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'''Brainwashing''', also known as '''mind control''', '''menticide''', '''coercive persuasion''', '''thought control''', '''thought reform''', and '''forced re-education''', is the concept that the human mind can be altered or controlled by psychological techniques. Brainwashing is said to reduce its subject's ability to think critically or independently, to allow the introduction of new, unwanted thoughts and ideas into their minds,<ref>{{cite book|title=Campbell's Psychiatric Dictionary|author=Campbell, Robert Jean|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=USA|year=2004|page=403}}</ref> as well as to change their attitudes, values, and beliefs.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Dictionary of Psychology|author=Corsini, Raymond J.|publisher=Psychology Press|year=2002|page=127}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Kowal, D.M.|year=2000|contribution=Brainwashing|editor=Love, A.E.|title=Encyclopedia of Psychology|volume=1|pages=463–464|publisher=American Psychological Association|doi=10.1037/10516-173|isbn=1-55798-650-9 }}</ref>
The term "brainwashing" was first used in English by [[Edward Hunter (U.S. journalist)|Edward Hunter]] in 1950 to describe how the [[Chinese government]] appeared to make people cooperate with them during the [[Korean War]]. Research into the concept also looked at [[Nazi Germany]] and present-day [[North Korea]], at some criminal cases in the United States, and at the actions of [[Human trafficking|human traffickers]]
In the late 1960s and 1970s, the CIA's [[MKUltra]] experiments failed with no operational use of the subjects. [[Scientific]] and [[legal]] debate followed, as well as media attention, about the possibility of brainwashing being a factor when [[lysergic acid diethylamide]] (LSD) was used,<ref>{{cite book|title=Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Religion|volume=2|publisher=Gyan Publishing House|year=2005}}</ref> or in the conversion of people to groups which are considered to be [[cult]]s.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Wright|first=Stuart|title=Media coverage of unconventional religion: Any "good news" for minority faiths?|journal=Review of Religious Research|date=December 1997|volume=39|issue=2|pages=101–115|doi=10.2307/3512176|jstor=3512176}}</ref>
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