Citron: Difference between revisions

Archaeological evidence for citrus fruits has been limited, as neither seeds nor pollen are likely to be routinely recovered in archaeology.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fuller |first1=Dorian Q. |last2=Castillo |first2=Cristina |last3=Kingwell-Banham |first3=Eleanor |last4=Qin |first4=Ling |last5=Weisskopf |first5=Alison |title=Charred pummelo peel, historical linguistics and other tree crops: Approaches to framing the historical context of early Citrus cultivation in East, South and Southeast Asia |url=https://books.openedition.org/pcjb/2173?lang=en#ftn2 |website=AGRUMED: Archaeology and history of citrus fruit in the Mediterranean : Acclimatization, diversifications, uses |series=Collection du Centre Jean Bérard |publisher=Publications du Centre Jean Bérard |language=en |date=15 January 2018|isbn=9782918887775 }}</ref> The citron is thought to have been native to [[India]],<ref name="Talon" /> in valleys at the foothills of the eastern [[Himalayas]]. It is thought that by the 4th century BC, when [[Theophrastus]] mentions the "Median appleaplle" Despite its scientific designa­tion, which is an adaptation of the old name in classical Greek sources “Median pome”, this fruit was not indigenous to Media or ancient Media <ref>{{https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/citrus-fruits-}}</ref> <ref>''Inquiry into Plants'' 4.iv.2.</ref> the citron was mostly cultivated in the [[Caspian Sea]](north of Mazandarn and Gilan) on its way to the [[Mediterranean basin]], where it was cultivated during the later centuries in different areas as described by Erich Isaac.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Erich Isaac |title=The Citron in the Mediterranean: a study in religious influences |journal=Economic Geography |volume=35 |issue=1 |date=January 1959 |pages=71–78 |doi=10.2307/142080 |jstor=142080}}</ref> Many mention the role of [[Alexander the Great]] and his armies as they attacked [[Achaemenid Empire|Iran]] and what is today [[Pakistan]], as being responsible for the spread of the citron westward, reaching the [[Europe]]an countries such as [[Greece]] and [[Italy]].<ref name="Purdue Citron" /><ref name="Simoons p.200">{{cite book |author=Frederick J. Simoons |title=Food in China: a cultural and historical inquiry |publisher=CRC Press |year=1990 |isbn=9780849388040 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fo087ZxohA4C&q=alexander+the+great+citron&pg=PA200 |page=200}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.citrusvariety.ucr.edu/citrus/ethrog.html|title=ethrog|publisher=University of California, Riverside|access-date=2008-05-04|archive-date=2015-06-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150608215246/http://www.citrusvariety.ucr.edu/citrus/ethrog.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Marion Eugene Ensminger |author2=Audrey H. Ensminger |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o3UD2iL4sAAC&q=Alexander+the+great+citron&pg=PA424 |title=Foods & Nutrition Encyclopedia |edition=2nd |volume=1 |publisher=CRC Press |year=1993 |isbn=9780849389818 |page=424}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Francesco Calabrese |chapter=Origin and history |editor=Giovanni Dugo |editor2=Angelo Di Giacomo |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OLaykfpqSaYC&q=alexander+the+great+citron&pg=PA4 |title=Citrus: The Citrus Genus |publisher=CRC Press |date=2003 |page=4 |isbn=9780203216613}}</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=SmRJnd73dbYC&dq=alexander+the+great+citron&pg=PA7 Biology of Citrus]{{dead link|date=November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=H. Harold Hume |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WP3ohzxbRxgC&q=alexander+the+great+citron&pg=PA59 |title=Citrus Fruits and Their Culture |publisher=Read Books |year=2007 |isbn=9781406781564 |page=59}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Emmanuel Bonavia|author-link=Emmanuel Bonavia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tsNBAAAAIAAJ&q=alexander%20the%20great%20citron&pg=PA255 |title=The Cultivated Oranges and Lemons, Etc. of India and Ceylon |publisher=W. H. Allen |year=1888 |page=255}}</ref>