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Krueger developed and applied the method of [[natural experiment]]s<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2019-03-18/princeton-professor-alan-krueger-led-quiet-economics-revolution|title=Alan Krueger Led a Quiet Economics Revolution|last=Smith|first=Noah|date=March 18, 2019|website=Bloomberg|access-date=March 18, 2019}}</ref> to study the effect of education on earnings, the [[minimum wage]] on employment, and other issues.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/18/obituaries/alan-krueger-dead.html|title=Alan B. Krueger, Economic Aide to Clinton and Obama, Dies at 58|last=Casselman|first=Ben|date=March 18, 2019|work=The New York Times|access-date=March 18, 2019|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
Krueger compared restaurant jobs in New Jersey, which raised its minimum wage, to restaurant jobs in Pennsylvania, which did not, and found that restaurant employment in New Jersey increased, while it decreased in Pennsylvania.<ref name="Card and Krueger">{{cite journal |first1=David |last1=Card |first2=Alan B. |last2=Krueger |year=1994 |title=Minimum Wages and Employment: A Case Study of the Fast-Food Industry in New Jersey and Pennsylvania |journal=American Economic Review |volume=84 |issue=4 |pages=772–793 |jstor=2118030 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/22/weekinreview/conversations-david-card-alan-krueger-two-economists-catch-clinton-s-eye-bucking.html|title=Conversations/David Card and Alan Krueger; Two Economists Catch Clinton's Eye By Bucking the Common Wisdom|first=Sylvia|last=Nasar|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=August 22, 1993|access-date=August 29, 2011}}</ref> The results reinvigorated the academic debate on the employment effects of minimum wages and spawned a large literature.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Schmitt|first1=John|title=Why Does the Minimum Wage Have No Discernible Effect on Employment?|url=https://cepr.net/documents/publications/min-wage-2013-02.pdf|website=cepr.net/|publisher=Centre for Economic and Policy Research|access-date=February 5, 2016}}</ref>
His books, ''Education Matters: Selected Essays by Alan B. Krueger'' and (with [[James Heckman]]) ''Inequality in America: What Role for Human Capital Policies?'' reviewed the available research relating to positive [[externality|externalities]] accruing to society from increased government investment in educating the children of the poor. In ''Inequality in America'', he writes:<ref>{{Harvnb|Heckman|Krueger|2003|p=62}}</ref>
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