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== Hinduism ==
[[File:Ravi Varma-Lady Giving Alms at the Temple.jpg|right|thumb|Lady giving alms at the Temple by [[Raja Ravi Varma]]
=== ''Dāna'' in Hinduism ===
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In Hinduism, ''{{IAST|dāna}}'' ({{lang-sa|दान}}) is an ancient concept of almsgiving dating to the [[Vedas|Vedic period]] of Hinduism.<ref name=shahsoulful>Shah et al. (2013), Soulful Corporations: A Values-Based Perspective on Corporate Social Responsibility, Springer, {{ISBN|978-8132212744}}, page 125, Quote: "The concept of Daana (charity) dates back to the Vedic period. The Rig Veda enjoins charity as a duty and responsibility of every citizen."</ref> ''{{IAST|Dāna}}'' has been defined in traditional texts as any action of relinquishing the ownership of what one considered or identified as one's own, and investing the same in a recipient without expecting anything in return.<ref name=kandm3>Krishnan & Manoj (2008), Giving as a theme in the Indian psychology of values, in Handbook of Indian Psychology (Editors: Rao et al.), Cambridge University Press, {{ISBN|978-8175966024}}, pages 361-382</ref> While ''{{IAST|dāna}}'' is typically given to one person or family, Hinduism also discusses charity or giving aimed at public benefit, which is sometimes called ''utsarga''. This aims at larger projects such as building a rest house, school, investing in drinking water or an irrigation well, planting trees, and building care facilities, among others.<ref>Sanjay Agarwal (2010), Daan and Other Giving Traditions in India, {{asin|B00E0R033S}}, page 54-62</ref> The practice of begging for alms is called ''[[bhiksha]]'' ({{lang-sa|भिक्षा}}).<ref>[http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?tinput=dakSiNA&direction=SE&script=HK&link=yes&beginning=0 bhikSA] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427213425/http://spokensanskrit.de/index.php?tinput=dakSiNA&direction=SE&script=HK&link=yes&beginning=0 |date=2015-04-27 }} Sanskrit English Dictionary, University of Koeln, Germany</ref><ref>Alberto Garcia Gomez et al. (2014), Religious Perspectives on Human Vulnerability in Bioethics, Springer, {{ISBN|978-9401787352}}, pages 170-171</ref>
The 11th century [[Persians|Persian]] historian [[Abū Rayḥān al-Bīrūnī]], who visited and lived in [[India]] for 16 years
{{blockquote|After the taxes, there are different opinions on how to spend their income. Some destine one-ninth of it for alms.<ref>Al Biruni states that another one-ninth is put into savings/reserve, one-ninth in investment/trade for profits</ref> Others divide this income (after taxes) into four portions. One fourth is destined for common expenses, the second for liberal works of a noble mind, the third for alms, and the fourth for being kept in reserve.| Abū Rayḥān al-Bīrūnī, Tarikh Al-Hind, 11th century AD<ref name="birunihind"/>}}
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==== In the Upanishads ====
The early [[Upanishads]], those composed before 500 BCE, discuss the virtue of almsgiving. For example, [[Brihadaranyaka Upanishad]] states in verse 5.2.3 that three characteristics of a good, developed person are self-restraint (''[[Temperance (virtue)#Hinduism|dama]]''), compassion or love for all sentient life (''daya''), and charity (''{{IAST|dāna}}'')
==== In Mahabharata and Puranas ====
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