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'''Chipping''' is a [[hamlet (place)|hamlet]] in the [[civil parish]] of [[Buckland, Hertfordshire|Buckland]] in the [[East Hertfordshire]] district, in the county of [[Hertfordshire]], England. Situated along the [[A10 road (Great Britain)|A10 road]] (which follows the course of the Roman [[Ermine Street]]), Chipping was an early, but unsuccessful attempt to create a market town at the crossing of the [[River Rib]] by Ermine Street.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Doig |first1=Tom |title=North & East Hertfordshire |date=2002 |publisher=Frith Book Company}}</ref>
Situated in a valley, Chipping lies approximately
==History==
=== Early history ===
The current settlement of Chipping first emerged along the former Roman Road [[Ermine Street]] as the manor of Pope's Hall (now Chipping Hall) then a part of Buckland village, as mentioned in
[[File:Moat in Burhill Wood, Chipping.png|thumb|left|195px|Moat in Burhill Wood (1897)]]
Chipping as an independent settlement to Buckland developed around 1220 as ''New Cheping'' (later becoming New Chipping), due to its strategic location along Ermine Street as a final stop-off for passing traffic before confronting several steep hills whilst travelling between London and York, and later, London and Cambridge.<ref>{{cite book |last1=William |first1=Page |title=The Victoria history of the county of Hertford |date=1902 |publisher=University of London, Institute of Historical Research |page=43 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ia3MDwAAQBAJ&
Chipping was the site of a market (every Friday) and fair (three days a year) from 1252 until 1360 before its
===The English Civil War===
In April 1643, during the second year of the English Civil War, a skirmish occurred in Chipping, which was situated along the worst section of Ermine Street. A group of Parliamentarians were sent by Oliver Cromwell to collect treasures from Cambridge, including a new helmet ordered by Cromwell as he found his old helmet “ill-set”.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kingston |first1=Alfred |title=Hertfordshire During the Great Civil War and the Long Parliament |date=1894 |publisher=Hertfordshire Record Society |location=London |pages=34 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_nALAAAAYAAJ}}</ref> When passing through Chipping they were “set upon by a Royalist party with so much vigour, and evidently superior numbers that while the fight was proceeding some of the attacking party carried on with most of the baggage”.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kingston |first1=Alfred |title=Hertfordshire During the Great Civil War and the Long Parliament |date=1894 |publisher=Hertfordshire Record Society |location=London |pages=34 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_nALAAAAYAAJ}}</ref> After much fighting, the Parliamentarians were able to beat off the Royalist assault and escape with Cromwell's helmet.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kingston |first1=Alfred |title=Hertfordshire During the Great Civil War and the Long Parliament |date=1894 |publisher=Hertfordshire Record Society |location=London |pages=34 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_nALAAAAYAAJ}}</ref>
One Parliamentarian at the skirmish later said, “We went up with the treasure; got sadly mauled coming back by ruffians at Chipping, but lost near all our luggage”.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kingston |first1=Alfred |title=Hertfordshire During the Great Civil War and the Long Parliament |date=1894 |publisher=Hertfordshire Record Society |location=London |pages=34 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_nALAAAAYAAJ}}</ref> On the delivery of his new helmet, Cromwell commended the victories’ party.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kingston |first1=Alfred |title=Hertfordshire During the Great Civil War and the Long Parliament |date=1894 |publisher=Hertfordshire Record Society |location=London |pages=34 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_nALAAAAYAAJ}}</ref> With the Chipping helmet becoming the first of Cromwell's recognisable helmets that he wore throughout the remaining civil war.
=== After 1700 ===
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From 1700 until the mid-nineteenth century the main occupation of Chipping's residence was farming, working the dense woodland and farmland surrounding the village, whilst other villages served passing trade along [[Ermine Street]].<ref>{{cite web |title=A Brief History of Buckland & Chipping |url=http://www.bucklandandchippingpc.org.uk/history.php |website=Buckland and Chipping Parish Council |publisher=Buckland and Chipping Parish Council |accessdate=12 August 2020}}</ref> However, Chipping has always been overshadowed by its larger neighbours of [[Buntingford]] to the south and [[Royston, Hertfordshire|Royston]] to the north, with its population remaining small, it was never large enough for the construction of a church.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Brief History of Buckland & Chipping |url=http://www.bucklandandchippingpc.org.uk/history.php |website=Buckland and Chipping Parish Council |publisher=Buckland and Chipping Parish Council |accessdate=24 August 2020}}</ref>
Sometime after its closure in 1360 the market was re-established, before it was finally closed in 1883.<ref>{{cite book |last1=William |first1=Page |title=The Victoria history of the county of Hertford |date=1902 |publisher=University of London, Institute of Historical Research |page=43
A [[Post mill]] was formerly situated on Mill Hill to the east of the village from around 1737 until 1838.<ref>{{cite web |title=Site of Chipping Windmill |url=https://archives.hertfordshire.gov.uk/collections/getrecord/GB46_CDEPg_1_6 |website=Archives Hertfordshire |publisher=Archives Hertfordshire |accessdate=29 August 2020}}</ref> The former [[public house]], ''The Royal Oak'', was destroyed by fire sometime in the 1970s, its site now hosts the Cul-de-sac Royal Oak Close.<ref>{{cite web |title=Royal Oak, Chipping, Buntingford |url=https://pubwiki.co.uk/HertsPubs/Buckland/RoyalOak.shtml |website=Pub Wiki |publisher=Pub Wiki |accessdate=29 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Royal Oak Close in Chipping |url=https://www.streetlist.co.uk/sg/sg9/sg9-0/royal-oak-close |website=Streetlist |publisher=Streetlist |accessdate=29 August 2020}}</ref>
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==Landmarks==
Chipping has an array of historic and modern landmarks, with over half of Chipping's current housing being built since the turn of the twentieth century. Chipping also includes several historic buildings, thatched cottages and a public house, many of which date back to the 17th century and earlier.
[[File:Chipping Hall - 4486148.jpg|thumb|240px|Chipping Hall (
''The Countryman (Inn)'' (formerly
Chipping also includes the [[manor house]] of Chipping Hall (formerly Pope's Hall), with the current hall dating from the early eighteenth-century, the main hall, dovecot and walled gardens are constructed in early [[Georgian architecture]] from red brick.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pope's Hall / Chipping Hall And Garden Walls |url=https://historicengland.org.uk/images-books/photos/item/IOE01/08803/16 |website=Historic England |publisher=Historic England |accessdate=24 August 2020}}</ref> The manor of Pope's Hall was inherited by [[Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence]] from his wife [[Elizabeth de Burgh, 4th Countess of Ulster]] after her death in 1363.<ref>{{cite book |last1=William |first1=Page |title=The Victoria history of the county of Hertford |date=1902 |publisher=University of London, Institute of Historical Research |page=72 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ia3MDwAAQBAJ&
Chipping also includes a former Congregational Chapel which was constructed in 1844 and a former Mission Room constructed in 1878 for a cost of £380, both are now in private ownership.<ref>{{cite web |title=Independent Chapel (Former), Ermine StreeChipping now called Mission Hall |url=https://hertfordshirechurches.wordpress.com/2016/11/19/independent-chapel-former-ermine-street-chipping-now-called-mission-hall/ |website=Hertfordshire Churches in
==Toponym==
The name [[Chipping (disambiguation)|Chipping]] likely derives from ''ceapen'', an [[Old English language|Old English]] word meaning 'market', referring to the market hosted in Chipping between 1252 and 1360, though it is also possible the name rather derives from the [[Medieval English]] word ''chepynge'' meaning 'long market square', supported by early references to Chipping as ''New Cheping''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chepynge |url=https://medieval_terms.enacademic.com/759/Chepynge |website=Academic.com |publisher=Academic.com |accessdate=28 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=William |first1=Page |title=The Victoria history of the county of Hertford |date=1902 |publisher=University of London, Institute of Historical Research |page=43 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ia3MDwAAQBAJ&
Chipping's historic name ''New Chipping'' used prior to 1750 (less commonly used until 1900) more specifically meaning 'new market'.<ref>{{cite book |last1=William |first1=Page |title=The Victoria history of the county of Hertford |date=1902 |publisher=University of London, Institute of Historical Research |page=43 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ia3MDwAAQBAJ&
==Geography==
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