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{{
{{Infobox UK place
|country = England
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|official_name= Chipping
|population= 274
|population_ref= (
|civil_parish= [[Buckland, Hertfordshire|Buckland]]
|shire_district= [[East Hertfordshire]]
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|static_image_caption= The Countryman
}}
'''Chipping''' is a [[hamlet (place)|hamlet]] in the [[civil parish]] of [[Buckland, Hertfordshire|Buckland]] in the [[East Hertfordshire]] district, in the county of [[Hertfordshire]], England. Situated along the [[A10 road (Great Britain)|A10 road]] (which follows the course of the Roman [[Ermine Street]]), Chipping was an early, but unsuccessful attempt to create a market town at the crossing of the [[River Rib]] by Ermine Street.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Doig |first1=Tom |title=North & East Hertfordshire |date=2002 |publisher=Frith Book Company}}</ref>
Situated in a valley, Chipping
==History==
=== Early history ===
The current settlement of Chipping first emerged along the former Roman Road [[Ermine Street]] as the manor of Pope's Hall (now Chipping Hall) then
[[File:Moat in Burhill Wood, Chipping.png|thumb|left|195px|Moat in Burhill Wood (1897)]]
Chipping as an independent settlement to Buckland developed around 1220 as ''New Cheping'' (later becoming New Chipping), due to its strategic location along Ermine Street as a final stop-off for passing traffic before confronting several steep hills whilst travelling between London and York, and later, London and Cambridge.<ref>{{cite book |last1=William |first1=Page |title=The Victoria history of the county of Hertford |date=1902 |publisher=University of London, Institute of Historical Research |page=43 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ia3MDwAAQBAJ&q=chipping |accessdate=28 August 2020}}</ref>
Chipping was the site of a market (every Friday) and fair (three days a year) from 1252 until 1360 before its transferral to nearby [[Buntingford]] by [[Elizabeth de Burgh, 4th Countess of Ulster]] the lord of the manor of Pope's Hall due to its dwindling trade caused by Buntingford's rapid growth compared to Chipping.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Brief History of Buckland & Chipping |url=http://www.bucklandandchippingpc.org.uk/history.php |website=Buckland and Chipping Parish Council |publisher=Buckland and Chipping Parish Council |accessdate=12 August 2020}}</ref>
===The English Civil War===
In April 1643, during the second year of the English Civil War, a skirmish occurred in Chipping, which was situated along the worst section of Ermine Street. A group of Parliamentarians were sent by Oliver Cromwell to collect treasures from Cambridge, including a new helmet ordered by Cromwell as he found his old helmet “ill-set”.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kingston |first1=Alfred |title=Hertfordshire During the Great Civil War and the Long Parliament |date=1894 |publisher=Hertfordshire Record Society |location=London |pages=34 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_nALAAAAYAAJ}}</ref> When passing through Chipping they were “set upon by a Royalist party with so much vigour, and evidently superior numbers that while the fight was proceeding some of the attacking party carried on with most of the baggage”.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kingston |first1=Alfred |title=Hertfordshire During the Great Civil War and the Long Parliament |date=1894 |publisher=Hertfordshire Record Society |location=London |pages=34 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_nALAAAAYAAJ}}</ref> After much fighting, the Parliamentarians were able to beat off the Royalist assault and escape with Cromwell's helmet.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kingston |first1=Alfred |title=Hertfordshire During the Great Civil War and the Long Parliament |date=1894 |publisher=Hertfordshire Record Society |location=London |pages=34 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_nALAAAAYAAJ}}</ref>
One Parliamentarian at the skirmish later said, “We went up with the treasure; got sadly mauled coming back by ruffians at Chipping, but lost near all our luggage”.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kingston |first1=Alfred |title=Hertfordshire During the Great Civil War and the Long Parliament |date=1894 |publisher=Hertfordshire Record Society |location=London |pages=34 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_nALAAAAYAAJ}}</ref> On the delivery of his new helmet, Cromwell commended the victories’ party.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Kingston |first1=Alfred |title=Hertfordshire During the Great Civil War and the Long Parliament |date=1894 |publisher=Hertfordshire Record Society |location=London |pages=34 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_nALAAAAYAAJ}}</ref> With the Chipping helmet becoming the first of Cromwell's recognisable helmets that he wore throughout the remaining civil war.
=== After 1700 ===
[[File:Chipping 1905.jpg|thumb|220px|Chipping, 1905 (including the former Royal Oak public-house)]]▼
From 1700 until the mid-nineteenth century the main occupation of Chipping's residence was farming, working the dense woodland and farmland surrounding the village, whilst other villages served passing trade along [[Ermine Street]].<ref>{{cite web |title=A Brief History of Buckland & Chipping |url=http://www.bucklandandchippingpc.org.uk/history.php |website=Buckland and Chipping Parish Council |publisher=Buckland and Chipping Parish Council |accessdate=12 August 2020}}</ref> However, Chipping has always been overshadowed by its larger neighbours of [[Buntingford]] to the south and [[Royston, Hertfordshire|Royston]] to the north, with its population remaining small, it was never large enough for the construction of a church.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Brief History of Buckland & Chipping |url=http://www.bucklandandchippingpc.org.uk/history.php |website=Buckland and Chipping Parish Council |publisher=Buckland and Chipping Parish Council |accessdate=24 August 2020}}</ref>
A [[Post mill]] was formerly situated on Mill Hill to the east of the village from around 1737 until
==Today==
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The population of Chipping in 1851 was 215, however, with the development of the railway, causing decreased road traffic and growing demand for industrial workers in cities, meant Chipping's population fell to below 100 by 1905.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Brief History of Buckland & Chipping |url=http://www.bucklandandchippingpc.org.uk/history.php |website=Buckland and Chipping Parish Council |publisher=Buckland and Chipping Parish Council |accessdate=12 August 2020}}</ref>
Today Chipping has around 50 houses with a population of around 125 to 150 as of 2011. The parish of [[Buckland, Hertfordshire|Buckland]] and Chipping has a combined population of 274 as of 2011, with the population roughly split between both villages.<ref>{{cite web |title=Area Information for Chipping, Buntingford, SG9 0PG |url=https://www.streetcheck.co.uk/postcode/sg90pg |website=StreetCheck |publisher=StreetCheck |accessdate=13 August 2020}}</ref>
▲[[File:Chipping 1905.jpg|thumb|Chipping, 1905 (including the former Royal Oak public-house)]]
===Local government===
Along with its neighbour [[Buckland, Hertfordshire|Buckland]], Chipping elects members to the Buckland and Chipping [[Parish councils in England|parish council]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Buckland and Chipping Parish Council |url=https://www.haptc.org.uk/local-council-contacts/buckland-chipping |website=HAPTC |publisher=HAPTC |accessdate=14 August 2020}}</ref>
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==Landmarks==
Chipping has an array of historic and modern landmarks, with over half of Chipping's current housing being built since the turn of the twentieth century. Chipping also includes several historic buildings, thatched cottages and a public house, many of which date back to the 17th century and earlier.
''The Countryman (Inn)'' (formerly the ''Red Lion Inn'' until 1975) is a 18th-century [[coaching inn]], built in 1663, it has operated as a public house since 1760.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Brief History of Buckland & Chipping |url=http://www.bucklandandchippingpc.org.uk/history.php |website=Buckland and Chipping Parish Council |publisher=Buckland and Chipping Parish Council |accessdate=12 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Countryman Chipping |url=https://whatpub.com/pubs/HEN/219/countryman-chipping |website=What Pub |publisher=What Pub |accessdate=28 August 2020}}</ref> Situated in the centre of the village, ''The Countryman'' has hosted the yearly 'World Sausage Tossing Championship' every August since 2014.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Great British Sausage Tosser |url=https://www.sausagetosser.com/ |website=The Great British Sausage Tosser |publisher=The Great British Sausage Tosser |accessdate=12 August 2020}}</ref> ▼
[[File:Chipping Hall - 4486148.jpg|thumb|240px|Chipping Hall (
▲''The Countryman (Inn)'' (formerly
Chipping also includes the [[manor house]] of Chipping Hall (formerly Pope's Hall), with the current hall dating from the early eighteenth-century, the main hall, dovecot and walled gardens are constructed in early [[Georgian architecture]] from red brick.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pope's Hall / Chipping Hall And Garden Walls |url=https://historicengland.org.uk/images-books/photos/item/IOE01/08803/16 |website=Historic England |publisher=Historic England |accessdate=24 August 2020}}</ref> The manor of Pope's Hall was inherited by [[Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence]] from his wife [[Elizabeth de Burgh, 4th Countess of Ulster]] after her death in 1363.<ref>{{cite book |last1=William |first1=Page |title=The Victoria history of the county of Hertford |date=1902 |publisher=University of London, Institute of Historical Research |page=72 |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books/about/The_Victoria_history_of_the_county_of_He.html?id=Ia3MDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=kp_read_button&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=chipping&f=false |accessdate=28 August 2020}}</ref> On the north side of Chipping Hall is a large eighteenth-century farmyard, once apart of Chipping Hall farm, it was sold and converted into housing around 2007. ▼
▲Chipping also includes the [[manor house]] of Chipping Hall (formerly Pope's Hall), with the current hall dating from the early eighteenth-century, the main hall, dovecot and walled gardens are constructed in early [[Georgian architecture]] from red brick.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pope's Hall / Chipping Hall And Garden Walls |url=https://historicengland.org.uk/images-books/photos/item/IOE01/08803/16 |website=Historic England |publisher=Historic England |accessdate=24 August 2020}}</ref> The manor of Pope's Hall was inherited by [[Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence]] from his wife [[Elizabeth de Burgh, 4th Countess of Ulster]] after her death in 1363.<ref>{{cite book |last1=William |first1=Page |title=The Victoria history of the county of Hertford |date=1902 |publisher=University of London, Institute of Historical Research |page=72 |url=https://books.google.
Chipping also includes a former Congregational Chapel which was constructed in 1844 and a former Mission Room constructed in 1878 for a cost of £380, both are now in private ownership.<ref>{{cite web |title=Independent Chapel (Former), Ermine StreeChipping now called Mission Hall |url=https://hertfordshirechurches.wordpress.com/2016/11/19/independent-chapel-former-ermine-street-chipping-now-called-mission-hall/ |website=Hertfordshire Churches in Photographys |publisher=Hertfordshire Churches in Photographys |accessdate=24 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Chipping History |url=https://forebears.io/england/hertfordshire/buckland/chipping |website=Forebears |publisher=Forebears |accessdate=24 August 2020}}</ref> The village still includes several historic buildings and thatched cottages dating from the 17th century and earlier.▼
▲Chipping also includes a former Congregational Chapel which was constructed in 1844 and a former Mission Room constructed in 1878 for a cost of £380, both are now in private ownership.<ref>{{cite web |title=Independent Chapel (Former), Ermine StreeChipping now called Mission Hall |url=https://hertfordshirechurches.wordpress.com/2016/11/19/independent-chapel-former-ermine-street-chipping-now-called-mission-hall/ |website=Hertfordshire Churches in
The name [[Chipping (disambiguation)|Chipping]] likely derives from ''ceapen'', an [[Old English language|Old English]] word meaning 'market', likely referring to the market hosted in Chipping between 1252 and 1360, though it is also possible the name rather derives from the [[Medieval English]] word ''chepynge'' meaning 'long market square', supported by early references to Chipping as ''New Cheping''.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chepynge |url=https://medieval_terms.enacademic.com/759/Chepynge |website=Academic.com |publisher=Academic.com |accessdate=28 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=William |first1=Page |title=The Victoria history of the county of Hertford |date=1902 |publisher=University of London, Institute of Historical Research |page=43 |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books/about/The_Victoria_history_of_the_county_of_He.html?id=Ia3MDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=kp_read_button&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=chipping&f=false |accessdate=28 August 2020}}</ref> [[Chipping (disambiguation)|Chipping]] is a prefix name used by several places in [[England]], however, only [[Chipping, Lancashire]] shares the sole use of the name Chipping.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chipping |url=https://www.visitlancashire.com/explore/chipping-p88280 |website=Visit Lancashire |publisher=Visit Lancashire |accessdate=25 August 2020}}</ref>▼
==Toponym==
Chipping's historic name ''New Chipping'' used prior to 1750 (less commonly used until 1900) more specifically meaning 'new market'.<ref>{{cite book |last1=William |first1=Page |title=The Victoria history of the county of Hertford |date=1902 |publisher=University of London, Institute of Historical Research |page=43 |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books/about/The_Victoria_history_of_the_county_of_He.html?id=Ia3MDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=kp_read_button&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=chipping&f=false |accessdate=28 August 2020}}</ref> The reason why ''new'' was dropped from Chipping's name is unknown, though this change was likely gradual, evolving from being ''New Chipping'' to just ''Chipping'' over several hundred years. ▼
▲The name [[Chipping (disambiguation)|Chipping]] likely derives from ''ceapen'', an [[Old English language|Old English]] word meaning 'market',
▲Chipping's historic name ''New Chipping'' used prior to 1750 (less commonly used until 1900) more specifically meaning 'new market'.<ref>{{cite book |last1=William |first1=Page |title=The Victoria history of the county of Hertford |date=1902 |publisher=University of London, Institute of Historical Research |page=43 |url=https://books.google.
==Geography== ▼
===Landscape===
[[File:Bridleway to Capons Wood - 4210264.jpg|thumb|240px|Bridleway to Capons Wood]]
Chipping is situated at the foot of three hills, to the north Chipping Hill, to the east Capons Hill and the west Mill Hill.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ordnance Survey (includes: Barkway; Buckland; Kelshall; Reed; Sandon; Therfield; Wyddial) Publication date: 1956 |url=https://maps.nls.uk/view/94815858 |website=National Library of Scotland |publisher=Ordnance Survey |accessdate=29 August 2020}}</ref> Though historically Chipping was surrounded by dense woodland used for graving pigs and sheep, today only Capons Wood to the east and Burhill Wood to the west of the village survive (never have public right of way).<ref>{{cite web |title=CAPONS WOOD, EAST HERTFORDSHIRE |url=https://getoutside.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/local/capons-wood-east-hertfordshire |website=Get Outside |publisher=Get Outside |accessdate=14 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Burhill Wood, East Hertfordshire |url=https://getoutside.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/local/burhill-wood-east-hertfordshire |website=getoutside |publisher=getoutside |accessdate=24 August 2020}}</ref> College Wood (formerly adjacent to Capons Wood) was removed in the 1950s/60s, alongside the reduction in the size of Burhill Wood (around 80% of its total area) to make way for increased farmland.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ordnance Survey (includes: Barkway; Buckland; Kelshall; Reed; Sandon; Therfield; Wyddial) Publication date: 1956 |url=https://maps.nls.uk/view/94815858 |website=National Library of Scotland |publisher=Ordnance Survey |accessdate=29 August 2020}}</ref>
The [[River Rib]] runs through the village, with one bridge (Chipping Bridge) across the [[A10 road (England)|A10]] and two fords along public footpaths crossing the river.<ref>{{cite web |title=River Rib |url=https://www.routeyou.com/en-gb/location/view/48000575/river-rib |website=routeyou |publisher=routeyou |accessdate=24 August 2020}}</ref>
The village of [[Buckland, Hertfordshire|Buckland]] lies one mile north of Chipping, whilst the [[prime meridian]] passes to the east of Chipping.<ref>{{cite web |title=Buckland East Hertfordshire |url=https://getoutside.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/local/buckland-east-hertfordshire |website=GetOutside |publisher=GetOutside |accessdate=25 August 2020}}</ref>
===Wildlife===
The land surrounding Chipping is dominated by farmland growing [[Winter wheat]], [[Rapeseed]], [[Borage]] and [[Vicia faba|Broad beans]].<ref>{{cite web |title=A Brief History of Buckland & Chipping |url=http://www.bucklandandchippingpc.org.uk/history.php |website=Buckland and Chipping Parish Council |publisher=Buckland and Chipping Parish Council |accessdate=24 August 2020}}</ref> Such a habitat has meant farmland birds such as the [[grey partridge]], [[lapwing]], [[Eurasian skylark|skylark]], [[yellowhammer]] and [[corn bunting]] can be found along the many [[Bridle path|bridleways]] and [[Rights of way in England and Wales|public footpaths]] surrounding Chipping, even though these birds are declining nationally.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Brief History of Buckland & Chipping |url=http://www.bucklandandchippingpc.org.uk/history.php |website=Buckland and Chipping Parish Council |publisher=Buckland and Chipping Parish Council |accessdate=24 August 2020}}</ref>
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*[[Toponymy of England]]
*[[List of generic forms in British place names]]
*{{Commons category-inline|Chipping, Hertfordshire|Chipping}}▼
==References==
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==External links==
▲*{{Commons category-inline|Chipping, Hertfordshire|Chipping}}
*https://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/place/26471
*http://www.bucklandandchippingpc.org.uk/
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*http://www.hertfordshire-genealogy.co.uk/data/places/places-b/buckland/buckland.htm
▲{{authority control}}
[[Category:Hamlets in Hertfordshire]]
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