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| alt =
| caption =
| creation_date =
| creation =
| monarch =
| peerage =
| baronetage =
| first_holder = Nigel of Cotentin
| last_holder = [[Henry IV of England|Henry
| present_holder =
| heir_apparent =
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| remainder_to =
| subsidiary_titles = <!-- a baronetage is not a subsidiary title -->
| status = Extinct (
| extinction_date =
| family_seat =
| former_seat = [[Halton Castle]]
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| crest_badge =
| plant_badge =
| footnotes =
}}
The '''
==
After the [[Norman conquest of England|Norman conquest]], [[William I of England|William the Conqueror]] created the three [[earl]]doms of [[Earl of Shrewsbury|Shrewsbury]], [[Earl of Hereford|Hereford]] and Chester to protect his border with [[Wales]]. In 1071, the Earl of Chester, [[Hugh d'Avranches, 1st Earl of Chester|Hugh Lupus]], made his cousin, Nigel of [[Cotentin]], the 1st Baron of Halton.{{sfnp|Starkey|1990|p=8|ps=}} [[Halton, Runcorn|Halton]] was a village in Cheshire which is now part of the town of [[Runcorn]]. At its centre is a rocky prominence on which was built [[Halton Castle]], the seat of the barons of Halton.
==List of barons==
===Nigel of Cotentin===
:(c. 1071–1080)
Nigel was
===William fitz Nigel===
{{main|William fitz Nigel}}
:(1080–1134)
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William fitz Nigel, Nigel's son, was also [[marshal]] of the Earls' host, which was an important position in the [[Normans|Norman]] military hierarchy. In addition to his land in Halton, his estate included land in other parts of Cheshire and also in [[Normandy]].{{sfnp|Whimperley|1986|p=9|ps=}} He married the eldest daughter of Yorfid, on whose death without a male heir the [[Lancashire]] manors of Widnes, Appleton, [[Cronton]] and [[Rainhill]] came to his son-in-law, William.{{sfnp|Starkey|1990|p=8|ps=}} In 1115 William established a [[priory]] of the [[Augustinians|Augustinian]] Order of [[Canons Regular]] in [[Runcorn]].{{sfnp|Nickson|1887|p=136|ps=}} He was buried at Chester.{{sfnp|Whimperley|1981|p=1|ps=}}
===William fitz William===
:(1134–1150)
William, son of William fitz Nigel, in 1134 he moved the priory from Runcorn to a site to the east of Halton. This became [[Norton Priory]].{{sfnp|Starkey|1990|p=9|ps=}} William died childless in Normandy.{{sfnp|Starkey|1990|p=30|ps=}}
===Eustace fitz John===
{{main|Eustace fitz John}}
:(1150–1157)
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Eustace fitz John succeeded to Halton as husband of the elder sister of William fitz William. He had inherited the barony of [[Knaresborough]] and by an earlier marriage had also gained the baronies of [[Malton, North Yorkshire|Malton]] and [[Alnwick]].{{sfnp|Starkey|1990|p=30|ps=}} He was killed fighting the Welsh.{{sfnp|Nickson|1887|p=136|ps=}}
===Richard fitz Eustace===
{{main|Richard fitz Eustace}}
:(1157–1171)
Richard, son of Eustace fitz John, married the eventual heiress to the [[de Lacy]] family of [[Pontefract]], whose inheritance was eventually acquired by their grandson Roger.{{sfnp|Whimperley|1986|p=10|ps=}}
===John fitz Richard===
{{main|John fitz Richard}}
:(1171–1190)
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John, son of Richard fitz Eustace, was a [[governor]] in [[Ireland]] for [[Henry II of England|Henry II]]. Being a patron of science, he maintained an [[astronomer]] at Halton Castle. He founded a [[Cistercian]] monastery at [[Stanlow Abbey|Stanlow]].{{sfnp|Starkey|1990|p=30|ps=}} In 1190 he granted the second known [[charter]] for a [[ferry]] at Runcorn Gap. He served with [[Richard I]] in the [[Third Crusade]] and died at the siege of [[Acre (city)|Acre]].{{sfnp|Nickson|1887|p=144|ps=}}
===Roger de Lacy===
{{main|Roger de Lacy (1170–1211)}}
:(1190–1211)
Born as Roger fitz John, the son of John fitz Richard, he adopted the surname of de Lacy. He was a renowned soldier and was nicknamed "Hell" Lacy for his military daring. In 1192 he was also serving with Richard I in the Third Crusade. Later he served [[John of England|King John]] in the unsuccessful attempt to thwart the French conquest of Normandy following which he was made [[High Sheriff]] of Lancashire. He was buried in the abbey founded by his father at Stanlow.{{sfnp|Nickson|1887|p=144|ps=}}<ref>{{
===John de Lacy===
{{main|John de Lacy, 2nd Earl of Lincoln}}
:(1211–1240)
John de Lacy, son of Roger, opposed King John and was one of the barons entrusted with the duty of ensuring that the king kept the agreements made in [[Magna Carta]]. By marriage he gained more titles, including that of the Earldom of [[Lincoln, Lincolnshire|Lincoln]]. He also gained the [[manorialism|manor]] and the castle of [[Bolingbroke, Lincolnshire|Bolingbroke]]. He was also buried at Stanlow.{{sfnp|Starkey|1990|p=31|ps=}}
===Edmund de Lacy===
{{main|Edmund de Lacy, Baron of Pontefract}}
:(1240–1258)
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Of Edmund de Lacy, son of John, little is known except that he was also buried at Stanlow.{{sfnp|Whimperley|1986|p=11|ps=}}
===Henry de Lacy===
{{main|Henry de Lacy, 3rd Earl of Lincoln}}
:(1258–1311)
Henry de Lacy, son of Edmund, was educated at court and became Chief Councillor to [[Edward I of England|Edward I]]. While the king was engaged on military conflicts with the [[Scottish people|Scots]], Henry was appointed [[regent|Protector of the Realm]].{{sfnp|Starkey|1990|p=31|ps=}} He transferred the monastery from Stanlow to [[Whalley Abbey|Whalley]].{{sfnp|Nickson|1887|p=144|ps=}} He died at his [[London]] home, [[Lincoln's Inn]] and was buried in the old [[St Paul's
===Thomas, Earl of Lancaster===
{{main|Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster}}
:(1311–1322)
[[Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster|Thomas]] gained the barony of Halton though his marriage to Alice, Henry's daughter. He took up arms against [[Edward II of England|Edward II]] in 1322. However this rebellion was unsuccessful. He was defeated at the [[Battle of Boroughbridge]] and then imprisoned in his own castle at [[Pontefract Castle|Pontefract]]. A few days later he was beheaded outside the city and his titles forfeited to the Crown. Later a cult of [[martyr]]dom developed around him.{{sfnp|Nickson|1887|p=144|ps=}}
==
{{main|Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster}}
:(1322–1351)
It has also been suggested that the title succeeded to Sir William Glinton. He was a distinguished [[knight]] who may have held the honour as a non-hereditary arrangement or he may have held it during the life of Alice, widow of Thomas of Lancaster.{{sfnp|Starkey|1990|p=31|ps=}}
===Henry Grosmont===
{{main|Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster}}
:(1351–1361)
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[[Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster]], nephew of the 2nd Earl and son of the 3rd, next succeeded to the barony of Halton. He was appointed as the 1st [[Duke]] of [[Lancaster, Lancashire|Lancaster]], one of the first Knights of the [[Order of the Garter]].{{sfnp|Nickson|1887|p=146|ps=}} He served the king in [[France]] and died of the [[bubonic plague|plague]].{{sfnp|Starkey|1990|p=31|ps=}} He was buried at [[Leicester]].{{sfnp|Whimperley|1986|p=2|ps=}}
===John of Gaunt===
{{main|John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster}}
:(1361–1399)
[[John of Gaunt]] gained the barony by his marriage to [[Blanche of Lancaster|Blanche]], daughter and heiress of the 13th baron. He was appointed [[regent]] during the infancy of [[Richard II of England|Richard II]].{{sfnp|Starkey|1990|p=31|ps=}} He was also buried in St Paul's
===Henry Bolingbroke===
{{main|Henry IV of England}}
:(1399–1413)
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==Sources==
{{refbegin}}
* {{citation | editor-last = McNeil | editor-first = Robina
* {{cite book | last =Nickson | first =Charles | title=History of Runcorn; with an account of the ancient village of Weston ... Drawings by H. Fitton. [Reprinted from the "Runcorn Guardian."] | url =http://access.bl.uk/item/viewer/ark:/81055/vdc_000000000600 | publisher =Mackie & Co. | year =1887 | location =London and Warrington | oclc = 5389146}}
* {{cite book |last1=Sanders |first1=Ivor John |title=English Baronies: A Study of Their Origin and Descent, 1086-1327 |date=1960 |publisher=Clarendon Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U_4cAAAAYAAJ |language=en}}
* {{citation | last = Starkey | first = H. F. | title = Old Runcorn | publisher = Halton Borough Council | year = 1990 | location = Halton }}
* {{citation | last = Whimperley | first = Arthur | title = Halton Castle: An Introduction & Visitors' Handbook | publisher = Arthur Whimperley | year = 1981 | location = Widnes }}
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[[Category:Barons of Halton| ]]
[[Category:1071 establishments in England]]
[[Category:
[[Category:Feudalism in England]]
[[Category:House of Lancaster]]
[[Category:History of Cheshire]]
[[Category:People from Runcorn]]
[[Category:Noble titles created in 1071]]
[[Category:British and Irish peerages which merged in the Crown]]
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