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In the early 1900s, many Black creatives emigrated to Europe, pursuing opportunities not available in the US.<ref name=":1" /> [[Ira Aldridge|Ira Aldredge]] pursued his acting career in Europe because of limited opportunities in the US.<ref name=":1" />
During [[World War I|World War I,]] when for the first time many Black Americans experienced life in other countries, many decided to remain in France, according to Gaines "where they were treated with respect."<ref name=":1" /> Gaines said this created an African-American expatriate community in Paris and other large French cities.<ref name=":1" /> In this period Jazz music was introduced to France by [[James Reese Europe|James Reese Europe,]] who had headed the [[Harlem Hellfighters]] military band.<ref name=":1" /> [[Josephine Baker]] found recognition in Paris and later became a French citizen.<ref name=":1" /> [[James Baldwin]] described his experience in Paris, contrasting them favorably to those in the US.<ref name=":1" /> [[Richard Wright (author)|Richard Wright]] also moved to Paris, and [[Langston Hughes]] for a time lived in London.<ref name=":0" /> [[Nina Simone]] lived in France and several African countries.<ref name=":0" /> [[Paul Robeson]] testified to the [[House Committee On Un-American Activities|House Committee on Un-American Activities]] that in Russia, "I felt for the first time like a full human being."<ref name=":0" />
After World War II, when Ghana became the first [[Sub-Saharan Africa|sub-Saharan]] colonialized African nation to gain independence in 1957, the country became attractive to US Blacks for travel and emigration.<ref name=":1" /> [[Maya Angelou]] and [[W. E. B. Du Bois|W.E.B. Dubois]] moved there.<ref name=":1" />
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== Reasons ==
USA Today said "Black Americans, like expatriates of all races and ethnicities, leave the USA temporarily or permanently for different reasons: in search of a better quality of life, for work opportunities, to marry or retire abroad, for tax reasons, for adventure."<ref name=":0" />
Okunini Ọbádélé Kambon moved to Ghana after an arrest in Chicago.<ref name=":0" /> He is involved in a Ghanaian program that encourages descendants of Africans to emigrate.<ref name=":0" /> Lakeshia Ford moved to Ghana after a yearlong study abroad there; she says in Ghana "I don't have to think of myself as a Black woman...here I am just a woman."<ref name=":0" />
== References ==
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