Ballet master: Difference between revisions

Especially during the early centuries of ballet troupes and ballet companies from the 18th century until the early 20th century, the position of ''Firstfirst'' Balletballet master, referred to traditionally as the ''Premierpremier Maîtremaître de ballet en Chefchef'' or more simply as the ''Maîtremaître de ballet'', was the undisputed head of the company who acted as chief choreographer and ''[[Artisticartistic Directordirector]]''. His duties included creating ballets, dances in operas, commissioning music, and presiding over the teaching of the dancers and style desired. It was this head ballet master who had the responsibility of the artistic directorship of a particular group of dancers or of a theatre. Since the early 20th century, primarily after the disbandment of the original [[Ballets Russes]], the title has been used more to describe the master teachers/assistant directors of a ballet company, (previously known as ''second'' ballet master), with the head of a company being referred to as the artistic director.

==Famous Balletballet Mastersmasters==

* '''[[Pierre Beauchamp]]''' (1631-17051631–1705), Firstfirst ballet master of the [[Ballet du Théâtre de l'Académie Royale de Musique]] in [[Paris]] from 1673- to 1687, he invented the ''[[comédie-ballet]]'' with [[Molière]] and [[Jean-Baptiste Lully]], codified the [[five positions of the feet]] and created a system of dance notation.

* '''[[Jean-Baptiste Landé]]''' (died 1748), Balletballet master in Russia from 1733- to 1747,; he is known as the parent of the Russian [[Mariinsky Ballet]].

* '''[[Jean-Georges Noverre]]''' (1727–1810), Balletballet master of the [[Stuttgart Ballet]] from 1760- to 1767, of the [[Vienna State Opera|Wiener Hofoper]] in [[Vienna]] from 1768- to 1775 and of the [[Ballet du Théâtre de l'Académie Royale de Musique]] from 1776- to 1781. Between 1758 and 1760 he published his ''[[Lettres sur la danse et les ballets]]''. He is generally considered the creator of ''[[ballet d'action]]'', a precursor of the [[narrative ballet]] of the 19th century.

* '''[[Louis Gallodier]]''' (1734–1803), Balletballet master in Sweden from 1773- to 1803,; he is known as the parent of the [[Royal Swedish Ballet]].

* '''[[Jean Dauberval]]''' (1742–1806), Balletballet master of the [[Ballet du Théâtre de l'Académie Royale de Musique]] from 1781- to 1783,; he is known today as the Fatherfather of the Comediccomedic ballet.

* '''[[Pierre Gardel|Pierre-Gabriel Gardel]]''' (1758–1840), Balletballet master of the [[Ballet du Théâtre de l'Académie Royale de Musique]] from 1787- to 1820. After [[Jean-Georges Noverre|Noverre]] he defended the ''[[ballet d'action]]'' in the early 19th century.

* '''[[Salvatore Viganò]]''' (1769–1821), Balletballet master of the [[Vienna State Opera|Wiener Hofoper]] from 1799- to 1803. Ballet master of [[La Scala Theatre Ballet]] in [[Milan]] from 1811- to 1821. He is considered the father of a new kind of performance called ''coreodramma''.

* '''[[Filippo Taglioni]]''' (1777–1871), Balletballet master of the [[Royal Swedish Ballet]] in [[Stockholm]] from 1803- to 1804 and 1817-18181817–1818. Born and trained as a dancer in his native [[Italy]], he is known today as the ''Fatherfather of [[Romanticism|Romantic]] Ballet''ballet. Also a great choreographer and teacher, he was instrumental in the training of his daughter, [[Marie Taglioni]].

* '''[[Jean Coralli]]''' (1779–1854), Balletballet master of the [[Ballet du Théâtre de l'Académie Royale de Musique]] from 1831- to 1850. whoHe was born Jean Coralli Perecini into [[ParisBolognese]] ofparents in [[BologneseParis]] parents.

* '''[[Carlo Blasis]]''' (1797–1878), Balletballet master of [[La Scala Theatre Ballet School]] in [[Milan ]] from 1838- to 1853,. heHe was the first whoto publishedpublish a complete analysis on theof ballet techniques in 1820, in a work named [[''Traité élémentaire, théorique, et pratique de l'art de la danse]]'' ("Elementary Treaty on the Art of the Dance, theoryTheory and practicePractice").

* '''[[Joseph Mazilier]]''', born Giulio Mazarini (1801–1868), Balletballet master of the [[Paris Opera Ballet]] from 1853- to 1859. Ballet master of the [[La Monnaie|Théatre Royal de la Monnaie]] in [[Brussels]] from 1866- to 1867. His creations witnessed the switch of the europeanEuropean center of dance from [[Paris]] to [[Saint Petersburg]] with the end of the [[Second French Empire|Second Empire]].

* '''[[August Bournonville]]''' (1805–1879), Balletballet master of the [[Royal Danish Ballet]] from 1828 to 1879 and the most prolific choreographer [[Denmark]] has ever known.

* '''[[Paul Taglioni]]''' (1808–1883), 'Second'Deuxieme balletMaître masterde Ballet'' of the [[Ballet of Her Majesty's Theatre]] from 1847–18481847 to 1848, ''Maître de Ballet en Chef'' from 1849- to 1851. ''Maître de Ballet en Chef'' of the [[Court Opera Ballet]] in [[Berlin]] from 1852- to 1866.

* '''[[Jules Perrot]]''' (1810–1892), ''Maître de Ballet en Chef'' (Firstfirst Balletballet master) of the [[Ballet of Her Majesty's Theatre]] from 1843- to 1848. ''Maître de Ballet en Chef'' to the [[St. Petersburg]] Imperial Theatres from 1849 to 1859.

* '''[[Christian Johansson]]''' (1817–1903), Coachingcoaching ballet master/master teacher for the [[Russian Imperial Ballet]] from 1880 to 1900, particularly of the male students.

* '''[[Marius Petipa]]''' (1818–1910), ''Maître de Ballet'' of the [[St. Petersburg]] Imperial Theatres from 1871 to 1903, 'Second'Deuxieme BalletMaître masterde Ballet'' from 1862- to 1871. ''"The Father of Classical Ballet''".

* '''[[Arthur Saint-Léon]]''', born Arthur Michel (1821–1870), a Frenchman who was ballet master of the [[Paris Opera Ballet]] from 1850- to 1853, then ''Maître de Ballet en Chef'' of the [[St. Petersburg]] Imperial Theatres from 1859 until 1869.

* '''[[Lev Ivanov]]''' (1834–1901), 'Second'Deuxieme balletMaître masterde Ballet'' of the [[St. Petersburg]] Imperial Theatres from 1885 to 1901.

* '''[[Enrico Cecchetti]]''' (1850–1928), Balletballet master for the celebrated [[Ballets Russes]] 1910.

* '''[[Nicolai Legat]]''' (1869–1937), Balletballet master in Russia,.

* '''[[Agrippina Vaganova]]''' (1879–1951), Balletballet master of the [[Mariinsky Ballet|Kirov Ballet]] from 1931-1937 wasto an outstanding pedagogue1937. whoShe developed the [[Vaganova method]].

* '''[[Michel Fokine]]''' (1880–1942), Balletballet master of the [[Mariinsky Ballet]] from 1904- to 1909. Choreographer of the [[Ballets Russes]] in [[Paris]] from 1909- to 1923. Ballet master of the [[Royal Danish Ballet]] in 1925.

* '''[[George Balanchine]]''' (1904–1983), Balletballet master of the [[Royal Danish Ballet]] from 1930- to 1931. Ballet master and Directordirector of the [[New York City Ballet]], in [[New York City|New York]] from 1949 to 1982.

* '''[[Frederick Ashton]]''' (1904–1988), Balletballet master, Choreographerchoreographer, and Directordirector of [[England]]'s [[Royal Ballet]] from 1963 to 1970.

* '''[[Serge Lifar]]''' (1905–1986), Balletballet master of the [[Paris Opera Ballet]] from 1930- to 1944 and 1947-19581947–1958. One of the precursors of the [[Neoclassical ballet|neoclassical]] style.

* '''[[Alexander Ivanovich Pushkin]]''' (1907–1970), Balletballet master,; among his students were [[Mikhail Baryshnikov]], and [[Rudolf Nureyev]] and [[Farouk Ruzimatov]].

* ''' [[María de Ávila]]''' (born 1920-2014), Balletballet master, wasand the creator of the [[Ballet de Zaragoza]].

* '''[[Roland Petit]]''' (born 19241924–2011), Balletballet master of the [[Ballet national de Marseille]] from 1972 to 1998.

* '''[[Maurice Béjart]]''' (1927–2007), Balletballet master of the [[La Monnaie|Théatre Royal de la Monnaie]] in [[Brussels]] from 1959- to 1987 where he founded the [[Ballet du XXe Siècle]]. Then he ran the [[Béjart Ballet Lausanne]] in [[Switzerland]] from 1987- to 2007.

* '''[[Kenneth MacMillan]]''' (1929–1992), Balletballet master of the [[Deutsche Oper Berlin]] from 1966-69 to 1969. Ballet master, Choreographerchoreographer, and Directordirector of England's [[Royal Ballet]] from 1970- to 1977.

* '''[[Vera Shvetsova]]''' (born 1929), Balletballet master inof the [[State School of Ballet and Choreography of Minsk]] (Belarus).

* '''[[Rudolph Nureyev]]''' (1938–1993), Balletballet master and Directordirector of the [[Paris Opera Ballet]] from 1983 to 1992. Before that, he enjoyed an illustrious career as a dancer in both the [[Soviet Union]] and in the west.

* '''[[Anthony Dowell]]''' (born 1943), Balletballet master and Directordirector of England's [[Royal Ballet]] from 1986 to 2001.

* '''[[John Neumeier]]''' (born 19471939), Balletballet master of the [[Hamburg Opera|Hamburg Opera Ballet]] from 1973.

==Gallery of Balletballet Mastersmasters==

<gallery class="center">

Image:Filippo_Taglioni.jpgJules Perrot -circa 1850.JPG|FilippoJules TaglioniPerrot, circa 18201850

Image:JulesMarius PerrotIvanovich Petipa -circaFeb. 185014 1898.JPG|Marius Jules Perrot, circaIvanovich 1850Petipa

Image:coralli.jpg|Jean Coralli,Dauberval one-circa of the creators1790.JPG|{{center|Lithograph of theJean ballet ''Giselle''.Dauberval, Paris, circa 18101790}}

Image:JeanEnrico DaubervalCecchetti -circa 17901900.JPGjpg|<center>LithographEnrico of Jean DaubervalCecchetti, ParisSt. Petersburg, circa 17901900