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{{Short description|City in Altai Krai, Russia}}
{{Infobox Russian city
|en_name=Biysk
Line 16 ⟶ 17:
|federal_subject=[[Altai Krai]]
|federal_subject_ref=<ref name="Ref5" />
|adm_city_jur=[[city of federal subject significance|city of krai significance]] of Biysk
|adm_city_jur_ref=<ref name="Ref5" />
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|inhabloc_type=
|inhabloc_type_ref=
|urban_okrug_jur=Biysk Urban Okrug
|urban_okrug_jur_ref=<ref name="Ref543" />
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|leader_title_ref=
|leader_name=Victor Schigrev
|leader_name_ref=<ref name="LeaderName">[https://biysk22.ru/liders/glava-goroda-biyska/ Глава города Бийска Щигрев Виктор Андреевич] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221225134619/https://biysk22.ru/liders/glava-goroda-biyska/ |date=December 25, 2022 }} {{in lang|ru}}</ref>
|representative_body=[[Duma of Biysk|Duma]]
|representative_body_ref=
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|website=http://biysk22.ru/
|website_ref=
}}
'''Biysk''' ({{lang-rus|Бийск|p=bʲijsk}}; {{lang-alt|Јаш-Тура|p=ɟaʃ-tura}}) is a [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|city]] in [[Altai Krai]], Russia, located on the [[Biya River]] not far from its [[confluence]] with the [[Katun River]]. It is the second largest city of the [[krai]] (after [[Barnaul]], the [[administrative center]] of the [[krai]]). Population: {{ru-census|p2021=183,852|p2010=210,115|p2002=218,562|p1989=233,238}}
==History==▼
The fortress of '''Bikatunskaya''' ({{lang|ru|Бикатунская}}), or '''Bikatunsky [[Ostrog (fortress)|Ostrog]]''' ({{lang|ru|Бикатунский острог}}), was founded in 1708-1709:<ref name="gr">{{cite book|title=[[Great Russian Encyclopedia|Большая российская энциклопедия]]. Том 3|year=2005|publisher=Большая российская энциклопедия|location=Moscow|isbn=978-5-85270-330-9|page=473}}</ref> it was constructed near the confluence of Biya and Katun Rivers (hence the name) in 1709 by the order the Russian [[Tsar]] [[Peter the Great]] signed in 1708.<ref name="bf">[http://biisk.info/bijsk-v-16-nachale-20-veke/osnovanie-biyskoy-kreposti/ Основание Бийской крепости] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605051315/http://biisk.info/bijsk-v-16-nachale-20-veke/osnovanie-biyskoy-kreposti/ |date=June 5, 2014 }}</ref> Yet, in 1710, after a three-day battle, the ostrog was destroyed by the [[Dzungar people]].<ref name="bf" /> The Bikatunskaya fortress was re-built at a new place ({{convert|20|km|sp=us}} up the Biya, on the right bank of the river) in 1718 and renamed '''Biyskaya''' ({{lang|ru|Бийская}}) in 1732.<ref name="bf" /> Gradually, Biysk lost its role as a military base, but became an important center of trade, and was granted town status in 1782.<ref name="gr" /> In 1797, the town was abolished, but in 1804 it was restored as an [[uyezd]] town of [[Tomsk Governorate]] and granted the coat of arms which is still in use.▼
==Administrative and municipal status==▼
[[File:EvalarOffice.JPG|thumb|left|Evalar office building in Biysk]]▼
Within the [[subdivisions of Russia#Administrative divisions|framework of administrative divisions]], Biysk serves as the [[administrative center]] of [[Biysky District]], even though it is not a part of it.<ref name="Ref5">Law #28-ZS</ref> As an administrative division, it is, together with four [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|rural localities]], incorporated separately as the '''[[city of federal subject significance|city of krai significance]] of Biysk'''—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the [[administrative divisions of Altai Krai|districts]].<ref name="Ref5">Law #28-ZS</ref> As a [[subdivisions of Russia#Municipal divisions|municipal division]], the city of krai significance of Biysk is incorporated as '''Biysk Urban Okrug'''.<ref name="Ref543">Law #115-ZS</ref>▼
==Economy==▼
The city's industry grew rapidly, especially after some factories were evacuated there from the west of the [[Soviet Union]] during [[World War II]]. Later the city was an important center of arms development (including [[solid-fuel rocket]] engines<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fas.org/irp/imint/4_biysl.htm |title=
[[Evalar]], one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in Russia, is headquartered in Biysk.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.evalar.com/about/company-history/|title=Company history - Evalar|access-date=April 13, 2020|archive-date=September 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927131936/https://www.evalar.com/about/company-history/|url-status=live}}</ref>▼
===Transportation===▼
[[File:Biysk bridge.JPG|thumb|left|A bridge in Biysk]]▼
Biysk has a railway station, a port on the Biya, and is served by the [[Biysk Airport]]. The route of federal importance [[Novosibirsk]]-Biysk-Tashanta (Chuysky Highway) passes through the city.▼
==Education and culture==▼
Biysk is a center of education and culture, and a home to an [[Altai State Academy of Education|academy of education]], a technical institute and other educational institutions, a drama theater (founded in 1943), a museum of local lore, and other facilities.▼
==Geography==
The city is called ''"the gates to the [[Altai Mountains]]"'', because of its position comparatively not far from this range. Chuysky Highway begins in Biysk and then goes through the [[Altai Republic]] to [[Mongolia–Russia border|Russia's border with Mongolia]].
===Climate===▼
▲==Climate==
Biysk has a [[humid continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Dfb'') with frigid, rather dry winters and very warm, damp summers.
{{Weather box|width=auto
|location=Biysk (1991-2020
|metric first=yes
|single line=yes
Line 85 ⟶ 102:
|Apr record high C = 33.7
|May record high C = 36.7
|Jun record high C =
|Jul record high C = 38.9
|Aug record high C = 38.8
Line 93 ⟶ 110:
|Dec record high C = 10.8
|year record high C = 38.9
|Jan high C=-
|Feb high C=-
|Mar high C=
|Apr high C=
|May high C=
|Jun high C=
|Jul high C=
|Aug high C=
|Sep high C=
|Oct high C=
|Nov high C=-
|Dec high C=-
|Jan mean C= -16.
|Feb mean C= -
|Mar mean C= -
|Apr mean C= 5.
|May mean C=
|Jun mean C=
|Jul mean C= 20.
|Aug mean C=
|Sep mean C=
|Oct mean C=
|Nov mean C= -
|Dec mean C= -
|Jan low C = -
|Feb low C = -
|Mar low C = -
|Apr low C = -
|May low C =
|Jun low C =
|Jul low C =
|Aug low C =
|Sep low C =
|Oct low C = -0.
|Nov low C = -
|Dec low C = -
|Jan record low C = -51.8
|Feb record low C = -50.6
Line 143 ⟶ 160:
|year record low C = -51.8
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm =
|Feb precipitation mm =
|Mar precipitation mm =
|Apr precipitation mm =
|May precipitation mm =
|Jun precipitation mm = 55
|Jul precipitation mm =
|Aug precipitation mm =
|Sep precipitation mm =
|Oct precipitation mm = 49
|Nov precipitation mm =
|Dec precipitation mm =
|Jan precipitation days = 13.7
|Feb precipitation days = 10.6
|Mar precipitation days = 11.3
|source 2 = Pogoda.ru.net (extremes)<ref>{{cite web▼
|Apr precipitation days = 11.1
|May precipitation days = 12.5
|Jun precipitation days = 12.3
|Jul precipitation days = 12.9
|Aug precipitation days = 12.5
|Sep precipitation days = 11.4
|Oct precipitation days = 14.0
|Nov precipitation days = 15.2
|Dec precipitation days = 16.2
|year precipitation days =
| url = http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/29939.htm
| title = Погода и Климат – Климат Бийска
| publisher = Weather and Climate (Погода и климат)
| language = ru
| access-date = 22 December 2022
| archive-date = January 18, 2022
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220118170841/http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/29939.htm
▲==History==
| url-status = live
▲The fortress of '''Bikatunskaya''' ({{lang|ru|Бикатунская}}), or '''Bikatunsky [[Ostrog (fortress)|Ostrog]]''' ({{lang|ru|Бикатунский острог}}), was founded in 1708-1709:<ref name="gr">{{cite book|title=[[Great Russian Encyclopedia|Большая российская энциклопедия]]. Том 3|year=2005|publisher=Большая российская энциклопедия|location=Moscow|isbn=978-5-85270-330-9|page=473}}</ref> it was constructed near the confluence of Biya and Katun Rivers (hence the name) in 1709 by the order the Russian [[Tsar]] [[Peter the Great]] signed in 1708.<ref name="bf">[http://biisk.info/bijsk-v-16-nachale-20-veke/osnovanie-biyskoy-kreposti/ Основание Бийской крепости] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605051315/http://biisk.info/bijsk-v-16-nachale-20-veke/osnovanie-biyskoy-kreposti/ |date=June 5, 2014 }}</ref> Yet, in 1710, after a three-day battle, the ostrog was destroyed by the [[Dzungar people]].<ref name="bf" /> The Bikatunskaya fortress was re-built at a new place ({{convert|20|km|sp=us}} up the Biya, on the right bank of the river) in 1718 and renamed '''Biyskaya''' ({{lang|ru|Бийская}}) in 1732.<ref name="bf" /> Gradually, Biysk lost its role as a military base, but became an important center of trade, and was granted town status in 1782.<ref name="gr" /> In 1797, the town was abolished, but in 1804 it was restored as an [[uyezd]] town of [[Tomsk Governorate]] and granted the coat of arms which is still in use.
}}</ref>
|source 2 = climatebase.ru (precipitation days 1936-2012)<ref name="climatebase">{{cite web|title=Biysk, Russia|url=http://climatebase.ru/station/29939|lang=en|publisher=Climatebase.ru|accessdate=January 24, 2013}}</ref>
▲==Administrative and municipal status==
}}
▲[[File:EvalarOffice.JPG|thumb|left|Evalar office building in Biysk]]
▲Within the [[subdivisions of Russia#Administrative divisions|framework of administrative divisions]], Biysk serves as the [[administrative center]] of [[Biysky District]], even though it is not a part of it.<ref name="Ref5">Law #28-ZS</ref> As an administrative division, it is, together with four [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|rural localities]], incorporated separately as the '''[[city of federal subject significance|city of krai significance]] of Biysk'''—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the [[administrative divisions of Altai Krai|districts]].<ref name="Ref5">Law #28-ZS</ref> As a [[subdivisions of Russia#Municipal divisions|municipal division]], the city of krai significance of Biysk is incorporated as '''Biysk Urban Okrug'''.<ref name="Ref543">Law #115-ZS</ref>
▲==Economy==
▲The city's industry grew rapidly, especially after some factories were evacuated there from the west of the [[Soviet Union]] during [[World War II]]. Later the city was an important center of arms development (including [[solid-fuel rocket]] engines<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fas.org/irp/imint/4_biysl.htm |title= Soviet Solid Rocket Motor Production Plant |date=1996 |publisher=FAS}}</ref>) and production and still remains an industrial center.
▲[[Evalar]], one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in Russia, is headquartered in Biysk.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.evalar.com/about/company-history/|title=Company history - Evalar}}</ref>
▲===Transportation===
▲[[File:Biysk bridge.JPG|thumb|left|A bridge in Biysk]]
▲Biysk has a railway station, a port on the Biya, and is served by the [[Biysk Airport]]. The route of federal importance [[Novosibirsk]]-Biysk-Tashanta (Chuysky Highway) passes through the city.
▲==Education and culture==
▲Biysk is a center of education and culture, and a home to an [[Altai State Academy of Education|academy of education]], a technical institute and other educational institutions, a drama theater (founded in 1943), a museum of local lore, and other facilities.
==Notable people==
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