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It will come into force on 1 August 2024. |
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The '''Artificial Intelligence Act''' ('''AI Act'''){{efn|Officially: '''Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence and amending Regulations (EC) No 300/2008, (EU) No 167/2013, (EU) No 168/2013, (EU) 2018/858, (EU) 2018/1139 and (EU) 2019/2144 and Directives 2014/90/EU, (EU) 2016/797 and (EU) 2020/1828'''|name=longtitle}} is a [[Regulation (European Union)|European Union regulation]] concerning [[artificial intelligence]] (AI). It establishes a common regulatory and [[legal framework]] for AI within the [[European Union]] (EU).<ref>{{cite web |title=Proposal for a Regulation laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence: Shaping Europe's digital future |url=https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/proposal-regulation-laying-down-harmonised-rules-artificial-intelligence |website=digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu |date=21 April 2021 |access-date=2023-01-09 |language=en |archive-date=4 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230104120436/https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/proposal-regulation-laying-down-harmonised-rules-artificial-intelligence |url-status=live }}</ref> It will come into force on 1 August 2024.
It covers all types of AI across a broad range of sectors, with exceptions for AI systems used solely for military, national security, research and non-professional purposes.<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 December 2023 |title=Artificial intelligence act: Council and Parliament strike a deal on the first rules for AI in the world |url=https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2023/12/09/artificial-intelligence-act-council-and-parliament-strike-a-deal-on-the-first-worldwide-rules-for-ai/ |access-date=January 6, 2024 |work=Council of the EU |archive-date=10 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110092304/https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2023/12/09/artificial-intelligence-act-council-and-parliament-strike-a-deal-on-the-first-worldwide-rules-for-ai/ |url-status=live }}</ref> As a piece of product regulation, it does not confer rights on individuals, but regulates the providers of AI systems and entities using AI in a professional context.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Mueller |first=Benjamin |date=2021-05-04 |title=The Artificial Intelligence Act: A Quick Explainer |url=https://datainnovation.org/2021/05/the-artificial-intelligence-act-a-quick-explainer/ |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=Center for Data Innovation |language=en-US |archive-date=14 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014172842/http://datainnovation.org/2021/05/the-artificial-intelligence-act-a-quick-explainer/
Proposed by the [[European Commission]] on 21 April 2021,<ref>{{Cite web |title=EUR-Lex – 52021PC0206 – EN – EUR-Lex |url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52021PC0206 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823212239/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52021PC0206 |archive-date=23 August 2021 |access-date=2021-09-07 |website=eur-lex.europa.eu}}</ref> it passed the [[European Parliament]] on 13 March 2024,<ref name="CNBC">{{cite web |title=World's first major act to regulate AI passed by European lawmakers |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2024/03/13/european-lawmakers-endorse-worlds-first-major-act-to-regulate-ai.html |access-date=13 March 2024 |date=14 March 2024 |work=CNBC |archive-date=13 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313120308/https://www.cnbc.com/2024/03/13/european-lawmakers-endorse-worlds-first-major-act-to-regulate-ai.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and was unanimously approved by the [[Council of the European Union|EU Council]] on 21 May 2024.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |last=Browne |first=Ryan |date=2024-05-21 |title=World's first major law for artificial intelligence gets final EU green light |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2024/05/21/worlds-first-major-law-for-artificial-intelligence-gets-final-eu-green-light.html |access-date=2024-05-22 |website=CNBC |language=en |archive-date=21 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521235907/https://www.cnbc.com/2024/05/21/worlds-first-major-law-for-artificial-intelligence-gets-final-eu-green-light.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The Act also creates a European Artificial Intelligence Board to promote national cooperation and ensure compliance with the regulation.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=MacCarthy|first1=Mark|last2=Propp |first2=Kenneth |date=2021-05-04 |title=Machines learn that Brussels writes the rules: The EU's new AI regulation |url=https://www.brookings.edu/blog/techtank/2021/05/04/machines-learn-that-brussels-writes-the-rules-the-eus-new-ai-regulation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027115538/https://www.brookings.edu/blog/techtank/2021/05/04/machines-learn-that-brussels-writes-the-rules-the-eus-new-ai-regulation/ |archive-date=27 October 2022 |access-date=2021-09-07 |website=Brookings |language=en-US}}</ref> Like the EU's [[General Data Protection Regulation]], the Act can apply [[Extraterritoriality|extraterritorially]] to providers from outside the EU if they have users within the EU.<ref name=":4" />▼
The Act classifies [[#Exemptions|non-exempted]] AI applications by their risk of causing harm. There are four
▲It covers all types of AI across a broad range of sectors, with exceptions for AI systems used solely for military, national security, research and non-professional purposes.<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 December 2023 |title=Artificial intelligence act: Council and Parliament strike a deal on the first rules for AI in the world |url=https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2023/12/09/artificial-intelligence-act-council-and-parliament-strike-a-deal-on-the-first-worldwide-rules-for-ai/ |access-date=January 6, 2024 |work=Council of the EU |archive-date=10 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110092304/https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2023/12/09/artificial-intelligence-act-council-and-parliament-strike-a-deal-on-the-first-worldwide-rules-for-ai/ |url-status=live }}</ref> As a piece of product regulation, it does not confer rights on individuals, but regulates the providers of AI systems and entities using AI in a professional context.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Mueller |first=Benjamin |date=2021-05-04 |title=The Artificial Intelligence Act: A Quick Explainer |url=https://datainnovation.org/2021/05/the-artificial-intelligence-act-a-quick-explainer/ |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=Center for Data Innovation |language=en-US |archive-date=14 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014172842/http://datainnovation.org/2021/05/the-artificial-intelligence-act-a-quick-explainer/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The draft Act was revised to address the rise in popularity of [[generative artificial intelligence]] systems, such as [[ChatGPT]], whose general-purpose capabilities did not fit the main framework.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Coulter |first=Martin |date=December 7, 2023 |title=What is the EU AI Act and when will regulation come into effect? |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/what-are-eus-landmark-ai-rules-2023-12-06/ |work=Reuters |access-date=11 January 2024 |archive-date=10 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210214020/https://www.reuters.com/technology/what-are-eus-landmark-ai-rules-2023-12-06/ |url-status=live }}</ref> More restrictive regulations are planned for powerful generative AI systems with systemic impact.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Espinoza |first=Javier |date=December 9, 2023 |title=EU agrees landmark rules on artificial intelligence |url=https://www.ft.com/content/d5bec462-d948-4437-aab1-e6505031a303 |access-date=2024-01-06 |website=Financial Times |archive-date=29 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231229130308/https://www.ft.com/content/d5bec462-d948-4437-aab1-e6505031a303 |url-status=live }}</ref>
The Act also creates a European Artificial Intelligence Board to promote national cooperation and ensure compliance with the regulation.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=MacCarthy|first1=Mark|last2=Propp |first2=Kenneth |date=2021-05-04 |title=Machines learn that Brussels writes the rules: The EU's new AI regulation |url=https://www.brookings.edu/blog/techtank/2021/05/04/machines-learn-that-brussels-writes-the-rules-the-eus-new-ai-regulation/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027115538/https://www.brookings.edu/blog/techtank/2021/05/04/machines-learn-that-brussels-writes-the-rules-the-eus-new-ai-regulation/ |archive-date=27 October 2022 |access-date=2021-09-07 |website=Brookings |language=en-US}}</ref> Like the EU's [[General Data Protection Regulation]], the Act can apply [[Extraterritoriality|extraterritorially]] to providers from outside the EU if they have users within the EU.<ref name=":4" />
▲The Act classifies [[#Exemptions|non-exempted]] AI applications by their risk of causing harm. There are four levels—unacceptable, high, limited, minimal—plus an additional category for general-purpose AI. Applications with unacceptable risks are banned. High-risk applications must comply with security, [[transparency (behavior)|transparency]] and quality obligations, and undergo [[Conformity assessment|conformity assessments]]. Limited-risk applications only have transparency obligations, while minimal-risk applications are not regulated. For general-purpose AI, transparency requirements are imposed, with additional evaluations for high-capability models.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite news |title=EU AI Act: first regulation on artificial intelligence |url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/headlines/society/20230601STO93804/eu-ai-act-first-regulation-on-artificial-intelligence |access-date=2024-01-06 |work=European Parliament News |language=en |archive-date=10 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110162551/https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/headlines/society/20230601STO93804/eu-ai-act-first-regulation-on-artificial-intelligence |url-status=live }}</ref>
▲Proposed by the [[European Commission]] on 21 April 2021,<ref>{{Cite web |title=EUR-Lex – 52021PC0206 – EN – EUR-Lex |url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52021PC0206 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210823212239/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52021PC0206 |archive-date=23 August 2021 |access-date=2021-09-07 |website=eur-lex.europa.eu}}</ref> it passed the [[European Parliament]] on 13 March 2024,<ref name="CNBC">{{cite web |title=World's first major act to regulate AI passed by European lawmakers |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2024/03/13/european-lawmakers-endorse-worlds-first-major-act-to-regulate-ai.html |access-date=13 March 2024 |date=14 March 2024 |work=CNBC |archive-date=13 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313120308/https://www.cnbc.com/2024/03/13/european-lawmakers-endorse-worlds-first-major-act-to-regulate-ai.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and was unanimously approved by the [[Council of the European Union|EU Council]] on 21 May 2024.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |last=Browne |first=Ryan |date=2024-05-21 |title=World's first major law for artificial intelligence gets final EU green light |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2024/05/21/worlds-first-major-law-for-artificial-intelligence-gets-final-eu-green-light.html |access-date=2024-05-22 |website=CNBC |language=en |archive-date=21 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240521235907/https://www.cnbc.com/2024/05/21/worlds-first-major-law-for-artificial-intelligence-gets-final-eu-green-light.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The draft Act
==Provisions==
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