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Line 1: {{Not to be confused with\|Prime Minister of France}}{{Short description\|Medieval position akin to a head of government}} The '''chief minister of France''' or, closer to the French term, '''chief minister of state''' ({{lang-fr\|principal ministre d'État}}), or '''prime minister of France'''<ref>[https://books.google.ficom/books?id=rnlnJbC2yRsC~~&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false~~ Testament Politique du Cardinal Duc de Richelieu, Premier Ministre de France sous le Règne de Louïs XIII]</ref> were and are informal titles given to various personages who received various degrees of power to rule the [[Kingdom of France]] on behalf of the monarch during the ''{{lang\|fr\|[[Ancien Régime]]''}} ("'Old Regime"').<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/divers/Ancien_R%C3%A9gime/105343\|title=Ancien Régime\|publisher=[[Éditions Larousse\|Larousse]]}}</ref> The titles were however informal and used more as job descriptions. ==History== Like the title of Chief Minister was unofficial, the monarch maintained all his powers, giving to the Chief Minister the task to make effective his orders. However, during moments ~~were~~where the king was absent from the country, highly sick, indifferent or unfit to govern, the Chief Minister had a strong role, becoming the real mind behind the state's operating.<ref>{{cite book\|title=Histoire, économie et société, Vol. 15-1\|author=[[Jean Bérenger]]\|publisher=Persée\|date=1996\|pages=37–46}}</ref> Usually, the Chief Ministers were members of the [[Conseil du Roi\|King's Council]] (the archaic form of [[Cabinet (government)\|cabinet]]) or high members of the [[French nobility]] or the [[Catholic Church in France\|Catholic clergy]]. From 1661, [[Louis XIV]] and his successors refused to allow any one of their ministers to be deemed more important than others, so the term ~~were~~was not in use.<ref>[http://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/divers/Ancien_Régime/105343 Ancien Régime] in Encyclopédie Larousse ("Après 1661, Louis XIV impose une nouvelle formule, qui joue à la fois sur les ministres et sur les conseils, sans accepter la primauté d'un ministre.")</ref> The title of 'First Minister of State' was used, however the old title was not brought back after Louis XIV.{{Citation needed\|date=September 2022}} With the eruption of the [[French Revolution]] in 1789, the First Minister of State progressively lost importance and influence inside national politics. Finally, with the coming of the [[Kingdom of France (1791–92)\|constitutional monarchy]] in 1791, the title of First Minister ceased to exist. Line 20 ⟶ 21: ! width=15% \| [[Estates of the realm\|Estate]] ! width=25% \| Cabinet ! [[List of French monarchs\|King]]<br/><small>(Reign)</small> \|- \|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE ! rowspan=1410 style="background:#002395;" \| \| rowspan=2 \| [[File:Corneille de Lyon - Portrait of Anne de Montmorency.jpg\|80px]] \| rowspan=2 \| [[Anne de Montmorency\|'''Anne de Montmorency''',<br/>Baron and ''Seigneur'' of Chantilly]]<br/><small>(1493–1567)</small> \| [[Grand Master of France]]<br/><small>(1526–1558)</small> \| 1 January 1515 \| June 1541 \| bgcolor=#CBCBEF \| [[French nobility\|Nobility]] \| rowspan=4 bgcolor=#EEEEEE \| Cabinets of Francis I \| rowspan=4 \| '''[[Francis I of France\|Francis I]]'''<br />[[File:French School Portrait of Francis I of France c. 1530.jpg\|80px]]<br /><small>(1515–1547)</small> \|- \| colspan=4 \|<small>Close friend of Francis I and paternal figure of Henry II. [[Concordat of Bologna]]. [[War of the League of Cambrai]] and the [[Italian Wars]]. [[Franco-Ottoman alliance]]. Attempt to make an alliance between France and [[Pope Paul III]]. Aggressive policy toward [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor\|Emperor Charles V]]. [[Ordinance of Villers-Cotterêts]] establish the [[French language\|French]] as official language. Fell in disgrace due to [[Anne de Pisseleu d'Heilly\|Anne de Pisseleu]]'s intrigues.</small> \|- \|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE \| rowspan=2 \| [[File:Claude d'Annebaut.jpg\|80px]] \| rowspan=2 \| [[Claude d'Annebault\|'''Claude d'Annebault''',<br/>Baron of Retz]]<br/><small>(1495–1552)</small> \| [[Admiral of France]]<br/><small>(1543–1552)</small> \| June 1541 \| 31 March 1547 \| bgcolor=#CBCBEF \| [[French nobility\|Nobility]] \|- \| colspan=4 \|<small>Hero in the [[Battle of Pavia]] and [[Marshal of France]] yet. [[Italian War of 1542–46\|5th Italian War]]. Peace with Emperor Charles V. [[Revolt of the Pitauds]]~~. [[Ordinance of Villers-Cotterêts]] establish the [[French language\|French]] as official language~~. Fall into disgrace after Francis I's death.</small> \|- \|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE \| rowspan=2 \| [[File:Clouet-montmorencyanne.jpg\|80px]] \| rowspan=2 \| [[Anne de Montmorency\|Anne,<br/>'''Duke of Montmorency''']]<br/><small>(1493–1567)</small> \| [[Grand Master of France]]<br/><small>(1526–1558)</small> \| 1 April 1547 \| 10 August 1557 Line 60 ⟶ 61: \| rowspan=2 style="text-align:center;"\| — \| rowspan=2 \| ''Position vacant<br />(absolute rule by [[Henry II of France\|Henry II]])'' \| [[King of France]]<br/><small>(1547–1559)</small> \| 11 August 1557 \| 10 July 1559 Line 69 ⟶ 70: \|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE \| rowspan=2 \| [[File:Francois de Lorraine.JPG\|80px]] \| rowspan=2 \| [[Francis, Duke of Guise\|Francis,<br/>'''Duke of Guise''']]<br/><small>(1519–1563)</small> \| [[Grand Master of France]]<br/><small>(1559–1563)</small> \| 10 July 1559 \| 5 December 1560 \| bgcolor=#CBCBEF \| [[French nobility\|Nobility]] \| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#FBDDBD \| [[Catherine de' Medici#Queen mother\|Regency of<br/>Queen Mother Catherine]] \| rowspan=2 bgcolor=#EEEEEE \| '''[[Francis II of France\|Francis II]]'''<br />[[File:Francois II de france.jpg\|80px]]<br /><small>(1559–1560)</small> \|- Line 82 ⟶ 83: ! rowspan=2 style="background:#FFBF00;" \| \| rowspan=2 \| [[File:Michel-Hospital.jpg\|80px]] \| rowspan=2 \| '''[[Michel de l'Hôpital]]'''<br/><small>(1507–1573)</small> \| [[Lord Chancellor of France\|Chancellor of France]]<br/><small>(1560–1573)</small> \| 5 December 1560 \| 13 March 1573 † Line 95 ⟶ 96: ! rowspan=2 style="background:#FF3333;" \| \| rowspan=2 \| [[File:René de Birague.jpg\|80px]] \| rowspan=2 \| [[Cardinal (Catholicism)\|Cardinal]] '''[[René de Birague]]'''<br/><small>(1506–1583)</small> \| [[Lord Chancellor of France\|Chancellor of France]]<br/><small>(1573–1583)</small> \| 30 May 1574 \| 24 November 1583 † Line 108 ⟶ 109: ! rowspan=14 style="background:#002395;" \| \| rowspan=2 \| [[File:Philippe Hurault Chancelier de France.jpg\|80px]] \| rowspan=2 \| [[Philippe Hurault de Cheverny\|Philippe Hurault,<br/>'''Count of Cheverny''']]<br/><small>(1528–1599)</small> \| [[Lord Chancellor of France\|Chancellor of France]]<br/><small>(1583–1588)</small> \| 24 November 1583 \| 12 May 1588 Line 119 ⟶ 120: \| rowspan=2 style="text-align:center;"\| — \| rowspan=2 \| ''Position vacant<br />(absolute rule by [[Henry III of France\|Henry III]])'' \| [[King of France]]<br/><small>(1574–1589)</small> \| 12 May 1588 \| 2 August 1589 Line 128 ⟶ 129: \|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE \| rowspan=2 \| [[File:Maximilien-de-Sully.jpg\|80px]] \| rowspan=2 \| [[Maximilien de Béthune, Duke of Sully\|Maximilien de Béthune,<br/>'''1st Duke of Sully''']]<br/><small>(1560–1641)</small> \| [[Superintendent of Finances]]<br/><small>(1600–1611)</small> \| 2 August 1589 \| 29 January 1611 Line 137 ⟶ 138: \|- \| colspan=4 \|<small>Loyal minister of Henry IV since [[French Wars of Religion]]. Conversion of Henry IV to [[Catholic Church\|Catholicism]]. [[Free trade]] without restriction. Establishment of courthouses on misappropriation. Public works and new roads. Expansion of the [[French Royal Army (1652–1830)\|Royal Army]]. [[Franco-Savoyard War (1600–1601)\|Franco-Savoyard War]]. Organized marriage between Henry IV and [[Marie de' Medici]]. [[Edict of Nantes]] introduced religious tolerance to [[Protestantism\|Protestants]]. Assassination of Henry IV by [[François Ravaillac]], a Catholic fanatic. Isolated in the new Court, resigned and retired.</small> \| rowspan=5 bgcolor=#FBDDBD \| [[Marie de' Medici#Regency\|Regency of<br/>Queen Mother Mary]] \| rowspan=12 bgcolor=#EEEEEE \| '''[[Louis XIII of France\|Louis XIII]]'''<br />[[File:Louis XIII (de Champaigne).jpg\|80px]]<br /><small>(1610–1643)</small> \|- \|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE \| rowspan=2 \| [[File:De Neufville2.jpg\|80px]] \| rowspan=2 \| [[Nicolas de Neufville, seigneur de Villeroy\|Nicolas de Neufville,<br/>'''1st Marquis of Villeroy''']]<br/><small>(1543–1617)</small> \| [[Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (France)\|Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs]]<br/><small>(1594–1616)</small> \| 30 January 1611 \| 9 August 1616 Line 152 ⟶ 153: \|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE \| rowspan=2 \| [[File:Concino Concini.jpg\|80px]] \| rowspan=2 \| [[Concino Concini\|Concino Concini,<br/>'''1st Marquis d'Ancre''']]<br/><small>(1569–1617)</small> \| [[Marshal of France]]<br/><small>(1613–1617)</small> \| 9 August 1616 \| 24 April 1617 † Line 162 ⟶ 163: \|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE \| rowspan=2 \| [[File:Duque-de-Luynes.JPG\|80px]] \| rowspan=2 \| [[Charles d'Albert, duc de Luynes\|Charles d'Albert,'''1st Duke of Luynes''']]<br/><small>(1578–1621)</small> \| [[Grand Falconer of France]]<br/><small>(1616–1621)</small> \| 24 April 1617 \| 15 December 1621 † Line 174 ⟶ 175: \| rowspan=2 style="text-align:center;"\| — \| rowspan=2 \| ''Position vacant<br />(absolute rule by [[Louis XIII of France\|Louis XIII]])'' \| [[King of France]]<br/><small>(1610–1643)</small> \| 15 December 1621 \| 12 August 1624 Line 184 ⟶ 185: ! rowspan=5 style="background:#FF3333;" \| \| rowspan=2 \| [[File:Champaigne portrait richelieu eb.jpg\|80px]] \| rowspan=2 \| [[Cardinal (Catholicism)\|Cardinal]] [[Cardinal Richelieu\|Armand Jean du Plessis,<br/>'''1st Duke of Richelieu and Fronsac''']]<br/><small>(1585–1642)</small> \| [[Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (France)\|Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs]] & [[Secretary of State for War (France)\|War]]<br/><small>(1616–1617)</small> \| 12 August 1624 \| 4 December 1642 † Line 194 ⟶ 195: \|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE \| rowspan=3 \| [[File:Mazarin-mignard.jpg\|80px]] \| rowspan=3 \| [[Cardinal (Catholicism)\|Cardinal]] [[Cardinal Mazarin\|Jules Mazarin,<br/>'''1st Duke of Mayenne and Rethel''']]<br/><small>(1602–1661)</small> \| [[List of bishops of Metz\|Bishop of Metz]]<br/><small>(1652–1658)</small> \| 5 December 1642 \| 9 March 1661 † Line 201 ⟶ 202: \|- \| colspan=4 rowspan=2 \|<small>"[[Éminence grise\|Grey eminence]]" of Queen Mother Anne and Louis XIV. Eruption of the [[Fronde]]. [[Peace of Westphalia]] concluded the [[Thirty Years' War]]. End of the [[Eighty Years' War]] and recognizement of the United Provinces. Creation of the [[League of the Rhine]]. Repression of the Fronde. [[Formulary controversy]]. [[Treaty of the Pyrenees]] and peace with Habsburgs. Died in office due to illness.</small> \| bgcolor=#FBDDBD \| [[Anne of Austria#Regent of France\|Regency of<br/>Queen Mother Anne]] \| rowspan=8 bgcolor=#EEEEEE \| '''[[Louis XIV of France\|Louis XIV]]'''<br />[[File:~~LouisXIVRigaud~~Louis-xiv-lebrunl.~~JPG~~jpg\|~~80px~~95x95px]]<br /><small>(1643–1715)</small> \|- \| rowspan=7 bgcolor=#EEEEEE \| [[:fr:Ministres de Louis XIV\|Cabinets of Louis XIV]] Line 209 ⟶ 210: ! rowspan=2 style="background:#FFBF00;" \| \| rowspan=2 \| [[File:Colbert1666.jpg\|80px]] \| rowspan=2 \| '''[[Jean-Baptiste Colbert]]'''<br/><small>(1619–1683)</small> \| [[Controller-General of Finances]]<br/><small>(1661–1683)</small> \| 9 March 1661 \| 6 September 1683 † Line 220 ⟶ 221: ! rowspan=4 style="background:#002395;" \| \| rowspan=2 \| [[File:Louvois1.jpg\|80px]] \| rowspan=2 \| [[François-Michel le Tellier, Marquis de Louvois\|François-Michel Le Tellier,<br/>'''1st Marquis of Louvois''']]<br/><small>(1641–1691)</small> \| [[Secretary of State for War (France)\|Secretary of State for War]] & [[Secretary of State of the Maison du Roi\|Maison du Roi]]<br/><small>(1662–1691)</small> \| 7 September 1683 \| 16 July 1691 † Line 231 ⟶ 232: \| rowspan=2 style="text-align:center;"\| — \| rowspan=2 \| ''Position vacant<br />(absolute rule by [[Louis XIV of France\|Louis XIV]])'' \| [[King of France]]<br/><small>(1643–1715)</small> \| 17 July 1691 \| 1 September 1715 Line 241 ⟶ 242: ! rowspan=2 style="background:#FF3333;" \| \| rowspan=2 \| [[File:Hyacinthe Rigaud Dubois detail.jpg\|80px]] \| rowspan=2 \| [[Cardinal (Catholicism)\|Cardinal]] '''[[Guillaume Dubois]]'''<br/><small>(1656–1723)</small> \| [[Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (France)\|Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs]]<br/><small>(1718–1723)</small> \| 12 September 1715 \| 10 August 1723 † \| bgcolor=#FCCCCC \| [[Catholic Church in France\|Clergy]] \| bgcolor=#FBDDBD \| [[Philippe II, Duke of Orléans#The Regency\|Regency of<br/>The Duke of Orléans]] \| rowspan=13 \| '''[[Louis XV of France\|Louis XV]]'''<br />[[File:Louis XV by Maurice-Quentin de La Tour.jpg\|80px]]<br /><small>(1715–1774)</small> \|- Line 255 ⟶ 256: ! rowspan=4 style="background:#002395;" \| \| rowspan=2 \| [[File:Philippe d'Orleans, regent, et Marie Madeleine de la Vieuville, Comtesse de Parabere (Jean-Baptiste Santerre).jpg\|80px]] \| rowspan=2 \| [[Philippe II, Duke of Orléans\|Philippe II,<br/>13th Duke of Orléans]]<br/><small>(1674–1723)</small> \| [[Régence\|Regent of the Kingdom]]<br/><small>(1715–1723)</small> \| 10 August 1723 \| 2 December 1723 † Line 265 ⟶ 266: \|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE \| rowspan=2 \| [[File:Louis IV Henri de Bourbon-Conde.jpg\|80px]] \| rowspan=2 \| [[Louis Henri, Duke of Bourbon\|Louis Henri,<br/>'''7th Prince of Condé''']]<br/><small>(1692–1740)</small> \| [[Grand Master of France]]<br/><small>(1710–1740)</small> \| 2 December 1723 \| 11 June 1726 Line 276 ⟶ 277: ! rowspan=2 style="background:#FF3333;" \| \| rowspan=2 \| [[File:Cardinal de Fleury by Rigaud.jpg\|80px]] \| rowspan=2 \| [[Cardinal (Catholicism)\|Cardinal]] '''[[André-Hercule de Fleury]]'''<br/><small>(1653–1743)</small> \| [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Fréjus-Toulon\|Bishop of Fréjus]]<br/><small>(1699–1715)</small> \| 11 June 1726 \| 29 January 1743 † \| bgcolor=#FCCCCC \| [[Catholic Church in France\|Clergy]] \|- \| colspan=4 \|<small>Close advisor of Louis XV. [[Colbertism]] reintroduced and support to [[Gallicanism]]. [[Jansenism]] became tolerated. [[Anti-Masonry]] policy. Defeat in the [[War of the Polish Succession]] and [[Treaty of Vienna (1738)\|Treaty of Vienna]]. [[War of the Austrian Succession]] and [[Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748)\|Treaty of Aachen]]. Died in office due to health ~~problmes~~problems.</small> \|- \|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE Line 288 ⟶ 289: \| rowspan=2 style="text-align:center;"\| — \| rowspan=2 \| ''Position vacant<br />(absolute rule by [[Louis XV of France\|Louis XV]])'' \| [[King of France]]<br/><small>(1715–1774)</small> \| 29 January 1743 \| 3 December 1758 Line 297 ⟶ 298: \|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE \| rowspan=2 \| [[File:Choiseul, Etienne François duc de.jpg\|80px]] \| rowspan=2 \| [[Étienne François, duc de Choiseul\|Étienne François de Choiseul<br/>'''1st Duke of Choiseul''']]<br/><small>(1719–1785)</small> \| [[Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (France)\|Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs]] & [[Secretary of State for War (France)\|War]]<br/><small>(1761–1770)</small> \| 3 December 1758 \| 24 December 1770 Line 307 ⟶ 308: \|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE \| rowspan=2 \| [[File:René-Augustin de Maupeou.PNG\|80px]] \| rowspan=2 \| '''[[René Nicolas Charles Augustin de Maupeou\|René-Nicolas de Maupeou]]'''<br/><small>(1714–1792)</small> \| [[Lord Chancellor of France\|Chancellor of France]]<br/><small>(1768–1774)</small> \| 25 December 1770 \| 23 August 1774 \| bgcolor=#CBCBEF \| [[French nobility\|Nobility]] \|- \| colspan=4 \|<small>Failed attempt to establish an [[Enlightened absolutism]]. Tensions with the [[Parlement]]s. Fight against upper classes on privileges and [[Farm (revenue leasing)\|farms]]. Envoy of [[musketeer]]s against [[~~Parliament~~Parlement of Paris\|Parliament]]'s magistrates. Suppression of the [[Court of Aids]]. Despite his success against magistrates' power abuses, Louis XVI preferred search an agreement with them. Resigned due to disagreements with the new King.</small> \| rowspan=16 bgcolor=#EEEEEE \| [[:fr:Ministres de Louis XVI\|Cabinets of Louis XVI]] \| rowspan=30 bgcolor=#EEEEEE \| '''[[Louis XVI of France\|Louis XVI]]'''<br />[[File:Louis XVI of France.jpg\|80px]]<br /><small>(1774–1792)</small> Line 320 ⟶ 321: ! rowspan=2 style="background:#FFBF00;" \| \| rowspan=2 \| [[File:Graincourt, attributed to - Turgot.jpg\|80px]] \| rowspan=2 \| '''[[Anne Robert Jacques Turgot\|Jacques Turgot]]'''<br/><small>(1727–1781)</small> \| [[Controller-General of Finances]]<br/><small>(1723–1749)</small> \| 24 August 1774 \| 12 May 1776 Line 331 ⟶ 332: ! rowspan=4 style="background:#002395;" \| \| rowspan=2 \| [[File:Jean Frederic Phelypeaux Count of Maurepas.PNG\|80px]] \| rowspan=2 \| [[Jean-Frédéric Phélypeaux, Count of Maurepas\|Jean-Frédéric Phélypeaux,<br/>'''3rd Count of Maurepas''']]<br/><small>(1701–1781)</small> \| [[Secretary of State of the Navy (France)\|Secretary of State of the Navy]]<br/><small>(1723–1749)</small> \| 14 May 1776 \| 21 November 1781 † \| bgcolor=#CBCBEF \| [[French nobility\|Nobility]] \|- \| colspan=4 \|<small>Former ally of Turgot, who intrigued against him, being ~~enviousof~~envious of his position. He continued the status of privilege of the upper classes, but finally became a patron of Necker. Died in office due to health problems.</small> \|- \|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE \| rowspan=2 \| [[File:Charles Gravier, Comte de Vergennes.jpg\|80px]] \| rowspan=2 \| [[Charles Gravier, comte de Vergennes\|Charles Gravier,<br/>'''Count of Vergennes''']]<br/><small>(1717–1787)</small> \| [[Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (France)\|Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs]]<br/><small>(1774–1787)</small> \| 21 November 1781 \| 13 February 1787 † \| bgcolor=#CBCBEF \| [[French nobility\|Nobility]] \|- \| colspan=4 \|<small>Great diplomat, decisive in the diplomacy of the American Revolution. [[Treaty of Paris (1783)\|Treaty of Paris]] and ~~recognizement~~recognition of the [[United States]]. [[Franco-Austrian Alliance]] consolidated. [[Batavian Revolution]]. Expeditions in [[Indochina]]. He was dissident of Necker and his reformist's views. Died in office during the [[Assembly of Notables#1787 Assembly\|Assembly of Notables]].</small> \|- \|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE ! rowspan=2 style="background:#FF3333;" \| \| rowspan=2 \| [[File:Étienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne.PNG\|80px]] \| rowspan=2 \| [[Archbishop]] '''[[Étienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne\|Étienne Charles de Loménie]]'''<br/><small>(1727–1794)</small> \| [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Toulouse\|Archbishop of Toulouse]]<br/><small>(1763–1788)</small> \| 1 May 1787 \| 25 August 1788 \| bgcolor=#FCCCCC \| [[Catholic Church in France\|Clergy]] \|- \| colspan=4 \|<small>Replacing Vergennes, who died during the Assembly of Notables. Rising influence of [[Marie Antoinette]]. New disagreements with parliamentarians on [[estate tax]] and [[corvée]]. Resigned due to political difficulties.</small> \|- \|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE ! rowspan=2 style="background:#FFBF00;" \| \| rowspan=2 \| [[File:Necker, Jacques - Duplessis.jpg\|80px]] \| rowspan=2 \| '''[[Jacques Necker]]'''<br/><small>(1732–1804)</small> \| [[Controller-General of Finances]]<br/><small>(1777–1781/1788–1789)</small> \| 25 August 1788 \| 11 July 1789 \| bgcolor=#FFFFDD \| [[Commoner]] \|- \| colspan=4 \|<small>Appointed by Louis XVI to solve the financial crisis. [[Day of Tiles]] and [[Assembly of Vizille]]. [[Estates General of 1789 in France\|Estates General]] ~~summed~~summoned onin Spring 1789. However, the ~~steady~~ reforms called ~~from~~for by the Estates, especially the [[Third Estate]] (commoners), caused his political decline and removal by the King.</small> \|- \|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE ! rowspan=2 style="background:#002395;" \| \| rowspan=2 \| [[File:Baron de Breteuil.jpg\|80px]] \| rowspan=2 \| [[Louis Auguste Le Tonnelier de Breteuil\|Louis Auguste Le Tonnelier,<br/>'''Baron of Breteuil''']]<br/><small>(1730–1807)</small> \| [[Secretary of State of the Maison du Roi]]<br/><small>(1783–1788)</small> \| 11 July 1789 \| 16 July 1789 \| bgcolor=#CBCBEF \| [[French nobility\|Nobility]] \|- \| colspan=4 \|<small>Shortest ministry ~~since~~in 2two centuries. Eruption of the [[French Revolution]] with the [[storming of the Bastille]]. Fled ~~out~~ France two days after the Bastille.</small> \|- \|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE ! rowspan=2 style="background:#FFBF00;" \| \| rowspan=2 \| [[File:Necker, Jacques - Duplessis.jpg\|80px]] \| rowspan=2 \| '''[[Jacques Necker]]'''<br/><small>(1732–1804)</small> \| [[Controller-General of Finances]]<br/><small>(1777–1781/1788–1789)</small> \| 16 July 1789 \| 3 September 1790 \| bgcolor=#FFFFDD \| [[Commoner]] \|- \| colspan=4 \|<small>Recalled to office by Louis XVI. He distrusted eminent politicians like [[Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette\|Lafayette]], too dual, and [[Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau\|Mirabeau]], too schemer. He also rejected the use of [[assignat]]s~~' using~~. ~~Like~~When his popularity fell, he retired into [[Coppet Castle]], [[Switzerland]].</small> \|- \|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE ! rowspan=2 style="background:#002395;" \| \| rowspan=2 \| [[File:Armand-Marc Comte de MONTMORIN-SAINT-HEREM.jpg\|80px]] \| rowspan=2 \| [[Armand Marc, comte de Montmorin\|Armand Marc,<br/>'''Count of Montmorin and Saint-Hérem''']]<br/><small>(1745–1792)</small> \| [[Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (France)\|Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs]]<br/><small>(1787–1789)</small> \| 3 September 1790 \| 293 ~~November~~September 1791 \| bgcolor=#CBCBEF \| [[French nobility\|Nobility]] \|- \| colspan=4 \|<small>Former member of the [[conservative]] [[clique]] of Versailles, he became a puppet in Mirabeau and [[Auguste Marie Raymond d'Arenberg\|La Marck]]'s hands. After ~~the~~ Mirabeau's death, he resigned from his position. He was later killed during [[September Massacres]].</small> \| rowspan=3 bgcolor=#EEEEEE \| [[Kingdom of France (1791–92)\|Constitutional Cabinet of Louis XVI]] \|- Line 410 ⟶ 411: \| rowspan=2 \| ''Position vacant<br />(supervisioned by [[Legislative Assembly (France)\|Legislative Assembly]])'' \| ''N/A'' \| 293 ~~November~~September 1791 \| 21 September 1792 \| bgcolor=#DDDDDD \| N/A \|- \| colspan=4 \|<small>Under the new [[French Constitution of 1791\|Constitution]], Louis XVI became time by time ever more useless and weak, while the real power was ~~exercited~~exercised by the Legislative Assembly, who proposed to the King [[Girondin]] ministers. HeHis popularity collapsed after the [[flight to Varennes]]. After the [[Brunswick Manifesto]], tension between Monarchists and Republicans increased. The [[10 August (French Revolution)\|storming of Tuileries]] ended the centuries-old monarchy, establishing the [[French First Republic\|First Republic]].</small> \|} Line 428 ⟶ 429: \|- \| ''Position vacant~~<br/>(absolute rule by [[Napoleon]])~~'' \| [[First cabinet of Napoleon\|1]] \| 18 May 1804 Line 448 ⟶ 449: ! width=15% \| Political Party ! width=25% \| Government ! [[List of French monarchs\|King]]<br/><small>(Reign)</small> \|- \|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE ! rowspan=6 style="background:{{party color\|Legitimist}};" \| \| rowspan=2 \| [[File:Talleyrand 01.jpg\|80px]] \| rowspan=2 \| [[Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord\|Charles Maurice,<br/>'''Prince of Talleyrand''']]<br/><small>(1754–1838)</small> \| rowspan=2 \| [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Development (France)\|Minister of Foreign Affairs]]<br/><small>(1799–1807)</small> \| 1 April 1814 \| 2 May 1814 \| bgcolor=#ADD8E6 \| [[Legitimist]] \| bgcolor=#ADD8E6 \| [[French Provisional Government of 1814\|Prov. Gov.]] \| bgcolor=#EEEEEE rowspan=6 align=center \| '''[[Louis XVIII of France\|Louis XVIII]]'''<br />[[File:Louis XVIII ofportrait ~~France~~Hartwell House.~~png~~jpg\|~~80px~~101x101px]]<br /><small>(1814–1815)</small> \|- \| colspan=4 \|<small>Creation of the [[Charter of 1814]]. Napoleon exiled in his "reign" on [[Principality of Elba\|Elba]]. Removed by Louis XVIII after his ~~arrive~~arrival from [[England]], due to his Bonapartist past.</small> \|- \|- bgcolor=#EEEEEE \| rowspan=2 \| [[File:BLACAS.JPG\|80px]] \| rowspan=2 \| [[Pierre Louis Jean Casimir de Blacas\|Pierre-Louis,<br/>'''Count of Blacas''']]<ref>{{cite book\|title=Talleyrand, le prince immobile\|author=Emmanuel Waresquiel\|publisher=Broché\|date=2003\|page=488}}</ref><br/><small>(1771–1839)</small> \| rowspan=2 \| [[Minister for the Maison du Roi]]<br/><small>(1814–1815)</small> \| 2 May 1814 \| 820 ~~July~~March 1815 \| bgcolor=#ADD8E6 \| [[Legitimist]] \| bgcolor=#ADD8E6 \| [[Government of the first Bourbon restoration\|King's Ministry]] \|- \| colspan=4 \|<small>De facto Chief Minister, due to Louis XVIII's ~~diffidence~~rift towith Talleyrand. Despite Talleyrand's ~~was~~role as envoy to the [[Congress of Vienna]], [[Klemens von Metternich\|Metternich]] negotiate secretly with Louis XVIII and Blacas. Fled with the Royals to [[Ghent]] during the [[Hundred Days]]. ~~Felled~~Having fallen in disgrace after the [[Bourbon Restoration in France\|return in Paris]], he was dismissed and ~~send~~sent as Ambassador to the [[Kingdom of the ~~Two Sicilies\|~~Two Sicilies]].</small> \|} Line 492 ⟶ 493: \| 22 June 1815 \| colspan=2 \| ''Vacant'' \| '''[[Napoleon\|Napoleon I]]'''<br/>[[File:~~Gros~~Painting -of ~~First Consul~~Napoleon Bonaparte ~~(Detail)~~by Jacques-Louis David, 1813.~~png~~jpg\|~~110px~~135x135px]]<br/>{{Small\|(1815)}} \|- Line 502 ⟶ 503: ! style="background:{{party color\|Bonapartist}}" \| \| [[Bonapartist]] \| '''[[Napoleon II]]'''<br/>[[File:80Nap-receis ~~Napoleon II~~50.jpg\|~~70px~~93x93px]]<br/>{{Small\|(1815)}} \|} Line 517 ⟶ 518: [[Category:Political history of France]] [[Category:~~Government~~Prime ministers of France\|]] ~~[[Category:Heads of government]]~~ ~~[[Category:Prime Ministers of France\|]]~~ [[Category:1580s establishments in France]] [[Category:1790s disestablishments in France]]