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{{Short description|City in Altai Krai, Russia}}
{{Infobox Russian city
|en_name=Biysk
|ru_name=Бийск
|image_skyline=Biysk - Sovetskaya Street.JPG
|image_caption=Sovetskaya Street in Biysk
|coordinates = {{coord|52|32|N|85|13|E|display=inline,title}}
|map_label_position=right
|image_coa=Coat of arms of Biysk 1804.gif
|coa_caption=
|image_flag=Flag of Biysk.png
|flag_caption=
|anthem=
|anthem_ref=
|holiday=June 18
|holiday_ref=
|federal_subject=[[Altai Krai]]
|federal_subject_ref=<ref name="Ref5" />
|adm_city_jur=[[city of federal subject significance|city of krai significance]] of Biysk
|adm_city_jur_ref=<ref name="Ref5" />
|adm_ctr_of1=city of krai significance of Biysk
|adm_ctr_of1_ref=<ref name="Ref5" />
|adm_ctr_of2=[[Biysky District]]
|adm_ctr_of2_ref=<ref name="Ref5" />
|inhabloc_cat=City
|inhabloc_cat_ref=<ref name="Ref5" />
|inhabloc_type=
|inhabloc_type_ref=
|urban_okrug_jur=Biysk Urban Okrug
|urban_okrug_jur_ref=<ref name="Ref543" />
|mun_admctr_of1=Biysk Urban Okrug
|mun_admctr_of1_ref=<ref name="Ref543" />
|mun_admctr_of2=Biysky Municipal District
|mun_admctr_of2_ref=<ref name="Ref551">Law #42-ZS</ref>
|leader_title=Head
|leader_title_ref=
|leader_name=Victor Schigrev
|leader_name_ref=<ref name="LeaderName">[https://biysk22.ru/liders/glava-goroda-biyska/ Глава города Бийска Щигрев Виктор Андреевич] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221225134619/https://biysk22.ru/liders/glava-goroda-biyska/ |date=December 25, 2022 }} {{in lang|ru}}</ref>
|representative_body=[[Duma of Biysk|Duma]]
|representative_body_ref=
|area_of_what=
|area_as_of=
|area_km2=
|area_km2_ref=
|pop_2010census=210115
|pop_2010census_rank=89th
|pop_2010census_ref=<ref name="2010Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}</ref>
|pop_density=
|pop_density_as_of=
|pop_density_ref=
|pop_latest=
|pop_latest_date=
|pop_latest_ref=
|established_date=1709
|established_title=
|established_date_ref=<ref name="gr" />
|current_cat_date=1782
|current_cat_date_ref=<ref name="gr" />
|prev_name1=
|prev_name1_date=
|prev_name1_ref=
|postal_codes=659300–659306, 659308, 659309, 659311, 659314–659316, 659318–659323, 659325, 659326, 659328–659330, 659332–659336, 659399
|dialing_codes=3854
|dialing_codes_ref=
|website=http://biysk22.ru/
|website_ref=
}}
'''Biysk''' ({{lang-rus|Бийск|p=bʲijsk}}; {{lang-alt|Јаш-Тура|p=ɟaʃ-tura}}) is a [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|city]] in [[Altai Krai]], Russia, located on the [[Biya River]] not far from its [[confluence]] with the [[Katun River]]. It is the second largest city of the [[krai]] (after [[Barnaul]], the [[administrative center]] of the [[krai]]). Population: {{ru-census|p2021=183,852|p2010=210,115|p2002=218,562|p1989=233,238}}
==History==
The fortress of '''Bikatunskaya''' ({{lang|ru|Бикатунская}}), or '''Bikatunsky [[Ostrog (fortress)|Ostrog]]''' ({{lang|ru|Бикатунский острог}}), was founded in 1708-1709:<ref name="gr">{{cite book|title=[[Great Russian Encyclopedia|Большая российская энциклопедия]]. Том 3|year=2005|publisher=Большая российская энциклопедия|location=Moscow|isbn=978-5-85270-330-9|page=473}}</ref> it was constructed near the confluence of Biya and Katun Rivers (hence the name) in 1709 by the order the Russian [[Tsar]] [[Peter the Great]] signed in 1708.<ref name="bf">[http://biisk.info/bijsk-v-16-nachale-20-veke/osnovanie-biyskoy-kreposti/ Основание Бийской крепости] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605051315/http://biisk.info/bijsk-v-16-nachale-20-veke/osnovanie-biyskoy-kreposti/ |date=June 5, 2014 }}</ref> Yet, in 1710, after a three-day battle, the ostrog was destroyed by the [[Dzungar people]].<ref name="bf" /> The Bikatunskaya fortress was re-built at a new place ({{convert|20|km|sp=us}} up the Biya, on the right bank of the river) in 1718 and renamed '''Biyskaya''' ({{lang|ru|Бийская}}) in 1732.<ref name="bf" /> Gradually, Biysk lost its role as a military base, but became an important center of trade, and was granted town status in 1782.<ref name="gr" /> In 1797, the town was abolished, but in 1804 it was restored as an [[uyezd]] town of [[Tomsk Governorate]] and granted the coat of arms which is still in use.
==Administrative and municipal status==
[[File:EvalarOffice.JPG|thumb|left|Evalar office building in Biysk]]
Within the [[subdivisions of Russia#Administrative divisions|framework of administrative divisions]], Biysk serves as the [[administrative center]] of [[Biysky District]], even though it is not a part of it.<ref name="Ref5">Law #28-ZS</ref> As an administrative division, it is, together with four [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|rural localities]], incorporated separately as the '''[[city of federal subject significance|city of krai significance]] of Biysk'''—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the [[administrative divisions of Altai Krai|districts]].<ref name="Ref5">Law #28-ZS</ref> As a [[subdivisions of Russia#Municipal divisions|municipal division]], the city of krai significance of Biysk is incorporated as '''Biysk Urban Okrug'''.<ref name="Ref543">Law #115-ZS</ref>
==Economy==
The city's industry grew rapidly, especially after some factories were evacuated there from the west of the [[Soviet Union]] during [[World War II]]. Later the city was an important center of arms development (including [[solid-fuel rocket]] engines<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fas.org/irp/imint/4_biysl.htm |title=Soviet Solid Rocket Motor Production Plant |date=1996 |publisher=FAS |access-date=June 11, 2014 |archive-date=July 14, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714201528/http://fas.org/irp/imint/4_biysl.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>) and production and still remains an industrial center.
[[Evalar]], one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in Russia, is headquartered in Biysk.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.evalar.com/about/company-history/|title=Company history - Evalar|access-date=April 13, 2020|archive-date=September 27, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927131936/https://www.evalar.com/about/company-history/|url-status=live}}</ref>
===Transportation===
[[File:Biysk bridge.JPG|thumb|left|A bridge in Biysk]]
Biysk has a railway station, a port on the Biya, and is served by the [[Biysk Airport]]. The route of federal importance [[Novosibirsk]]-Biysk-Tashanta (Chuysky Highway) passes through the city.
==Education and culture==
Biysk is a center of education and culture, and a home to an [[Altai State Academy of Education|academy of education]], a technical institute and other educational institutions, a drama theater (founded in 1943), a museum of local lore, and other facilities.
==Geography==
The city is called ''"the gates to the [[Altai Mountains]]"'', because of its position comparatively not far from this range. Chuysky Highway begins in Biysk and then goes through the [[Altai Republic]] to [[Mongolia–Russia border|Russia's border with Mongolia]].
===Climate===
Biysk has a [[humid continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Dfb'') with frigid, rather dry winters and very warm, damp summers.
{{Weather box|width=auto
|location=Biysk (1991-2020, extremes 1936-present)
|metric first=yes
|single line=yes
|Jan record high C = 6.5
|Feb record high C = 9.9
|Mar record high C = 17.4
|Apr record high C = 33.7
|May record high C = 36.7
|Jun record high C = 37.2
|Jul record high C = 38.9
|Aug record high C = 38.8
|Sep record high C = 37.0
|Oct record high C = 28.4
|Nov record high C = 19.7
|Dec record high C = 10.8
|year record high C = 38.9
|Jan high C=-10.7
|Feb high C=-7.4
|Mar high C=0.4
|Apr high C=11.9
|May high C=20.4
|Jun high C=25.1
|Jul high C=26.6
|Aug high C=25.1
|Sep high C=18.3
|Oct high C=10.2
|Nov high C=-1.4
|Dec high C=-8.1
|Jan mean C= -16.3
|Feb mean C= -14.1
|Mar mean C= -6.1
|Apr mean C= 5.0
|May mean C= 12.8
|Jun mean C= 18.2
|Jul mean C= 20.0
|Aug mean C= 17.7
|Sep mean C= 11.1
|Oct mean C= 3.9
|Nov mean C= -6.1
|Dec mean C= -13.1
|Jan low C = -21.6
|Feb low C = -19.8
|Mar low C = -11.8
|Apr low C = -0.8
|May low C = 5.9
|Jun low C = 11.7
|Jul low C = 14.0
|Aug low C = 11.3
|Sep low C = 5.3
|Oct low C = -0.9
|Nov low C = -10.1
|Dec low C = -17.9
|Jan record low C = -51.8
|Feb record low C = -50.6
|Mar record low C = -43.1
|Apr record low C = -31.5
|May record low C = -7.8
|Jun record low C = -1.2
|Jul record low C = 2.0
|Aug record low C = -2.1
|Sep record low C = -7.6
|Oct record low C = -24.1
|Nov record low C = -43.9
|Dec record low C = -50.5
|year record low C = -51.8
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 30
|Feb precipitation mm = 24
|Mar precipitation mm = 26
|Apr precipitation mm = 41
|May precipitation mm = 57
|Jun precipitation mm = 55
|Jul precipitation mm = 70
|Aug precipitation mm = 53
|Sep precipitation mm = 42
|Oct precipitation mm = 49
|Nov precipitation mm = 53
|Dec precipitation mm = 41
|Jan precipitation days = 13.7
|Feb precipitation days = 10.6
|Mar precipitation days = 11.3
|Apr precipitation days = 11.1
|May precipitation days = 12.5
|Jun precipitation days = 12.3
|Jul precipitation days = 12.9
|Aug precipitation days = 12.5
|Sep precipitation days = 11.4
|Oct precipitation days = 14.0
|Nov precipitation days = 15.2
|Dec precipitation days = 16.2
|year precipitation days =
|source 1 = Pogoda.ru.net <ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/29939.htm
| title = Погода и Климат – Климат Бийска
| publisher = Weather and Climate (Погода и климат)
| language = ru
| access-date = 22 December 2022
| archive-date = January 18, 2022
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220118170841/http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/29939.htm
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
|source 2 = climatebase.ru (precipitation days 1936-2012)<ref name="climatebase">{{cite web|title=Biysk, Russia|url=http://climatebase.ru/station/29939|lang=en|publisher=Climatebase.ru|accessdate=January 24, 2013}}</ref>
}}
==Notable people==
* [[Alexander Bessmertnykh (politician)|Alexander Bessmertnykh]] (born 1933), Russian diplomat
* [[Aleksandr Bogatyryov]] (1963–2009), Kazakhstani football player
* [[Lev Bogomolets]] (1911–2009), Soviet Russian painter
* [[Artyom Fomin]] (born 1988), Russian footballer
* [[Konstantin Garbuz]] (born 1988), Russian footballer
* [[Sergey Kamenskiy]] (born 1987), Russian sports shooter
* [[David Khurtsidze]] (born 1993), Russian footballer
* [[Vsevolod Kukushkin]] (born 1942), Russian journalist, writer and ice hockey administrator
* [[Ilyas Kurkaev]] (born 1994), Russian volleyball player
* [[Aleksandr Lokshin]] (1920–1987), Russian composer of classical music
==References==
===Notes===
{{Reflist}}
===Sources===
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|alt|adm|law}}
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|alt|mun|list|biysk}}
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|alt|mun|list|biysky}}
==External links==
*[http://biysk22.ru/ Official website of Biysk] {{in lang|ru}}
*[http://bijsk.jsprav.ru/ Biysk Business Directory] {{in lang|ru}}
{{Altai Krai}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2011}}
[[Category:Cities and towns in Altai Krai]]
[[Category:Tomsk Governorate]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1709]]
[[Category:Naukograds]]
[[Category:1709 establishments in Russia]]
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