, 1961. Paris, Ed. Imago, 2006.
* ''L’œuvreL'œuvre de Jung et la psychologie complexe'', Paris, Payot, 1963.
* ''Christophe le Passeur'', Paris, La Colombe, 1964. Paris, Le courrier du livre, 1984.
 
=== Other books in French ===
* ''Culture de la force morale'', Société lorraine de psychologie appliquée, 1917.
* ''Romain Rolland calomnié'', Genève, Le Carmel, 1918.
* ''Tolstoi éducateur'', Neuchâtel-Paris, Delachaux&Niestlé, 1921.
* ''Le Symbole chez Verhaeren'', Genève, Ed. Mongenet, 1924.
* ''La Discipline intérieure'', (avec {{Dr}} Laestchinski) Genève, Forum, 1924.
* ''Émile Coué'', Lausanne, La Concorde, 1927.
* ''Carl Spitteler'', Bruxelles, Les Cahiers du journal de poètes, 1938.
* ''Jean-Louis Claparède'', Neuchâtel-Paris, Delachaux&Niestlé, 1939.
* ''Douceur de France'', Lausanne, L’AbbayeL'Abbaye du Livre, 1941.
* ''Tenir, Causeries sur le courage quotidien'', Neuchâtel-Paris, Delachaux&Niestlé, 1942.
* ''James Vibert'', La Chaux-de-Fonds, Nouveaux Cahiers, 1943.
* ''Psychanalyse de Victor Hugo'', Genève, Éditions du Mont-Blanc, 1943. Paris, Armand Colin, 1972. Paris, Ed. Imago, 2008.
* ''Éclaircie sur l’Europel'Europe'', Lausanne, L’AbbayeL'Abbaye du Livre, 1944.
* ''Hommage à Romain Rolland'', Genève, Mont-Blanc, 1945.
* ''René Allendy. 1889-1942'', Genève, Mont-Blanc, 1945.
Line 105 ⟶ 109:
* ''Alexandre Mairet'', Genève, Cahiers du Carmel, 1947.
* ''Le Triomphe du héros'', Paris, Plon, 1950.
* ''Blaise Pascal ou l’ordrel'ordre du cœur'', Paris, Plon, 1962.
* ''Jean Racine, l'enfant du désert'', Paris, Plon, 1963.
 
Line 112 ⟶ 116:
* ''Générations'', Paris, Grasset, 1928.
* ''Printemps anxieux'', Paris, Grasset, 1929.
* ''L’ÉveilL'Éveil de Psyché'', 1928, Paris, Psyché, 1947.
 
=== Poetry in French ===
* ''En sourdine'', Paris, Paris-Revue, 1915.
* ''Éclats d’obusd'obus'', Genève-Paris, Cahiers du Carmel, 1917.
* ''L’ArcheL'Arche flottante'', Genève, Le Carmel, 1919.
* ''Baptismales'', Genève, Le Carmel, 1919.
* ''Ecce Homo'', Genève, Le Carmel, 1921.
Line 127 ⟶ 131:
* ''Le voile de la danse'', Vésenaz, P. Cailler, 1945.
* ''Rose des ruines'', Genève, Cahier du Carmel, 1945.
* ''Livres d’imagesd'images'', Lyon, Henneuse, 1953.
* ''Il libro delle ore'', Siena, Casa Editrice Maia, 1959.
* ''Paroles sur des vieux airs'', Genève, [[Éditions Perret-Gentil]], 1960.
* ''Deux rondeaux pour chant et piano'', Genève, 1960.
* ''Trois rondels pour quatre voix mixte'', Genève, 1960.
* ''Florilège poétique'', Blainville-sur-Mer, L’amitiéL'amitié par le livre, 1964.
 
=== Translation in French ===
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Charles Baudouin archives can be consulted in the following locations:
 
* The Geneva[[Bibliothèque Libraryde Genève]]
* The Carouge Museum in Carouge (Geneva),
* The Jean-Jacques Rousseau Institute in Geneva,
* The Archives of the International Institute of Psychoanalysis and psychotherapy Charles Baudouin in Geneva,
* The Swiss Literary Archives in Bern,
* The National[[Bibliothèque Librarynationale ofde France]] in Paris.
 
 
==References==
{{reflist}}
 
==Further reading==
* Perraud O., ''Charles Baudouin - La Psychagogie ou l'Education permanente'', Paris, Millas-Martin, 1966.
* Baroni C., ''Charles Baudouin'', Nyon, Lueur d'Espoir, 1999.
* Blum A., ''Correspondance entre Romain Rolland et Charles Baudouin (1916-1944)'', Cesura, 2000.
* Piron C., ''La psychothérapie intégrative selon Baudouin'' in ''Traité de Psychothérapie comparée'' sous la direction de Duruz N. et Gennart M., Genève, Médecine&Hygiène, 2002 (pp.&nbsp;154–178).
* Ruchat M., Magnin C., (sous la direction), ''Je suis celui qu'on ne connait pas et qui passe - Charles Baudouin (1893-1963)'', Lausanne, Lep Loisirs et Pédagogie, 2005.
* Ruchat M., Blum A., Jakubec D., ''Charles Baudouin - Un pays et des hommes - carnet de route (1915-1919)'', Lausanne, Editions l'Age d'Homme, 2014.
 
==External links==
{{Wikisource author}}
{{wikiquote}}
*{{worldcat id|lccn-n50-5410}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20021013111045/http://www.institut-baudouin.org/ International Institute for Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy Charles Baudouin]
 
{{Authority control}}
 
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
| NAME = Baudouin, Charles
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = French-Swiss psychologist
| DATE OF BIRTH = 26 July 1893
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = August 25, 1963
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Baudouin, Charles}}
[[Category:1893 births]]
[[Category:1963 deaths]]
[[Category:French psychoanalysts]]
[[Category:Swiss20th-century French psychologists]]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Baudouin"