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'''British Asians''' (also referred to as '''Asian Britons''')<ref>{{cite book |doi= 10.1007/978-1-349-26302-8_4 |chapter=British Asian Entrepreneurs: Culture and Opportunity Structures |first1=Tariq |last1=Modood |first2=Hilary |last2=Metcalf |first3=Satnam |last3=Virdee |title=Choice and Public Policy |year=1998 |pages=62–78 |editor-first=Peter |editor-last=Taylor-Gooby |publisher= Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-0-333-73131-4 }}</ref> are British people of [[Asian people|Asian]] descent. They constitute a significant and growing minority of the people living in the United Kingdom, with a population of 5.76 million people or 8.6% of the population identifying as Asian or Asian British in the [[2021 United Kingdom census]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ethnic group - Census Maps, ONS |url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/census/maps/choropleth/identity/ethnic-group/ethnic-group-tb-6a/asian-asian-british-or-asian-welsh |access-date=2022-11-29 |website=www.ons.gov.uk |language=en}}</ref><ref name="2022census_Scot"/><ref name=NICensus2021/> This represented an increase from a 6.9% share of the UK population in 2011, and a 4.4% share in 2001.
Represented predominantly by [[South Asian ethnic groups]], census data regarding birthplace and ethnicity demonstrate around a million Asian British people derive their ancestry between [[East Asia]], [[Southeast Asia]], [[Central Asia]], and [[West Asia]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/|title=Statistics - release calendar - GOV.UK|access-date=18 March 2015}}</ref> Since the [[2001 United Kingdom census|2001 census]], British people of general Asian descent have been included in the "Asian/Asian British" grouping ("Asian, Asian Scottish or Asian British" grouping in Scotland) of the [[Census in the United Kingdom|UK census]] questionnaires.<ref name="autogenerated1991">{{cite web|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/ethnicity/focus-on-ethnicity-and-identity/a-guide-to-comparing-1991-and-2001-census-ethnic-group-data/comparing-1991-and-2001-census-ethnic-group-data.pdf|title=A guide to comparing 1991 and 2001 Census ethnic group data|publisher=Office for National Statistics|access-date=27 April 2015}}</ref> Categories for [[British Indians]], [[British Pakistanis]], [[British Bangladeshis]], [[British Chinese]], [[Hong Kongers in the United Kingdom|British Hongkongers]] and other Asians have existed under an Asian British heading since the 2011 census.<ref name="ukcensus2011"/> In [[British English]] usage, especially in less formal contexts, the term "Asian" usually refers to people who trace their ancestry to the [[Indian subcontinent]]
There is a long history of migration to the [[United Kingdom]] (and its predecessor states) from across [[Asia]]. British colonies and protectorates throughout Asia brought [[lascar]]s (sailors and militiamen) to port cities in Britain. Immigration of small numbers of [[South Asians]] to England began with the arrival of the [[East India Company]] to the [[Indian subcontinent]], and the decline of the [[Mughal Empire]], at the end of the 16th century. Between the 17th and mid-19th century, increasingly diverse lascar crews heading for Britain imported [[East Asia]]ns, such as Japanese and Chinese seamen, [[Southeast Asia]]ns, such as [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malays]], South Asians such as the Indians (including the people from Pakistan), Bengalis and Ceylonese and post-[[Suez Canal]]; [[West Asia]]ns, such as Armenians and [[Yemenis in the United Kingdom|Yemenis]], who settled throughout the United Kingdom.
In particular, Indians also came to Britain for educational or economic reasons during the [[British Raj]] (with most returning to India after a few months or years)<ref>{{Cite book|last=Fisher|first=Michael H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iPHqigUD6FUC&q=settled|title=Counterflows to Colonialism: Indian Travellers and Settlers in Britain, 1600–1857|chapter=Introduction |page=1 |isbn=978-81-7824-154-8|year=2006|publisher=Orient Blackswan }}</ref> and in greater numbers as the [[Indian independence movement]] led to [[partition of India|the partition of 1947]], eventually creating the separate countries of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. The most significant wave of Asian immigration to and settlement in the United Kingdom came following the [[World War II|Second World War]] with the resumed control of [[British Hong Kong|Hong Kong]], the [[Decolonization|breakup]] of the [[British Empire]] and the independence of Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka and later Bangladesh, especially during the 1950s and 1960s. An influx of Asian immigrants also took place following the [[Expulsion of Asians from Uganda|expulsion]] or flight of [[Indian diaspora in Southeast Africa|Indian communities]] (then holders of [[British passport]]s) from the newly-independent [[Indians in Uganda|Uganda]], [[Indians in Kenya|Kenya]] and [[Indians in Tanzania|Tanzania]] in the early 1970s.
Since the 2010s, British Asians have achieved positions of high political office; [[Sadiq Khan]] (of [[Pakistan]]i descent) became [[Mayor of London]] in 2016, [[Rishi Sunak]] (of [[India|Indian]] descent) became the first British Asian [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] in October 2022 and [[Humza Yousaf]] (also of Pakistani descent) became [[First Minister of Scotland]] in March 2023.
==Terminology==
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===Music===
Since the 1970s, South Asian performers and writers have achieved significant mainstream cultural success. The first South Asian musician to gain wide popularity in the UK and worldwide fame was [[Queen (band)|Queen]] lead singer [[Freddie Mercury]], born Farrokh Bulsara in [[Zanzibar]], East Africa, to parents of [[Parsis|Parsi]] descent from [[Mumbai|Bombay]] (now Mumbai). In 2006, ''[[Time (magazine)|Time Asia]]'' magazine voted him as one of the most influential South [[Asian people|Asians]] in the past 60 years.<ref name="TimeAsia2006">{{cite news|last=Fitzpatrick|first=Liam |url=http://www.time.com/time/asia/2006/heroes/at_bulsara.html |title=Farrokh Bulsara|work=Time Asia|date=2006|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061211203952/http://www.time.com/time/asia/2006/heroes/at_bulsara.html|archive-date=11 December 2006}}</ref> At around the same time, music producer, composer and songwriter [[Biddu]] gained worldwide fame for a number of hit songs, including "[[Kung Fu Fighting]]" by [[Carl Douglas]] and "[[I Love to Love (But My Baby Loves to Dance)]]" for [[Tina Charles (singer)|Tina Charles]]. In the 1990s the South Asian artists who gained mainstream success included [[Apache Indian (musician)|Apache Indian]], whose 1993 single "[[Boom Shack-A-Lak]]" was used in many [[Hollywood (film industry)|Hollywood]] movies, and [[Jas Mann]], who headed [[Babylon Zoo]] and whose 1996 single "[[Spaceman (Babylon Zoo song)|Spaceman]]" set a UK chart record when it sold 418,000 copies in its first week of release. The most successful South Asian musician in 2008 was the [[British Tamil]] artist [[M.I.A. (rapper)|M.I.A.]], who was nominated for two [[Grammy Award]]s for her single "[[Paper Planes (M.I.A. song)|Paper Planes]]", and has been nominated for an [[Academy Award for Best Original Score]] for "[[O... Saya]]", from the [[Slumdog Millionaire: Music from the Motion Picture|''Slumdog Millionaire'' soundtrack]].
In 2009, R&B and hip-hop artist, [[Mumzy Stranger]], became the first British Bangladeshi to release a music single; titled "One More Dance".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtviggy.com/desi/music-video-mumzy-stranger-one-more-dance |title=Music Video: "One More Dance" by Mumzy Stranger|publisher=MTV Iggy |date=28 May 2009|access-date=18 June 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090531002148/http://www.mtviggy.com/desi/music-video-mumzy-stranger-one-more-dance|archive-date=31 May 2009}}</ref> In October 2009, Jay Sean's single "[[Down (Jay Sean song)|Down]]" reached the #1 on the [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Johnson| first=Billy Jr. |url=http://new.music.yahoo.com/programs/the-new-now/2108/jay-sean-american-boy|title=Jay Sean: American Boy|work=[[Yahoo! Music]]|date=8 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091012054639/http://new.music.yahoo.com/programs/the-new-now/2108/jay-sean-american-boy|archive-date=12 October 2009}}</ref> and sold four million copies in the United States,<ref name="riaa">{{cite web|title=Searchable Database |publisher=[[Recording Industry Association of America]] |url=https://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH |access-date=21 June 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070626050454/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH |archive-date=26 June 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=After 2,000 gigs, Hounslow singer tops the US charts|last=Akbar|first=Arifa |newspaper=[[The Independent]]|date=30 October 2009|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/after-2000-gigs-hounslow-singer-tops-the-us-charts-1811724.html|access-date=30 October 2009}}</ref> making him the first South Asian-origin solo artist and "the first UK [[Urban contemporary|Urban]] act to top ''Billboard''{{'}}s Hot 100,"<ref>{{cite news|title=Jay Sean's the Urban US legend|newspaper=[[Daily Mirror]]|date=10 October 2009|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/celebs/news/2009/10/10/jay-sean-s-the-urban-us-legend-115875-21736136/|access-date=30 September 2009}}</ref> "the most successful male UK urban artist in US chart history,"<ref>{{cite news|last=Youngs |first=Ian |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/8269400.stm |title=British R&B star conquers America |work=BBC News |date=23 September 2009 |access-date=8 October 2009}}</ref> and the most successful British male artist in the US charts since [[Elton John]] in 1997. A new generation of British Asian musicians have followed such as [[Raxstar]], Bilal and Nish. In the early 2010s, Asian boy band members, [[Siva Kaneswaran]] of [[the Wanted]] and [[Zayn Malik]] of [[One Direction]], have gained considerable mainstream popularity worldwide; the Wanted reached No. 3 on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 with "[[Glad You Came]]" while One Direction topped the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]] with ''[[Up All Night (One Direction album)|Up All Night]]''. British Bangladeshi YouTuber-turned-rapper Koomz is best known for his breakthrough single "Mariah" which has hit over 10 million streams and views across many platforms and also Number 1 in the Official Asian Music Chart of 2018.<ref name="bbclondon">{{Cite news|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3bSM8lAC4rk |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211213/3bSM8lAC4rk |archive-date=2021-12-13 |url-status=live|title=Amar Koomz: from Brixton to the big time |work=BBC London|via=YouTube|date=15 August 2018|access-date=20 September 2018}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2019/jan/11/asian-underground-music-eastern-electro-drumnbass|website=[[The Guardian]]|title=The birth of Asian underground: 'This music was for us and by us, and that was very powerful'|first=Ammar|last=Kalia|date=11 January 2019|access-date=3 June 2020}}</ref>
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Like India, Bhangra music has become popular among many in Britain<ref>{{cite news|last=Dixon |first=Martha|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/3117432.stm |title=Bhangra fusion gathers support |publisher=BBC|date=18 September 2003|access-date=3 June 2020}}</ref> not only from the works of [[List of British Asian people#Music|British South Asian musicians]] such as [[Panjabi MC]], [[Swami (band)|Swami]] and [[Rishi Rich]] but also incorporated into the works of a number of non-South Asian musicians not only British but including North American artists such as Canadian [[Shania Twain]], who created a whole alternate version of her multi-platinum album ''[[Up! (album)|Up!]]'' with full Indian instrumentation, produced by South Asian producers [[Simon & Diamond]]. Diamond, better known as [[DJ Swami]] has also collaborated with rapper [[Pras]], of the [[Fugees]], and his band [[Swami (band)|Swami]] have become one of the most renowned acts in South Asian music history, having had songs in major Hollywood movies and best-selling video games.
One of the first artists of South Asian Indian origin to achieve mainstream success was [[Apache Indian (musician)|Apache Indian]] who infused reggae and hip hop with Indian popular music to create a sound that transcended genre and found a multicultural audience. He is the only Indian artist to have achieved 7 top forty hits in the National UK charts. A subsequent wave of "[[Asian Underground]]" artists went on to blend elements of western underground dance music and the traditional music of their home countries, such as [[Nitin Sawhney]], [[Talvin Singh]], [[Asian Dub Foundation]], [[Panjabi MC]], [[Raghav]], and the [[Rishi Rich Project]] (featuring Rishi Rich, [[Jay Sean]] and [[Juggy D]]).
[[File:British Asian musicians combining Eastern and Western musical traditions.jpg|thumb|British Asian musicians combining Eastern and Western musical traditions]]
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==Social and political issues==
[[File:Prime Minister Sunak has a bilat with Prime Minister Modi of India at 2023 G20 New Delhi Summit.jpg|thumb|British Prime Minister [[Rishi Sunak]] and Indian Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] in 2023]]
[[File:JPS 1344a-sm (53329993939).jpg|thumb|British Asians at a pro-Palestinian, [[Israel–Hamas war protests in the United Kingdom|anti-war protest]] in London, 11 November 2023]]
===Discrimination and racism===
[[File:Shaheed Minar, Altab Ali Park.jpg|thumb|A ''Shaheed Minar'' in [[Altab Ali Park]], [[Whitechapel]] renamed in honour of the Bangladeshi racial victim Altab Ali]]
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