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[[Image:Edgar Degas - The Ballet Class - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|250px|right|[[Edgar Degas]]' [[The Ballet Class (Degas, Musée d'Orsay)|painting]] of the ballet master [[Jules Perrot]] conducting rehearsal in the ''Foyer de la Danse'' of the [[Palais Garnier]], Paris, 1875]]
A '''ballet master''' (also '''balletmaster''', '''ballet mistress''' [increasingly archaic], '''''premier maître de ballet''''' or '''''premier maître de ballet en chef''''') is an employee of a [[ballet company]] who is responsible for the level of competence of the dancers in their company. In modern times, ballet masters are generally charged with teaching the daily company ballet class and rehearsing the [[dancers]] for both new and established [[ballets]] in the company's repertoire.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Craine |first1=Debra |last2=Mackrell |first2=Judith |title=The Oxford Dictionary of Dance |date=19 August 2010 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780199563449 |page=39 |quote=Originally a term describing the man at court who oversaw all dance aspects of a production, it now commonly refers to the individual who is responsible for setting the rehearsal schedule in a ballet company. Ballet masters are also in charge of ensuring the maintenance of performing standards and frequently coach dancers in new roles.}}</ref> The artistic director of a ballet company, whether a male or female, may also be called its ballet master. Historic use of [[gender marking in job titles]] in ballet (and live theatre) is being supplanted by [[gender-neutral language]] job titles regardless of an employee's gender (e.g. ''ballet master'' in lieu of ''ballet mistress'', ''wig master'' as an alternative to ''wig mistress'').
 
==History of the position==
Especially during the early centuries of ballet troupes and ballet companies from the 18th century until the early 20th century, the position of ''first'' ballet master, referred to traditionally as the ''premier maître de ballet en chef'' or more simply as the ''maître de ballet'', was the undisputed head of the company who acted as chief choreographer and [[artistic director]]. His duties included creating ballets, dances in operas, commissioning music, and presiding over the teaching of the dancers and style desired. It was this head ballet master who had the responsibility of the artistic directorship of a particular group of dancers or of a theatre. Since the early 20th century, primarily after the disbandment of the original [[Ballets Russes]], the title has been used more to describe the master teachers/assistant directors of a ballet company, (previously known as ''second'' ballet master), with the head of a company being referred to as the artistic director.
 
In recent years, companies have quietly begun to change the title's name given its hierarchical and dominating connotations<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-05 |title=“The Ballet Master”: out of fashion? |url=https://www.danceforyou-magazine.com/the-ballet-master-out-of-fashion/ |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=Dance for You Magazine |language=de-DE}}</ref>. They have switched the name of the position to various titles such as Principal Teacher<ref>{{Cite web |title=ABT Faculty & Musicians |url=https://www.abt.org/training/dancer-training/jko-school-pre-professional/ |url-status=live |access-date=August 28, 2024 |website=ABT Jacqueline Kennedy-Onassis School}}</ref>, Artistic Manager<ref>{{Cite web |title=Faculty & Staff |url=https://www.therockschool.org/faculty-staff |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=The Rock School for Dance Education |language=en-US}}</ref>, and other such titles to avoid the politically charged word "master."
 
==Famous ballet masters==