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| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021">{{cite iucn |
| taxon = Serinus canaria
| authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]])
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}}
The '''Atlantic canary''' ('''''Serinus canaria'''''), known worldwide simply as the '''wild canary''' and also called the '''island canary''', '''common canary''', or '''canary''', is a small [[passerine]] [[bird]] belonging to the [[genus]] ''[[Serinus]]'' in the
This bird is the natural symbol of the Canary Islands, together with the [[Canary Island date palm]].<ref>{{cite
== Description ==
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The [[Bird vocalization|song]] is a silvery twittering similar to the songs of the European serin and [[citril finch]].<ref name=bwpc/><ref name=finches/>
== Taxonomy ==
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== Distribution and habitat ==
[[File:Serinus canaria -Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain-8 (1).jpg|right|thumb|Juvenile on [[Gran Canaria]], Canary Islands, Spain]]
It is [[endemism|endemic]] to the Canary Islands, Azores and Madeira in the region known as [[Macaronesia]] in the eastern [[Atlantic Ocean]]. In the Canary Islands, it is common on [[Tenerife]], [[La Gomera]], [[La Palma]] and [[El Hierro]], but more local on [[Gran Canaria]], and rare on [[Lanzarote]] and [[Fuerteventura]], where it has only recently begun breeding.<ref name=Atlantic/><ref>Clarke, Tony & Collins, David (1996). ''A Birdwatchers' Guide to the Canary Islands''. Prion, Huntingdon. {{ISBN|1-871104-06-8}}.</ref> It is common in Madeira including [[Porto Santo]] and the [[Desertas Islands]], and has been recorded on the [[
It occurs in a wide variety of [[habitat]]s from [[pine]] and [[laurel forest]]s to sand dunes. It is most common in semiopen areas with small trees such as [[orchard]]s and copses. It frequently occurs in man-made habitats such as parks and gardens. It is found from sea-level up to at least 760 m in Madeira, 1,100 m in the Azores and to above 1,500 m in the Canary Islands.<ref name=bwpc/>
It has become established on [[Midway Atoll]] in the northwest [[Hawaiian Islands]], where it was first [[introduced species|introduced]] in 1911. It was also introduced to neighbouring [[Kure Atoll]], but failed to become established there.<ref>Pratt, H. Douglas; Bruner, Philip L. & Berrett, Delwyn G. (1987). ''A Field Guide to the Birds of Hawaii and the Tropical Pacific'', Princeton University Press, Chichester.</ref> Birds were introduced to [[Bermuda]] in 1930 and quickly started breeding, but they began to decline in the 1940s after [[scale insect]]s devastated the population of [[Bermuda cedar]], and by the 1960s they had died out.<ref>Amos, Eric J. R. (1991). ''A guide to the Birds of Bermuda''.</ref> The species also occurs in [[Puerto Rico]], but is not yet established there.<ref>American Ornithologists Union (1998). ''[http://www.aou.org/checklist/index.php3 Checklist of North American Birds] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071211170240/http://www.aou.org/checklist/index.php3 |date=11 December 2007 }}'', 7th ed.</ref> They are also found on [[Ascension Island]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nature Notes – Atlantic canary |url=https://www.ascension.gov.ac/nature-notes-atlantic-canary |access-date=2024-07-09 |website=Ascension Island Government |language=en-GB}}</ref>
== Behavior ==
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The [[egg]]s are laid between January and July in the Canary Islands, from March to June with a peak of April and May in Madeira and from March to July with a peak of May and June in the Azores. They are pale blue or blue-green with violet or reddish markings concentrated at the broad end. A clutch contains 3 to 4 or occasionally 5 eggs and 2-3 broods are raised each year. The eggs are [[egg incubation|incubated]] for 13–14 days and the young birds leave the nest after 14–21 days, most commonly after 15–17 days.<ref name=bwpc/>
[[Inbreeding depression]] occurs in ''S. canaria'' and is more severe during early development under the stressful conditions associated with hatching asynchrony<ref name = deBoer2015>de Boer RA, Eens M, Fransen E, Müller W. Hatching asynchrony aggravates inbreeding depression in a songbird (Serinus canaria): an inbreeding-environment interaction. Evolution. 2015 Apr;69(4):1063-8. doi: 10.1111/evo.12625. Epub 2015 Apr 8. PMID: 25689753</ref>. Hatching asynchrony leads to differences in age and thus in size, so that the environment of the first hatched is relatively benign, compared to that of the last hatched<ref name = deBoer2015/>.
=== Feeding ===
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== External links ==
{{Commons
{{EB1911 poster|Canary}}
* [http://ibc.lynxeds.com/species/island-canary-serinus-canaria Canary videos, photos & sounds] on the Internet Bird Collection
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{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Serinus|Atlantic canary]]
[[Category:Birds of the Canary Islands]]
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