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{{Infobox settlement
| name = adAd-Dhahiriya
| translit_lang1 = Arabic
| translit_lang1_type = [[Arabic script|Arabic]]
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| pushpin_map = Palestine#West Bank
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of ad-Dhahiriya within [[State of Palestine|Palestine]]##Location of ad-Dhahiriya within the West Bank
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| government_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| government_type = [[List of cities in Palestinian Authority areas|City]]
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| population_footnotes = <ref name="PrelimCensus2017">{{cite report |date=February 2018 |title=Preliminary Results of the Population, Housing and Establishments Census, 2017 |url=https://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Downloads/book2364-1.pdf |department=[[Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics]] (PCBS) |publisher=[[State of Palestine]] |pages=64–82 |access-date=2023-10-24}}</ref>
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 38,00235924
| population_as_of = 20162017
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'''adAd-Dhahiriya''' (also '''az-Zahiriya''') ({{lang-langx|ar|الظاهرية}}) is a [[PalestinianState peopleof Palestine|Palestinian]] city in the [[Hebron Governorate]] of the [[State of Palestine]], 2322&nbsp;km southwest of the city of [[Hebron]] in the southern [[West Bank]]. According to the [[Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics]], ad-Dhahiriya had a population of 38.00235,924 in 20162017.<ref>[http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_Rainbow/Documents/hebrn.htm 'Localitiesname="PrelimCensus2017" in Hebron Governorate by Type of Locality and Population Estimates, 2007-2016 ,'] Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, 2016.</ref>
 
==History==
===Biblical connection, local traditions, archaeology===
[[File:Al-Duhayriyya.jpg|thumb|right|Ad-Dhahiriya in the 1920s]]
According to [[Claude Reignier Conder|Conder]] and [[Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|Kitchener]], Ad-Dhahiriya was initially probably the site of the ancient biblical town of [[Debir]].<ref name=SWP302>Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/402/mode/1up 402]</ref> However, now Debir is thought to be more likely identified with [[Rabud]].<ref>{{cite journal | author = Kochavi, M. | year = 1974 | title = Khirbet Rabud = Debir | journal = Tel Aviv | volume = 1 | pages = 2–33}}</ref> They found the village undermined by caves. In the centre of Adad-Dhahiriya was a tower, which appeared to be from before the [[Crusader states|Crusader]] era, possibly from early Christian or Roman period.<ref>Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/406/mode/1up 406]-408</ref>▼
 
Local tradition, supported by archaeology, have that modern day ad-Dhahiriya was founded by the [[Mamluk Sultanate|Mamluk]] sultan [[Baybars]] ({{reign|1260|1277}}), whose regnal title was 'al-Zahir' (also transliterated 'al-Dhahir').<ref>Pringle, 1997, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=-_NbE5obqRMC&pg=PA47 47]</ref> Another oral tradition suggests that ad-Dhahiriya was founded after the 16th century.<ref>Grossman, D. "The expansion of the settlement frontier of Hebron's western and southern fringes". ''[[Geography Research Forum]]'', 5, 1982, p. 62.</ref>
▲According to [[Claude Reignier Conder|Conder]] and [[Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|Kitchener]] Ad-Dhahiriya was probably the site of the ancient biblical town of [[Debir]].<ref name=SWP302>Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/402/mode/1up 402]</ref> They found the village undermined by caves. In the centre of Ad-Dhahiriya was a tower, which appeared to be from before the [[Crusader states|Crusader]] era, possibly from early Christian or Roman period.<ref>Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/406/mode/1up 406]-408</ref>
 
===Ottoman eraperiod===▼
Local tradition, supported by archaeology, have that ad-Dhahiriya was founded by [[Baibars]] (1223/1228 – 1277).<ref>Pringle, 1997, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=-_NbE5obqRMC&pg=PA47 47]</ref>
[[File:الظاهرية_,_البلدة_القديمة.jpg|thumb|Ruins in the historical core of Dhahiriya]]
 
In the various [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] [[Defter|censustax record]]s inof the sixteenth16th century, 'the village, listed under the name 'Darusiyya'', was notedpart as located inof the ''[[nahiya]]'' (subdistrict) of [[Hebron|Halil]] (Hebron). In the 932 [[Hijri year|AH]]/1525-1526 [[Common Era|CE]] census, the villagers also cultivated the fields at ''a place called Bayt Hawran''. In 961/1553-1554, itthe village was reported as derelict, while in 970/1562-1563 and 1005/1596-1597, it was reported as a villageinhabited.<ref>Toledano, 1984, p. 302, has ''Darusiyya'' at location 31°39′25″N, 34°55′45″E </ref>▼
▲===Ottoman era===
▲In the various [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] [[Defter|census]] in the sixteenth century, ''Darusiyya'' was noted as located in the ''[[nahiya]]'' of [[Hebron|Halil]]. In the 932 [[Hijri year|AH]]/1525-1526 [[Common Era|CE]] census, the villagers also cultivated the fields at ''Bayt Hawran''. In 961/1553-1554, it was reported as derelict, while in 970/1562-1563 and 1005/1596-1597, it was reported as a village.<ref>Toledano, 1984, p. 302, has ''Darusiyya'' at location 31°39′25″N, 34°55′45″E </ref>
 
In 1838, [[Edward Robinson (scholar)|Edward Robinson]] noted ''edhad-Dhoheriyeh''Dhahiriya aswas a [[Muslim]] village, located southwest of [[el-Khulil]]Hebron.<ref name=Robinson116>Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix 2, p. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/116/mode/1up 116]</ref><ref>Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, p. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/n22/mode/1up 5]</ref> Robinson further remarked: "A castle or fortress apparently once stood here; the remains of a square tower are still to be seen, now used as a dwelling; and the door-ways of many hovels are of hewn stone with arches. It would seem to have been one of the line of small fortresses, which apparently once existed all along the southern border of Palestine. The village contains, according to the government census, one hundred full-grown men; of whom thirty-eight had been taken at three separate times for the Egyptian army. Though half in ruins, it is yet rich in flocks and herds, and has at least hundred camels. The inhabitants are ''Hudhr'', or townsmen; and belonging to the party called [[Keis]]. Most of the villagers in this quarter are of this party; as well as some of the [[Bedawin]]."<ref>Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 1, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearc01smitgoog#page/n343/mode/1up 311]-312</ref><ref>Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 2, p. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearc00smitgoog#page/n216/mode/1up 194]</ref>
 
In 1856, a Scottish clergyman, [[Horatius Bonar]] described the village and its ruined castle: "Suddenly, at an abrupt elbow of the ravine, we are relieved by seeing the old castle, perched on its rocky height well in the setting sun; the poor village, which seems to hang about it, with its square yellow huts, rather helps, at this distance, to improve its appearance, and to give dignity to its towers and broken ramparts. From this point it looks much bolder and substantial than it is; not so isolated as [[El-Aujeh]], which we passed some days ago, but well-set upon yon craggy perch. Like most of its fellow castles in the east and border “peels”"peels" in the north, it has seen better days, and has at one time, been a noble stronghold for [[Roman Empire|Romans]], or [[Crusades|Crusaders]], or Turks..."<ref>Bonar, 1858, p. [https://archive.org/stream/landofpromisenot00bona#page/32/mode/1up 32]</ref>
 
In 1863 the French traveler [[Victor Guérin]] visited the place, and found that many of the men had fled, mostly further south in tents, in order to avoid [[conscription]]. He noted one building, measuring sixteen steps on each side which was built in beautiful stone. It contained several [[vaulted]] chambers, and was the home of one of the [[sheikh]]s of the village.
Several other private houses were also built with fine materials, from old buildings; some even seemed to date, either entirely or only in their lower [[Course (architecture)|courses]] from the Roman period.<ref>Guérin, 1869, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr06gugoog#page/n374/mode/1up 361], [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr06gugoog#page/n380/mode/1up 367]-368</ref>
 
An Ottoman village list of about 1870 indicated 57 houses and a population of 206, though the population count included men, only.<ref>Socin, 1879, p. [https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde01deut#page/163/mode/1up 163]</ref><ref>Hartmann, 1883, p. [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_BZobAQAAIAAJ#page/n950/mode/1up 142] noted 62 houses</ref> According to the [[Palestine Exploration Fund|PEF]]'s ''[[PEF Survey of Palestine|Survey of Western Palestine]]'', (SWP), the village had a population of 300-400 in 1874. In 1877, it was deserted due to "encroachment of the Arabs [Bedouins] into the country of the [[fellahin]]".<ref name=SWP302/> According to the geographer David Grossman, the Bedouins were allies of the nearby town of [[Dura, Hebron|Dura]].<ref name=":0" />
 
===British MandateMandatory eraperiod===▼
According to the [[Palestine Exploration Fund|PEF]]'s ''[[PEF Survey of Palestine|Survey of Western Palestine]]'', (SWP), the village had a population of 300-400 in 1874. In 1877, it was deserted due to "encroachment of the Arabs into the country of the [[fellahin]]".<ref name=SWP302/>
[[File:Al-Duhayriyya.jpg|thumb|right|Ad-Dhahiriya in the 1920s]]In 1921, a violent conflict erupted between the residents of ad-Dhahiriya and Dura. It was resolved through the imposition of a hefty fine of 20,000 Egyptian pounds on the "brigands" of Dura.<ref name=":0">{{cite journal |last=Grossman |first=D. |title=The Expansion of the Settlement Frontier of Hebron's Western and Southern Fringes |journal=Geography Research Forum |volume=5 |year=1982 |pages=62-69}}</ref>
 
In the [[1922 census of Palestine]] conducted by the [[Mandatory Palestine|British Mandate authorities]], ad-Dhahiriya had an entirely Muslim population of 2,266 inhabitants,<ref name=Census1922>Barron, 1923, Table V, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n12/mode/1up 10]</ref> increasing in the [[1931 census of Palestine|1931 census]] to 2,930, still all Muslim, in 603 houses.<ref name="Census1931">Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas 28].</ref> In the [[Village Statistics, 1945|1945 statistics]] the population of Ad-Dhahiriya was 3,760, all Muslims,<ref name=1945p23>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. [http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VSpages/VS1945_p23.jpg 23]</ref> who owned 60,585 [[dunam]]s of land according to an official land and population survey.<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Hebron/Page-050.jpg 50] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604210408/http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Hebron/Page-050.jpg |date=4 June 2011 }}</ref> 166 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 54,205 for cereals,<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [https://archive.today/20120907073152/http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Hebron/Page-093.jpg 93]</ref> while 284 dunams were built-up (urban) land.<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [https://archive.today/20130131005326/http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Hebron/Page-143.jpg 143]</ref>▼
▲===British Mandate era===
In the [[1922 census of Palestine]] conducted by the [[Mandatory Palestine|British Mandate authorities]], Ad-Dhahiriya (called: ''AI Dahriyeh'') had an entirely [[Muslim]] population of 2,266 inhabitants,<ref name=Census1922>Barron, 1923, Table V, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n12/mode/1up 10]</ref> increasing in the [[1931 census of Palestine|1931 census]] to 2,930, still all Muslim, in 603 houses.<ref name="Census1931">Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas 28].</ref>
 
===Jordanian eraperiod===▼
▲In the [[Village Statistics, 1945|1945 statistics]] the population of Ad-Dhahiriya was 3,760, all Muslims,<ref name=1945p23>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. [http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VSpages/VS1945_p23.jpg 23]</ref> who owned 60,585 [[dunam]]s of land according to an official land and population survey.<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Hebron/Page-050.jpg 50] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604210408/http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Hebron/Page-050.jpg |date=4 June 2011 }}</ref> 166 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 54,205 for cereals,<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [https://archive.today/20120907073152/http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Hebron/Page-093.jpg 93]</ref> while 284 dunams were built-up (urban) land.<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [https://archive.today/20130131005326/http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Hebron/Page-143.jpg 143]</ref>
In the wake of the [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]], and after the [[1949 Armistice Agreements]], Adad-DhahiritaDhahiriya came under [[Jordan|Jordanian]] rule. It was [[Jordanian annexation of the West Bank|annexedJordanian by Jordanrule]] in 1950. The first village council was established in 1963.▼
 
The Jordanian census of 1961 found 4,199 inhabitants in Ad-Dhahiriya.<ref>Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p. [http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/JordanCensusPages/JordanCensus1961-p13.pdf 13]</ref> In 1963, a village council was established to administer al-Dhahiriya.<ref name="ARIJVP">[http://vprofile.arij.org/hebron/pdfs/Adh%20Dhahiriya%20Town_en.pdf Dhahiriya Town Profile], [[Applied Research Institute–Jerusalem]]. 2009.</ref>▼
▲===Jordanian era===
▲In the wake of the [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]], and after the [[1949 Armistice Agreements]], Ad-Dhahirita came under [[Jordan|Jordanian]] rule. It was [[Jordanian annexation of the West Bank|annexed by Jordan]] in 1950. The first village council was established in 1963.
 
▲The Jordanian census of 1961 found 4,199 inhabitants in Ad-Dhahiriya.<ref>Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p. [http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/JordanCensusPages/JordanCensus1961-p13.pdf 13]</ref>
 
===1967, aftermath===
Since the [[Six-Day War]] in 1967, Adad-Dhahiriya has been under [[Israeli occupation of the West Bank|Israeli occupation]]. The population in the 1967 census conducted by the Israeli authorities was 4,875.<ref name=67census>{{cite web |url=http://www.levyinstitute.org/pubs/1967_census/vol_1_tab_2.pdf |title=The 1967 Census of the West Bank and Gaza Strip: A Digitized Version |author=Perlmann, Joel |date=November 2011 – February 2012 |website=[[Levy Economics Institute]] |publisher= |access-date=24 June 2016 |quote=}}</ref> Since 1995, it has been governed by the [[Palestinian National Authority]] as part of [[Palestinian enclaves|Area A of the West Bank]].
 
In 1996, the Palestinian Authority appointed a municipal council. In 2004, a 13-member council was elected with paid employees.<ref>[http://vprofile.arij.org/hebron/pdfs/needsfordevelopment/Adh%20Dhahiriya_tp_en.pdf The priorities and needs for development in Adh Dhahiriya town based on the community and local authorities’ assessment]</ref>
 
The primary health care facilities for the municipality are designated by the Ministry of Health as level 3.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Sa.nsf/luFullMap/BB0D1D0CC89A371F8525706F00517495/$File/healthinforum_HLT_westbank_opt110205.pdf?OpenElement |title=Health Care Centers in the West Bank February 2005 |access-date=13 March 2006 |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20060313002206/http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Sa.nsf/luFullMap/BB0D1D0CC89A371F8525706F00517495/$File/healthinforum_HLT_westbank_opt110205.pdf?OpenElement |archive-date=13 March 2006 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
 
According to the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), the entrance to the village was closed by an [[Israel Defense Forces|IDF]] earth mound on 14 April 2005, forcing all Palestinians in the area to travel via [[Dura, Hebron|Dura]].<ref>[http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.nsf/1ce874ab1832a53e852570bb006dfaf6/e9f964c822fe2ba985256ff200534246!OpenDocument OCHA Weekly Briefing Notes]{{dead link|date=October 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Update for oPt (13–19 April 2005)</ref>{{Update after|2010|11}}
 
== Geography ==
The town's municipal area spans about 98,000 [[dunam]]s, of which roughly 16,000 dunams are built-up and nearly 23,000 are cultivated. Abutting localities include [[as-Samu']] to the east, [[al-Burj, Hebron|al-Burj]], [[Rabud]] and Kurza to the north, and [[al-Ramadin]] to the west. The Green Line bounds ad-Dhahiriya to the south.<ref name="ARIJVP"/>
 
== Economy ==
Ad-Dhahiriya's location has made it a commercial center for more than 100,000 residents of the [[Negev Desert]], in addition to being a central gathering point for workers who work in the city of [[Beersheba]], both within the [[Green Line (Israel)|Green Line]], from the surrounding southern West Bank areas. According to the records of the municipality, over 1,040 commercial licenses have been issued to professionals and organizations provide a wide range of goods and services, including a comprehensive market to meet the needs of citizens. It is also the home to one of the most important livestock markets in the Palestinian territories.
 
Ad-Dhahiriya's workforce is composed of 68.6% of its population, of which 52% work within the borders of the Green Line, 17% in official government capacities, 15% in agriculture, 11% in trade and 5% in the manufacturing industry.
 
== Culture ==
The old town of ad-Dhahiriya is considered an important site of historical heritage, consisting of 972 structures of historical architectural significance, representing 2.5% of all such buildings within Palestine. Initiatives from donors and the municipality have restored several historical buildings and courtyards. They have invested services and centers for tourists. The most prominent landmarks in Ad-Dhahiriya is the building known as "Al Khawkha", a compound in the old town. Today it has become a center named after Fawzi Pasha, a former leader of the Ottoman Army who constructed a fort with buildings characterized by their distinct architecture of bows and stripes. Also, there are rock wells and caves exhibiting harmonious geometric architecture. In addition to the old town, a number of archaeological sites exist in the villages and hamlets surrounding Ad-Dhahiriya dating back to various historical periods. The most notable of these include Kafr Jul, al-Ras, Deir al-Loz, Um Sir, al-Rawha, al-Ja'bari, Asilah, Badghosh, Deir Sa'idah, Deir al-Hawa, Atir, Umm al-Dimnah, Tell Awad and Umm al-Nakhla.
 
===Anab Church===
The Byzantine Anab Church ({{coord|31|23|47|N|34|55|54|E|region:IL|format=dms|display=inline}}), dated circa 600 CE, is one of the rare churches that was discovered during the last fifteen years in Palestine. The Church is a rectangular basilica, with its length from east to west being twice the width from north to south, with a space of 700 square meters. The mosaic floors of the Church need to be renovated, and the road to the Church has to be paved.
 
===Tomb of Ahmad al-Ghumari===
Dhahiriya is home to the tomb site of ash-Sheikh Ahmad al-Ghumari, a 14th-century [[Sufism|Sufi]] saint renowned for his knowledge of Islamic traditions and authorship of several books. According to tradition, he arrived from his birthplace of [[Ghomaras|Ghomar]], [[Morocco]], by flying on a stone that is still displayed near his tomb in the southern part of town. After making a pilgrimage to [[Mecca]] and then visiting [[Jerusalem]], he settled in Dhahiriya. His descendants, now numbering in the thousands, reside in the area of Hebron.<ref name=":03">{{Cite book |last=Tal |first=Uri |title=Muslim Shrines in Eretz Israel: History, Religion, Traditions, Folklore |publisher=Yad Izhak Ben-Zvi |year=2023 |isbn=978-965-217-452-9 |location=Jerusalem |pages=314}}</ref>
 
== Sports ==
The people of Ad-Dhahiriya are united by their love for sports, especially football. The town's football team, [[Shabab Al-Dhahiriya SC]], which is known as the Deers of the South, is one of the best teams on the national level. It was established in 1974 by a group of young amateurs and became a nationally recognized club that won several national championships, most notable of which were: [[West Bank Super Cup|West Bank Cup]] (1983), Palestinian Union Cup (2005), Abu Ammar Cup (2012, 2015),[[Palestine Cup]] (2012, 2014), as well as the recent Jawwal cup, in addition to several other formal and informal titles and championships.
 
=== Amusement park ===
The municipality had erected Abu Kharrouba park in the southwest part of the city, on an area exceeding 20 dunams, which was a landfill site in the past. In 2015, the municipality established a self-funded amusement park, the first of its kind in the region, which the municipality develops continuously.
 
==References==
{{reflist|25em}}
 
==Bibliography==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book | editor =Barron, J.B. | title = Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922 |url=https://archive.org/details/PalestineCensus1922 |publisher = Government of Palestine | year = 1923}}
*{{cite book|last=Bonar |first=H. |authorlinkauthor-link=Horatius Bonar|title=The land of promise; notes of a Spring-journey from Beersheba to Sidon |url=https://archive.org/details/landofpromisenot00bona |year=1858|publisher= R. Carter & Brothers|location=New York}}
*{{cite book|last1=Conder|first1=C.R.|authorlink1author-link1=Claude Reignier Conder|last2=Kitchener|first2=H.H.|authorlink2author-link2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|year=1883|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp03conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology|location=London|publisher=[[Palestine Exploration Fund|Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund]]|volume=3}} (+special papers p.&nbsp;36)
*{{cite book | title = First Census of Population and Housing. Volume I: Final Tables; General Characteristics of the Population | author = Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics | year = 1964|url=http://cs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/JordanCensus1961bits.pdf}}
*{{cite book|title=Village Statistics, April, 1945 |url=http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/Hebrew/library/Pages/BookReader.aspx?pid=856390|author=Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics|year=1945|publisher= }}
*{{cite book|last=Guérin|first=V.|authorlinkauthor-link=Victor Guérin|title=Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine|url=https://archive.org/details/descriptiongogr06gugoog|volume=1: Judee, pt. 3|year=1869|publisher= L'Imprimerie Nationale|location=Paris|language=Frenchfr}}
*{{cite book|title=Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine|url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html|first=S.|last=Hadawi|authorlinkauthor-link=Sami Hadawi|year=1970|publisher=Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center|access-date=5 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181208215837/http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html|archive-date=8 December 2018|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}
*{{cite journal | last = Hartmann | first =M.| authorlinkauthor-link = Martin Hartmann | title = Die Ortschaftenliste des Liwa Jerusalem in dem türkischen Staatskalender für Syrien auf das Jahr 1288 der Flucht (1871) | journal = Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins | volume = 6 | pages = 102–149[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_BZobAQAAIAAJ/page/n131 102]–149 | url =https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_BZobAQAAIAAJ | year = 1883}}
*{{cite book | editor = Mills, E. | title = Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas |url=https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas | publisher = Government of Palestine | location = Jerusalem | year = 1932}}
*{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=E.H.|authorlinkauthor-link=Edward Henry Palmer|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer|publisher=[[Palestine Exploration Fund|Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund]]}}
*{{cite book|title= Secular buildings in the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: an archaeological Gazetter |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-_NbE5obqRMC|first1last=Denys Pringle |last1first= D.|author-link=Denys Pringle|year=1997|ISBNisbn=0521 -46010 -7|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]}}
*{{cite book |last=Rajab|first=J.|authorlinkauthor-link=Jehan Rajab|year=1989|title=Palestinian Costume|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=guffAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Indiana University|isbn= 0-7141-2517-2}} (contains several striking costumes from Ad-Dhahiriya reproduced from the Rajab Collection, Kuwait.)
*{{cite book|last1=Robinson|first1=E.|authorlink1author-link1=Edward Robinson (scholar)|last2=Smith|first2=E.|authorlink2author-link2=Eli Smith|year=1841|url=https://archive.org/details/biblicalresearc01smitgoog|title=Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838| location=Boston|publisher=[[Crocker & Brewster]]|volume=1}}
*{{cite book|last1=Robinson|first1=E.|authorlink1author-link1=Edward Robinson (scholar)|last2=Smith|first2=E.|authorlink2author-link2=Eli Smith|year=1841|url=https://archive.org/details/biblicalresearc00smitgoog |title=Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838| location=Boston|publisher=[[Crocker & Brewster]]|volume=2}}
*{{cite book|last1=Robinson|first1=E.|authorlink1author-link1=Edward Robinson (scholar)|last2=Smith|first2=E.|authorlink2author-link2=Eli Smith|year=1841|url=https://archive.org/details/biblicalresearch03robiuoft |title=Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838| location=Boston|publisher=[[Crocker & Brewster]]|volume=3}}
*{{cite journal | last = Socin | first =A.| authorlinkauthor-link = Albert Socin | title = Alphabetisches Verzeichniss von Ortschaften des Paschalik Jerusalem | journal = Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins | volume = 2 | pages = 135–163[https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftdesde01deut/page/135 135]–163 | url = https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftdesde01deut | year = 1879}}
*{{cite journal|last=Toledano |first=E. |authorlinkauthor-link=Ehud R. Toledano |title=The Sanjaq of Jerusalem in the Sixteenth Century: Aspects of Topography and Population |url=http://alkindi.ideo-cairo.org/manifestation/61348|journal =Archivum Ottomanicum|volume=9|pages=279–319 |date=1984}}
{{refend}}
 
==External links==
{{commons category}}
*[http://www.palestineremembered.com/GeoPoints/al_Dhahiriya_988/index.html Welcome To The City of al-Dhahiriya]
*[https://www.welcometopalestine.com/destinations/hebron/al-dahriya/ Al Dahriya], Welcome to Palestine
*Survey of Western Palestine, Map 25: [http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=93&type_id=6&id=8387 IAA], [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.25.jpg Wikimedia commons]
*[http://vprofile.arij.org/hebron/pdfs/Adh%20_Dhahiriya%20Town.pdf Adh Dhahiriya Town (Fact Sheet)], [[Applied Research Institute–Jerusalem]] (ARIJ)
*[http://vprofile.arij.org/hebron/pdfsimages/Adh%20Dhahiriya%20Town_en20Areal%20Photo.pdfjpg Dhahiriya Townaerial Profilephoto], ARIJ
*[http://vprofile.arij.org/hebron/images/Adh%20Dhahiriya%20Areal%20Photo.jpg Dhahiriya aerial photo], ARIJ
*[http://vprofile.arij.org/hebron/pdfs/needsfordevelopment/Adh%20Dhahiriya_tp_en.pdf The priorities and needs for development in Adh Dhahiriya town based on the community and local authorities’ assessment], ARIJ
 
{{Cities in the West Bank}}
{{Hebron Governorate}}
{{Authority control}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dhahiriya}}
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