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The '''Bay of Bengal''' is the northeastern part of the [[Indian Ocean]], bounded on the west and northwest by [[India]], on the north by [[Bangladesh]], and on the east by [[Myanmar]] and the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]] of [[India]]. Its southern limit is a line between [[Sangaman Kanda]], [[Sri Lanka]], and the north westernmost point of [[Sumatra]], [[Indonesia]]. It is the largest water region called a [[bay]] in the world. There are [[countries dependent on the Bay of Bengal]] in South Asia and Southeast Asia. During the existence of [[British India]], it was named as the Bay of Bengal after the historic [[Bengal]] region. At the time, the [[Port of Kolkata]] served as the gateway to the [[Crown rule in India]]. [[Cox's Bazar Beach|Cox's Bazar]], the longest sea beach in the world and [[Sundarbans]], the largest [[mangrove forest]] and the natural habitat of the [[Bengal tiger]], are located along the bay.
The Bay of Bengal occupies an area of {{convert|2600,000|km2}}. A number of large rivers flow into the Bay of Bengal: the [[Ganges]]
Important ports include [[Krishnapatnam Port|Krishnapatnam]], [[Port of Chennai|Chennai]], [[Kamarajar Port Limited|Ennore]], [[Port of Chittagong|Chittagong]], [[Colombo]], [[Port of Kolkata|Kolkata]]-[[Haldia]], [[Port of Mongla|Mongla]], [[Paradip]], [[Port Blair]], [[Matarbari Port|Matarbari]], [[V. O. Chidambaranar Port Trust|Thoothukudi]], [[Visakhapatnam Port|Visakhapatnam]] and [[Dhamra Port|Dhamra]]. Among the smaller ports are [[Gopalpur port|Gopalpur Port]], [[Kakinada Port|Kakinada]] and [[Port of Payra|Payra]].
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=== Rivers ===
Many major [[Rivers of India]] and Bangladesh flow west to east before draining into the Bay of Bengal. The [[Ganges|Ganga]] is the northernmost of these rivers. Its main channel enters and flows through Bangladesh, where it is known as the [[Padma River]], before joining the [[Meghna River]]. However, the [[Brahmaputra River]] flows from east to west in [[Assam]] before turning south and entering Bangladesh where it is called the [[Jamuna River]]. This joins the Padma where upon the Padma joins the [[Meghna River]] that finally drains into Bay of Bengal. The [[Sundarbans]] is a mangrove forest in the southern part of the [[Ganges Delta|Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta]] which lies in the Indian state of [[West Bengal]] and in [[Bangladesh]]. The Brahmaputra at {{convert|
The Ganga–Brahmaputra-Barak rivers deposit nearly 1000 million tons of [[sediment]] every year. The sediment from these three rivers form the Bengal Delta and the [[submarine fan]], a vast structure that extends from [[Bengal]] to south of the Equator, is up to {{convert|16.5|km}} thick, and contains at least 1,130 trillion tonnes of sediment, which has accumulated over the last 17 million years at an average rate of 665 million tons per annum.<ref>{{cite journal|url= http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/apr252003/1041.pdf |title= A sediment budget for the Padma-Meghna-Jamuna catchment|first=Robert|last=Wasson|year=2003|journal=Current Science|volume=84|issue=8|pages=1041–1047}}</ref> The fan has buried organic carbon at a rate of nearly 1.1 trillion mol/yr (13.2 million t/yr) since the early [[Miocene]] period. The three rivers currently contribute nearly 8% of the [[total organic carbon]] (TOC) deposited in the world's oceans. Due to high TOC accumulation in the deep sea bed of the Bay of Bengal, the area is rich in oil and natural gas and [[gas hydrate]] reserves. Bangladesh can [[Land reclamation|reclaim land]] substantially and economically gain from the sea area by constructing sea [[Levee|dikes]], bunds, [[causeways]] and by trapping the sediment from its rivers.
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