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==Life==
[[File:Facade of Saint Patrick's by David Shankbone.jpg|250px|thumb|right|Exterior of Connick's rose window at [[St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York]]]]
Born in Springboro in [[Crawford County, Pennsylvania]] on September 27, 1875, Connick moved with his family to Pittsburgh when he was eight years old. Bullied by city children who made fun of his countrified attire, Connick would stay indoors during [[Recess (break)|recess]] and draw with [[crayon]]s, and thereby developed an interest in drawing and color at a young age.<ref name="trib-review">{{cite news | url=http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/focus/s_599003.html | title=Pittsburgh stained-glass artist's work beautifies region | first=Sandra Fischione | last=Donovan | newspaper=Pittsburgh Tribune-Review | date=November 23, 2008 | accessdate=November 12, 2009 | archive-url=https://archive.is/20120913080101/http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/focus/s_599003.html# | archive-date=September 13, 2012 | dead-url-status=yesdead | df=mdy-all }}</ref> When obligated to leave high school when his father was disabled, he became an illustrator on the staff of the ''[[Pittsburgh Press]]''.<ref>{{cite book | last=Tannler | first=Albert M. | title=Charles J. Connick: His Education and His Windows in and Near Pittsburgh'' | publisher=Pittsburgh History & Landmarks Foundation | date=December 2008 | ISBN=0-9788284-3-7 }}</ref>
 
At the age of 19, Connick became apprenticed in the production of stained glass windows at the shop of Rudy Brothers in Pittsburgh, where he stayed through 1899. He left for work in Boston for two years, returning to Pittsburgh in 1903 and worked for a number of stained-glass companies both in Pittsburgh and New York.<ref name="men of mark"/><ref name="trib-review"/> Connick also studied drawing and painting in night classes and went to England and France to study ancient and modern stained glass, including those in the [[Chartres Cathedral]], in which he examined the effect of light and optics that had been employed in the 12th and 13th centuries, but which he perceived to be neglected since.<ref name="trib-review"/><ref name="detroit">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SiUsbJk-1KMC&lpg=PA150&ots=SMdwegoLme&dq=charles%20jay%20connick%20was%20born&pg=PA150#v=onepage&q=charles%20jay%20connick%20was%20born&f=false | title=Discovering stained glass in Detroit | last1=Tutag | first1=Nola Huse | year=1987 | page=150 | publisher=Wayne State University Press | ISBN=0-8143-1875-4 | accessdate=November 12, 2009}}</ref> Connick was also influenced by English [[Arts and Crafts Movement]] stained glass artist [[Christopher Whall]].<ref>{{cite book | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080512043943/http://www.morrissociety.org/newsltrs/newsltr-july01.html| url=http://www.morrissociety.org/newsltrs/newsltr-july01.html | first=Peter | last=Cormack | title=The Stained Glass Work of Christopher Whall 1849–1924 | publisher= Boston Public Library and the Charles J. Connick Stained Glass Foundation | archivedate=May 12, 2008| year=1999 | ISBN=0-89073-091-1}}</ref>
 
Connick's first major work, the First Baptist Church in Pittsburgh, was completed in 1912.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://kdka.com/kdcountry/Stained.glass.windows.2.1016788.html | title=KD Country: Stained Glass Windows | publisher=KDKA | date=May 22, 2009 | accessdate=November 12, 2009 }}{{dead link|date=August 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Connick settled in Boston where he opened his stained glass studio at Nine Harcourt Street, [[Back Bay, Boston]] in 1913.<ref name="studio">{{cite web | url=http://www.cjconnick.org/history.php | title=History of the Connick Studio | publisher=The Charles J. Connick Stained Glass Foundation Ltd. | accessdate=November 12, 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725113701/http://www.cjconnick.org/history.php | archive-date=July 25, 2008 | dead-url-status=yesdead | df=mdy-all }}</ref> From there until his death, Connick designed and produced many notable stained glass windows including the [[rose window]]s of the Cathedrals of [[St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York|St. Patrick]] and [[Cathedral Church of Saint John the Divine|St. John the Divine]] in New York City, and windows in the [[Princeton University Chapel]], the [[American Church in Paris]], and in the [[Calvary Episcopal Church (Pittsburgh)|Calvary Episcopal]] and [[Cathedral of Hope (Pittsburgh)|East Liberty Presbyterian]] churches in Pittsburgh. One of his largest works is in the [[Heinz Memorial Chapel]] at the [[University of Pittsburgh]]. Heinz Chapel has the distinction of having all of its 23 windows ({{convert|4000|sqft|m2}}) designed by Connick, including its 73-foot (22 m) tall transept windows which are among the tallest such windows in the world.<ref>{{cite journal | url=http://www.popcitymedia.com/features/heinzchapel.aspx | title=Heinz Chapel Unveiled | first=Barbara Diven | last=Machamer | date=May 31, 2006 | journal=[[Pop City]] | publisher=Issue Media Group | location=Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania | accessdate=November 12, 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010155848/http://www.popcitymedia.com/features/heinzchapel.aspx# | archive-date=October 10, 2017 | dead-url-status=yesdead | df=mdy-all }}</ref>
 
Connick also authored the book ''Adventures in Light and Color'', modestly subtitled ''An Introduction to the Stained Glass Craft'', as well as a series for [[Random House]] titled ''International Studio'' (1923–24).<ref name="askart" />
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==Studio==
In many respects, Connick's Boston studio was the arts and crafts ideal in that the art was produced by a community of committed craftsmen. At its height in the 1930s, forty to fifty men and women worked at the studio, which, as Connick wrote in his will, was "only incidentally a business."<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.cjconnick.org/history.php | title=History of the Connick Studio | publisher=The Charles J. Connick Stained Glass Foundation, Ltd. | date=April 2011 | accessdate=June 28, 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725175531/http://www.cjconnick.org/history.php | archive-date=July 25, 2011 | dead-url-status=yesdead | df=mdy-all }}</ref> A reporter visiting his studio in 1931 remarked on the atmosphere of mutual respect that was present there saying "Attitude to his co-designers [is] that of one artist to another...He [Connick] originates, supervises. They elaborate."<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.cjconnick.org/exhibition.html | title=Join in Our Adventure in Light and Color: Connick Exhibition Being Organized | publisher=The Charles J. Connick Stained Glass Foundation | accessdate=June 28, 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008191551/http://www.cjconnick.org/exhibition.html | archive-date=October 8, 2011 | dead-url-status=yesdead | df=mdy-all }}</ref> Connick left his studio and business to the craftsmen which became a [[cooperative]] after his death. For 41 years the studio continued to receive commissions and design windows in the Connick tradition. The studio closed its workshop in 1986 because the workers were aging and the modern high-rises of [[Copley Square]] threatened the light source essential to their work. The final commissioned window the studio produced was placed in All Saints Parish of [[Brookline, Massachusetts]].<ref name="movie">{{cite video | people=John Bishop (Producer/Director) | title=The Last Window (1988) | medium=DVD | publisher=Media Generation | date=2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://allsaintsparish.info/windows/Windows/Pepper.html | title=The Henry Pepper Memorial Window | publisher=All Saints Parish | accessdate=January 19, 2010 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101026042528/http://allsaintsparish.info/windows/Windows/Pepper.html | archive-date=October 26, 2010 | dead-url-status=yesdead }}</ref> Shortly after closing, the studio donated its collection of records, working drawings and related materials to the [[Boston Public Library]].<ref name="studio" /> Throughout its history, the Charles J. Connick Associates Studio produced some 15,000 windows in more than 5,000 churches and public buildings.<ref name="movie"/>
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** [[Pasadena, California|Pasadena]]: Throop Unitarian Universalist Church<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.throopuupasadena.org/stained-glass-windows-at-throop.html | title=Songs in Light | publisher=Throop Unitarian Universalist Church | location = Pasadena, CA | accessdate=April 7, 2016}}</ref>
**[[San Francisco]]:
***[[Grace Cathedral, San Francisco|Grace Cathedral]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.gracecathedral.org/content/arts/glass/ | title=Gospel in Glass | publisher=Grace Cathedral | first=Michael | last=Lampen | year=2004 | accessdate=December 11, 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091120015226/http://www.gracecathedral.org/content/arts/glass/ | archive-date=November 20, 2009 | dead-url-status=yesdead | df=mdy-all }}</ref>
***[[St. Dominic Church in San Francisco|St. Dominic's Catholic Church]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.stdominics.org/art/art.asp | title=Parish Art & Architecture | publisher=St. Dominic's Catholic Church | accessdate=June 8, 2010}}</ref>
*[[Colorado]]
**[[Denver]]: [[Cathedral of St. John in the Wilderness, Denver|Cathedral of St. John in the Wilderness]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sjcathedral.org/internal/?page_id=16 | title=Saint John's Cathedral: History | publisher=Saint John's Episcopal Cathedral | location=Denver, CO | accessdate=November 19, 2009 | deadurlurl-status=yesdead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720081210/http://www.sjcathedral.org/internal/?page_id=16 | archivedate=July 20, 2011 | df=mdy-all }}</ref>
*[[Connecticut]]
**[[Hartford, Connecticut|Hartford]]: Asylum Hill Congregational Church
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***Boston University Chapel, [[Boston University]]
***[[Emmanuel Episcopal Church, Boston]]
**[[Brookline, Massachusetts|Brookline]]: All Saints Parish<ref>{{cite web | url=http://allsaintsparish.info/windows/Windows/WindowHome.html | title=The Windows of All Saints Parish | accessdate=January 5, 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080907183510/http://allsaintsparish.info/windows/Windows/WindowHome.html | archive-date=September 7, 2008 | dead-url-status=yesdead }}</ref>
**[[Hyde Park, Massachusetts|Hyde Park]]: [[First Congregational Church of Hyde Park]]
**[[Leominster, Massachusetts|Leominster]]:Saint Mark's Episcopal Church
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**[[Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque]]: Cathedral Church of St. John<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.stjohnsabq.org/History/Windows.htm | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060908075106/http://www.stjohnsabq.org/History/Windows.htm | title=St. John's Cathedral History: Cathedral Windows – Overview | publisher=The Cathedral Church of St. John | location= Albuquerque, NM | archivedate=September 8, 2006 | accessdate=November 19, 2009}}</ref>
*[[New York (state)|New York]]
**[[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]]: Westminster Presbyterian Church<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.westminster-bflo.org/church/architecture.htm | title=Westminster Architecture | publisher=Westminster Presbyterian Church | location=Buffalo, NY | accessdate=November 19, 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101026111356/http://www.westminster-bflo.org/church/architecture.htm | archive-date=October 26, 2010 | dead-url-status=yesdead | df=mdy-all }}</ref>
**New York City ([[Manhattan]]):
***[[Cathedral of Saint John the Divine, New York|Cathedral of Saint John the Divine]], [[Morningside Heights, Manhattan|Morningside Heights]]
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**[[Butler, Pennsylvania|Butler]]: St. Peter's Episcopal Church
**[[Greensburg, Pennsylvania|Greensburg]]: First Presbyterian Church
**[[Harrisburg, Pennsylvania|Harrisburg]]: Pine Street Presbyterian Church<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.pinestreet.org/windowRestoration/militantchristianity.html | title=The Stained Glass Windows of Pine Street Presbyterian Church and Their Restoration: Militant Christianity | publisher=Pine Street Presbyterian Church | accessdate=November 12, 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100829054535/http://www.pinestreet.org/windowRestoration/militantchristianity.html | archive-date=August 29, 2010 | dead-url-status=yesdead | df=mdy-all }}</ref>
**[[Pittsburgh]]:<ref name="trib-review" />
***[[Calvary Episcopal Church (Pittsburgh)|Calvary Episcopal Church]], [[East Liberty (Pittsburgh)|East Liberty]]
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