Apartment: Difference between revisions

In [[Scotland]], the term "[[tenement]]" lacks the pejorative connotations it carries elsewhere and refers simply to any block of flats sharing a common central staircase and lacking an elevator, particularly those constructed before 1919. Tenements were, and continue to be, inhabited by a wide range of social classes and income groups. Tenements today are bought by a wide range of social types, including young professionals, older [[retirees]], and by [[absentee landlords]], often for rental to students after they leave [[dorm|halls of residence]] managed by their institution. The [[National Trust for Scotland]] [[Tenement House (Glasgow)]] is a [[historic house museum]] offering an insight into the lifestyle of tenement dwellers, as it was generations ago.

 

 

In [[Glasgow]], where Scotland's highest concentration of tenement dwellings can be found, the urban renewal projects of the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s brought an end to the city's slums, which had primarily consisted of older tenements built in the early 19th century in which large [[extended families]] would live together in cramped conditions. They were replaced by high-rise blocks that, within a couple of decades, became notorious for crime and poverty. The [[Glasgow Corporation]] made many efforts to improve the situation, most successfully with the City Improvement Trust, which cleared the slums of the old town, replacing them with what they thought of as a traditional high street, which remains an imposing townscape. (The City Halls and the [[Cleland Testimonial]] were part of this scheme.) National government help was given following [[World War I]] when Housing Acts sought to provide "homes fit for heroes". Garden suburb areas, based on English models, such as [[Knightswood]], were set up. These proved too expensive, so a modern tenement, three stories high, slate roofed and built of reconstituted stone, was re-introduced and a [[slum clearance]] programme initiated to clear areas such as the [[Calton, Glasgow|Calton]] and the [[Garngad]].

After [[Second World War|World War II]], more ambitious plans, known as the [[Bruce Plan]], were made for the complete evacuation of slums for modern mid-rise housing developments on the outskirts of the city. However, the central government refused to fund the plans, preferring instead to depopulate the city to a series of [[New towns in the United Kingdom|New Towns.]]<ref name="autogenerated2">Williamson, E., Riches, A. & Higgs, M. ''The Buildings of Scotland: Glasgow''. London: Penguin Books, 1990 {{ISBN|0-14-071069-8}}</ref><ref>[http://www.scotcities.com/cathcart/houses.htm Houses and Mansions: Domestic Architecture of Glasgow's South Side] 2008-06-03</ref> Again, economic considerations meant that many of the planned "New Town" amenities were never built in these areas. These housing estates, known as "schemes", came therefore to be widely regarded as unsuccessful; many, such as [[Castlemilk]], were just dormitories well away from the centre of the city with no amenities, such as shops and [[public houses]] ("deserts with windows", as [[Billy Connolly]] once put it). High-rise living too started off with bright ambition—the Moss Heights, built in the 1950s, are still desirable—but fell prey to later economic pressure. Many of the later tower blocks were poorly designed and cheaply built and their anonymity caused some social problems. The demolition of the tower blocks in order to build modern housing schemes has in some cases led to a re-interpretations of the tenement.

 

 

===United States===

{{See also|Housing in South Korea}}

As of 2019, a majority of Koreans live in apartments.<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=ko:인구총조사 {{!}} 통계청 |trans-title=the census {{!}} National Statistical Office |url=https://kostat.go.kr/portal/korea/kor_nw/1/2/2/index.board?bmode=read&aSeq=384690&pageNo=&rowNum=10&amSeq=&sTarget=&sTxt= |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518110359/https://kostat.go.kr/portal/korea/kor_nw/1/2/2/index.board?bmode=read&aSeq=384690&pageNo=&rowNum=10&amSeq=&sTarget=&sTxt= |archive-date=2021-05-18 |access-date=2022-11-25 |publisher=kostat.go.kr}}</ref> Since the 1980s, the number of apartment residents has soared, and as the number of apartments has steadily increased, apartments have become a representative form of residence where more than half of the Korean population resides.

 

It is the most common house in small and medium-sized cities in Korea, and even these days, apartments are quite visible in rural areas such as remote areas. This is because small and medium-sized construction companies have technology, but they lack the capital to build large complexes in large cities. The better the location, the more expensive the apartment is, and the more expensive the apartment complex built by a large construction company<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-28 |script-title=ko:[2021아파트브랜드대상] 브랜드의 차이가 집값을 가른다 |trans-title=The difference in the brand determines the price of the house |url=https://www.asiae.co.kr/article/2021052811311363140 |access-date=2022-11-25 |website=아시아경제 |language=ko}}</ref> and with a large number of households. Also, even the same type of flat in the same complex is not all of the same price. Due to problems such as the right to sunlight and prospects, the low-rise households on the first and third floors are generally the cheapest, and the higher they go, the more expensive they become.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-04-27 |script-title=ko:같은 동·같은 평형인데…1층부터 9층까지 분양가 다 다르네 |trans-title=It's the same equilibrium, but...From the 1st to the 9th floors, the prices are all different |url=https://www.hankyung.com/realestate/article/2016042785871 |access-date=2022-11-25 |website=한경닷컴 |language=ko}}</ref> In addition, the price varies depending on other conditions such as the viewing area and the direction of the house, such as south, east, west, and north. The upper floors with a south-facing view are the most expensive. Apartment sales and lease prices are actually the largest and most stable assets owned by a middle-class family in Korea, symbolizing the social status of a family, which forms a class and determines life satisfaction. For this reason, the Korean people have no choice but to react very sensitively to apartment prices.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-07-25 |script-title=ko:[경제신문은 내친구] 한국은 왜 아파트공화국이 됐나요 |trans-title=Why did Korea become an apartment republic? |url=https://www.mk.co.kr/news/society/5247363 |access-date=2022-11-25 |website=매일경제 |language=ko}}</ref>

 

==Notes==