Archbishop of York: Difference between revisions

| coat_caption = Arms of the [[Diocese of York]]: ''Gules, two keys in saltire the wards upwards argent in chief a regal crown proper''<ref>Debrett's Peerage, 1968, p.1173, with added "the wards upwards" for clarity, as per Debrett's blazon for Bishopbishop of Gloucester</ref>

The '''archbishop of York''' is a senior bishop in the [[Church of England]], second only to the [[archbishop of Canterbury]]. The archbishop is the [[diocesan bishop]] of the [[Diocese of York]] and the [[metropolitan bishop]] of the [[Provinceprovince of York]], which covers the northern regions of England (north of the [[river Trent|Trent]]) as well as the [[Isle of Man]].

The [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] diocese was refounded by [[Paulinus of York|Paulinus]] (a member of [[Augustine of Canterbury|Augustine's mission]]) in the 7th century. Notable among these early bishops is [[Wilfrid]]. These early bishops of York acted as diocesan rather than archdiocesan prelates until the time of [[Ecgbert (bishop)|Ecgbert of York]],{{efn|Paulinus was appointed Archbishoparchbishop of York by [[Pope Honorius I]] in 634, but the appointment was not effective since it occurred after Paulinus had fled from York and become Bishopbishop of Rochester.<ref>Costambeys "[http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/21626 Paulinus (St&nbsp;Paulinus) (d. 644)]" ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''</ref>}} who received the [[pallium]] from [[Pope Gregory III]] in 735 and established metropolitan rights in the north. Until the Danish invasion the archbishops of Canterbury occasionally exercised authority, and it was not until the [[Norman Conquest]] that the archbishops of York asserted their complete independence.

At the time of the [[English Reformation]], York possessed three suffragan sees, Durham, Carlisle, and Sodor and Man, to which during the brief space of [[Mary I of England|Queen Mary I]]'s reign (1553–1558) may be added the Diocese of Chester, founded by [[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]], but subsequently recognised by the Pope.

Until the mid 1530s (and from 1553 to 1558) the bishops and archbishops were Catholics in communion with the [[pope]] in Rome. This is no longer the case, as the archbishop of York, together with the rest of the [[Church of England]], is a member of the [[Anglican Communion]].

The archbishop of York is an ''ex officio'' member of the House of Lords and is styled Primate of England (whereas the archbishop of Canterbury is the Primate of All England); he is referred to as "The Most Reverend", retired archbishops are styled as "The Right Reverend". As archbishops are, by convention, appointed to the [[Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Privy Council]] they may, therefore, also use the style of "[[The Right Honourable]]" for life (unless they are later removed from the council). In debates in the House of Lords, the archbishop is referred to as "The Most Reverend Primate, the Archbishoparchbishop of York". "The Right Honourable" is not used in this instance. He may also be formally addressed as "Your Grace"—or, more often these days, simply as "archbishop", or "Father".

The archbishop of York is the [[metropolitan bishop]] of the [[Provinceprovince of York]] and is the junior of the two archbishops of the Church of England after the archbishop of Canterbury.<ref>{{Harvnb|Fryde|Greenway|Porter|Roy|1986}}, ''Handbook of British Chronology'', 3rd Edition, pp. 224, and 281–284.</ref> The See is currently occupied by [[Stephen Cottrell]] since 9 July 2020.

| Resigned the [[Episcopal see|see]] of York; later became [[Bishop of Lichfield|Bishopbishop of Mercia and Lindsey]]; canonised.

| Ejected from York; later became [[Bishopbishop of Selsey]]{{efn|name=foot| Although Wilfrid established a monastic community in Selsey, there are no early sources that describe him as bishop of the South Saxons. Wilfrid is credited with being [[Bishop of Selsey|first bishop of the South Saxons]], by [[William of Malmesbury]] and [[Florence of Worcester]], also on some later [[Bishop of Chichester|Ecclesiastical lists]], but he was still technically Bishopbishop of York when in charge of [[Selsey Abbey]]. Therefore, as Sussex had been annexed by Wessex then Selsey probably would have been subject to the Diocese of the West Saxons, when Wilfrid was there.<ref>{{Harvnb|Foot|2011}} The Bishopsbishops of Selsey and the Creation of a Diocese for Sussex. pp. 90-101.</ref>}}canonised.

| [[Translation (ecclesiastical)|Translated]] from [[Bishopbishop of Hexham|Hexham]]; resigned the see; canonised in 1037.

| style="text-align: center;" | c. {{Circa|732}}

| York elevated to Archbishopricarchbishopric in 735.

! colspan="4" style="background-color: #7F1734; color: white;" | Pre-Conquest Archbishopsarchbishops of York

| York elevated to Archbishopricarchbishopric in 735.

| style="text-align: center;" | c. {{Circa|767}}

| style="text-align: center;" | c. {{Circa|780}}

| style="text-align: center;" | c. {{Circa|780}}

| style="text-align: center;" | c. {{Circa|808}}

| style="text-align: center;" | c. {{Circa|808}}

| style="text-align: center;" | c. {{Circa|834}}

| style="text-align: center;" | c. {{Circa|896}}

| style="text-align: center;" | c. {{Circa|916}}

| style="text-align: center;" | c. {{Circa|916}}

| style="text-align: center;" | c. {{Circa|958}}

| ''Nominated Archbishoparchbishop, but was quashed by [[Stephen, King of England|King Stephen]]; later became [[Abbot of Melrose]].''

| ''[[Abbot]] of [[Fécamp Abbey]]. Nominated Archbishoparchbishop, but was quashed by [[Pope Innocent II]].''

| Deposed by [[Pope Eugene III]], elected [[Bishopbishop of Chichester]].

| Formerly [[List of Archdeacons of Canterbury|Archdeaconarchdeacon of Canterbury]].

| Formerly [[Bishop of Lincoln|Bishopbishop-elect of Lincoln]]; elected archbishop in 1189, but was only [[consecration|consecrated]] in 1191.

| ''Elected archbishop of York in June 1215, but was quashed on 20 August 1215 by [[Pope Innocent III]] on request from [[John, King of England|King John]]; later became [[List of Archdeacons of Canterbury|Archdeaconarchdeacon of Canterbury]].''

| ''Elected Archbishoparchbishop in August 1405, but was quashed in May 1406.''

| ''Nominated Archbishoparchbishop in May 1406 by [[Pope Innocent VII]], but was vetoed by King [[Henry IV of England|Henry IV]].''

| ''Elected Archbishoparchbishop in 1423, but was quashed in 1424.''

| ''Conferred as Archbishoparchbishop by [[Pope Martin V]], but was refused by King [[Henry V of England|Henry V]], and Fleming resigned the appointment in July 1425.''

| [[File:Abp Sir -William -Dawes-3rd-Bt.jpg|60px]] [[Sir William Dawes, 3rd Baronet|Sir '''William Dawes''', Bt.]]

| [[File:Sir Joshua Reynolds - Robert Hay Drummond, D. D. Archbishop of York... - 46-1930 - Saint Louis Art Museum.jpg|60px]] '''[[Robert Hay Drummond]]'''

| [[File:Official portrait of The Lord Archbishop of York crop 2.jpg|60px]] '''[[John Sentamu]]'''<ref>[http://www.archbishopofyork.org/761 The Archbishop of York] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203205738/http://www.archbishopofyork.org/761 |date=3 December 2008 }}. The official website of Dr John Sentamu, Archbishop of York. Retrieved on 21 November 2008.</ref>

| rowspan=3|as [[Archbishoparchbishop of Canterbury]]

*1929{{snd}}19311929–1931 (res.): [[Bernard Heywood]] — overseeing—overseeing the Archdeaconryarchdeaconry of the East Riding — formerRiding—former [[Bishopbishop of Southwell]]; became [[Bishopbishop suffragan of Hull]] (i.e., effectively the same role) and [[Archdeaconarchdeacon of the East Riding]]<ref>{{Who's Who |id=U238551 |othernamestitle=Heywood, Bernard Oliver Francis |surname=Heywood }}</ref>

*1964{{snd}}19701964–1970 (ret.): [[Mervyn Armstrong]], Adviseradviser on Industryindustry to the Archbishoparchbishop of York and former [[Bishopbishop of Jarrow]]<ref>{{Who's Who |id=U161538 |othernames=Mervyn |surnametitle=Armstrong, Mervyn}}</ref>

*1969{{snd}}19961969–1996 (d.): George Cockin, Rector of [[Bainton, East Riding of Yorkshire|Bainton]] (until 1978) and former [[Bishopbishop of Owerri]]. George Eyles Irwin Cockin (15 August 1908{{snd}}18 November 1996)<ref name="cockin">{{Who's Who |id=U177606 |othernamestitle=Cockin, George Eyles Irwin |surname=Cockin }}</ref> was an Irish missionary in Nigeria.<ref name="owerri">{{Cite web|url=http://www.owerrianglican.org/staff_profile.php|title = Diocese of Owerri (Anglican Communion)}}</ref> Educated at [[Repton School|Repton]] and [[Leeds University]], he was a Tutor at St&nbsp;Paul's College, [[Awka]] (1933–40) and then a Supervisor of Anglican Schools in East Nigeria (1940–52) before training for the ministry at [[Lincoln Theological College]]. He was made deacon in 1953, ordained priest in 1954 and served his title (curacy) in [[Kimberworth]] until 1955. He then returned to Nigeria as Senior Supervisor of Anglican Schools in East Nigeria until 1958; during which time he was also additionally made a Canon of All&nbsp;Saints Cathedral, [[Onitsha]] ([[Anglican Diocese on the Niger|Diocese on the Niger]]), 1957.<ref name="cockin" /> He was elected the first [[Bishopbishop of Owerri]] in 1959 and served until his resignation in 1969.<ref name="cockin" /> He was consecrated a bishop on 27 January 1959 by [[James Horstead]], [[Archbishoparchbishop of West Africa]] and [[Bishopbishop of Sierra Leone]].<ref name="owerri" />

*1977{{snd}}19941977–1994 (d.): [[Richard Wimbush]], Priestpriest-in-charge of [[Etton, East Riding of Yorkshire|Etton]] with [[Dalton Holme]] (until 1983) and former [[Bishopbishop of Argyll and Thethe Isles (Episcopal)|Bishopbishop of Argyll and Thethe Isles]] and [[Primus of the Scottish Episcopal Church|Primus]]<ref>{{Who's Who |id=U176323 |othernamestitle=Wimbush, Richard Knyvet |surname=Wimbush }}</ref>