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The nearby monumental baths at [[Terme Taurine]] were built originally in the Roman Republican era, possibly by [[Titus Statilius Taurus]], prefect of Rome.
The harbour was greatly enlarged by the [[Emperor Trajan]] at the beginning of the 2nd century and known as Centum Cellae thereafter probably due to the many vaulted "cells" forming the harbour wall some of which can still be seen. The first occurrence of the name Centum Cellae is from a letter by [[Pliny the Younger]]<ref name="auto">Pliny Epist. 6.31</ref> in AD 107. It has been suggested that the name could instead refer to the ''centum'' ("hundred") halls of the extensive villa of Trajan which was nearby.<ref name="EB1911">{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Civita Vecchia|volume=6|pages=416–417}}</ref> The harbour was probably built by Trajan's favourite architect, [[Apollodorus of Damascus]] (who also built the harbour of [[Ancona]]). The town was also known as Centum Cellae and was developed from the same time. Trajan's sumptuous villa ''pulcherrima'' (most beautiful, according to Pliny<ref
Inscriptions from between the 2nd and 3rd centuries from a cemetery near the Roman harbour prove the presence of ''classiari'', sailors from the navy, and also of a noble class. They also tell of the number and type of ships which were detachments of the fleets of Ravenna and of Misenum.<ref>Hidden Treasures in the Darsena Romana in the Port of Civitavecchia https://civitavecchia.portmobility.it/en/hidden-treasures-darsena-romana-port-civitavecchia</ref>
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The Papal troops opened the gates of the fortress to the Italian general [[Nino Bixio]] in 1870. This permanently removed the port from papal control.
During [[World War II]], the [[Allies of World War II|Allies]] launched several bombing raids against Civitavecchia, which damaged the city and inflicted several civilian casualties.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.portofrome.it/history-of-civitavecchia/?lang=en|title = History of Civitavecchia | Port of Rome – Civitavecchia}}</ref> On June 27, 1944, two American soldiers from the [[6th Port Headquarters|379th Port Battalion]], Fred A. McMurray and [[Louis Till]], allegedly raped two Italian women in Civitavecchia and murdered a third. McMurray and Till were subsequently both executed by the [[United States Army]] by [[hanging]] five months later.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.esquire.com/news-politics/a48989/black-and-white-case/|title=Emmett Till, His Father, and the Scars on America's Soul|date=October 19, 2016|website=Esquire}}</ref>
==Economy==
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[[File:Binari stazione Civitavecchia.jpg|thumb|250px|View of station platforms]]
The [[Port of Civitavecchia]], also known as "Port of [[Rome]]",<ref>{{
[[Civitavecchia railway station]], opened in 1859, is the western terminus of the [[Rome–Civitavecchia railway]], which forms part of the [[Pisa–Livorno–Rome railway]].
A short line linking the town center to the harbour survived until the early 2000s.<ref>{{
Civitavecchia is served by the [[Autostrada A12 (Italy)|A12]], an unconnected motorway linking [[Rome]] to [[Genoa]] and by the [[State highway (Italy)|State highway SS1]] ''[[Via Aurelia]]'', which also links the two stretches. The town is also interested by a project regarding a new motorway, the Civitavecchia-[[Venice]] or ''New Romea'',<ref>{{in lang|it}} [http://www.stradeanas.it/index.php?/content/index/arg/civitavecchia_orte_mestre Article at] [[ANAS]] website</ref> nowadays completed as a [[dual carriageway]] between [[Viterbo]] and [[Ravenna]] (via [[Terni]], [[Perugia]] and [[Cesena]]) and commonly known in Italy as the ''[[Orte]]-Ravenna''.
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