Bulang people: Difference between revisions

{{redirectRedirect|Blang|the language|Blang language}}

|group=Blang {{resize|75%|(BulongBulang)}}

|popplace= [[China]]: [[Yunnan]]; smaller populations in [[Myanmar|Burma]] and [[Thailand]]

|langs= [[Blang language|Blang]], [[U language|U]]

|rels=[[Theravada|Theravada Buddhism]], [[Animism|Animist]]

|related=[[VaWa people|Va]]

The '''BlangBulang people''' ({{Zh|c=布朗族|p=Bùlǎngzú}}; : Bùlǎng Zú) (also spelled '''BulongBlang''') people are an [[ethnic group]]. They form one of the 56 [[List of Chinese ethnic groups|56 in China|ethnic groups]] officially recognized by the [[China|People's Republic of China]].

*''{{IPA|plaŋ˧˩plaŋ31}}'' (布朗): in [[Xishuangbanna]]

*''{{IPA|a˥vaʔ˥a55 vaʔ55}}'' (阿佤): in [[Shuangjiang County|Shuangjiang]] and [[Lancang County|Lancang]] counties

*''{{IPA|ʔu˧tɤr˩ʔu33 tɤr11}}'' (乌德尔): some Bulang of [[Shuangjiang County|Shuangjiang]]; means '[[mountain people]]'

*''{{IPA|ʔu˥ʔu55}}'' (乌): in [[Yongde County|Yongde]] (''{{IPA|ʔu˥˩}}'' in Gantang 甘塘), [[Zhenkang County|Zhenkang]], [[Shidian County|Shidian]] (''{{IPA|ʔu˥ʔu55}}'' in Hazhai 哈寨), [[Changning County, Yunnan|Changning]] counties

*''{{IPA|vaʔ˥vaʔ55}}'' (佤): in [[Mojiang County]]

*''{{IPA|mɔn˧mɔn33}}'' (谟): Dai exonym for the Bulang of [[Xishuangbanna]]

*''{{IPA|a bø˥bø55}}'' (阿别): [[Hani language|Hani]] exonym for the Bulang of [[Xishuangbanna]]

*''{{IPA|la˧˩la31}}'' (拉): [[Tai Lue language|Dai]] exonym for the Bulang of [[Shuangjiang County|Shuangjiang]]

*''{{IPA|kha˧kha33 phv˥˧phv53}}{{IPA|}}'' (卡朴): : [[Lahu language|Lahu]] exonym for the Bulang

The [[Blang language]] belongs to the [[Palaungic languages|Palaungic]] branch of the [[Austroasiatic]] language family. Within the Palaungic branch, Blang belongs to the Waic subgroup, which also contains the languages of the [[Va people|Wa]] and [[Lawa people|Lawa]] peoples in addition to Blang. Some Blang also speak the [[Chinese language]] and [[Southwestern Tai languages]] in addition to Blang. Two systems of writing, based on the [[Latin alphabet]], have been developed: 'Totham' in the [[Xishuangbanna]] and 'Tolek' from [[Dehong]] and [[Lincang]].

Chinese [[ethnographers]] identify the Blang as descendants of an ancient tribe known as the "Pu" (濮), who lived in the [[Lancang River|Lancang]] river]] valley during ancient times. It is believed that these people were one branch of a number of peoples that were collectively known to the ancient Chinese as the Bǎipú (百濮, literally "[[Hundred Pu"]]).

The women usually dress in jackets with black skirts. The men had tattoos in the torso and the stomach. They dressed in wide black trousers and jackets buttoned to the front. Often, they would wear turbans of either white or black fabric.

The Blang are traditionally divided into small [[clans]], with each clan owning its own land. Every Blang town has its own cemeteries, which are divided by clans. The deceased are buried, with the exception of those who perished due to unnatural causes. In this case, they are cremated.

The Blang are traditionally associated with [[animism]], ancestor worship, and [[Theravada Buddhism]]. Writing in 2011, James Miller described these overlapping traditions as follows,: "{{Quote|The Blang, like many nationalities in southwest China, are Theravada Buddhists, but their highly complex religious life is also informed by local beliefs and customs that relate to the traditional ecology, with special attention being paid to rice, water, bees, beeswax, and the various local spirits that are associated with them."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fore.research.yale.edu/news/item/the-religion-and-ecology-of-the-blang-minority-nationality/|last=Miller|first=James|date=16 August 2011|title=News -: The Religion and Ecology of the Blang Minority Nationality|publisher=[[Yale Forum on Religion and Ecology at Yale]]|website=Forefore.research.yale.edu|accessdateaccess-date=17 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120423071225/http://fore.research.yale.edu/news/item/the-religion-and-ecology-of-the-blang-minority-nationality/|archive-date=2012-04-23|url-status=dead}}</ref> An overtly}}

A Christian missionary source (i.e., with observations reflecting attempts to convert the Bulang) describes them as "ardent followers of Theravada Buddhism", and offers as an estimate that 80% of the Bulang are "professing Buddhists", with a lower estimate of 35% being "practicing Buddhists".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.asiaharvest.org/pages/profiles/china/chinaPeoples/B/Bulang%20(B).pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120426062334/http://www.asiaharvest.org/pages/profiles/china/chinaPeoples/B/Bulang%20(B).pdf |archive-date=2012-04-26 |deadurl-url=yes |dfstatus=dead }}</ref>

**''Yongkang Township'' 永康镇: Songgui 送归,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=101081|title=永德县永康镇送归村委会|website=Ynszxc.net|accessdateaccess-date=17 August 2018}}</ref> Luo'ade 罗阿德, Xiaobaishui 小白水,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=101087|title=永德县永康镇送归村委会小白水自然村|website=Ynszxc.net|accessdateaccess-date=17 August 2018}}</ref> Luoshuiba 落水坝,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=101069|title=永德县永康镇热水塘村委会落水坝自然村|website=Ynszxc.net|accessdateaccess-date=17 August 2018}}</ref> Xiamangping 下忙坪,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=101104|title=永德县永康镇忙况村委会下忙平自然村|website=Ynszxc.net|accessdateaccess-date=17 August 2018}}</ref> Nanmusuan 南木算,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=101091|title=永德县永康镇端德村委会南木算自然村|website=Ynszxc.net|accessdateaccess-date=17 August 2018}}</ref> Manghai 忙海,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=101095|title=永德县永康镇端德村委会忙海自然村|website=Ynszxc.net|accessdateaccess-date=17 August 2018}}</ref> Yatang 鸭塘,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=101117|title=永德县永康镇鸭塘村委会|website=Ynszxc.net|accessdateaccess-date=17 August 2018}}</ref> Duande 端德村,<ref name="Wang2013"/> Mangkuang 忙况村,<ref name="Wang2013"/> Reshuitang 热水塘村<ref name="Wang2013"/>

**''Xiaomengtong Township'' 小孟统乡: Dazhai 大寨,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=63287|title=永德县小勐统镇小勐统村委会大寨自然村|website=Ynszxc.net|accessdateaccess-date=17 August 2018}}</ref> Hudong 户董,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=63300|title=永德县小勐统镇麻栎树村委会户懂自然村|website=Ynszxc.net|accessdateaccess-date=17 August 2018}}</ref> Hewei 河尾,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vindex.aspx?departmentid=63285|title=永德县小勐统镇小勐统村委会河尾自然村|website=Ynszxc.net|accessdateaccess-date=17 August 2018}}</ref> Landizhai 烂地寨,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=63329|title=永德县小勐统镇河边村委会烂地寨自然村|website=Ynszxc.net|accessdateaccess-date=17 August 2018}}</ref> Banpo 半坡<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=63292|title=永德县小勐统镇半坡村委会|website=Ynszxc.net|accessdateaccess-date=17 August 2018}}</ref>

**''Mengban Township'' 勐板乡: Ganzhe 甘蔗, Xiazhai 下寨, Dazhai 大寨, Huangguozhai 黄果寨,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vindex.aspx?departmentid=124560|title=永德县勐板乡梨树村委会黄果寨自然村|website=Ynszxc.net|accessdateaccess-date=17 August 2018}}</ref> Datian 大田,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vindex.aspx?departmentid=124582|title=永德县勐板乡户丫村委会大田寨自然村|website=Ynszxc.net|accessdateaccess-date=17 August 2018}}</ref> Nandongshan 南董山,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vindex.aspx?departmentid=124536|title=永德县勐板乡勐板村委会南懂山自然村|website=Ynszxc.net|accessdateaccess-date=17 August 2018}}</ref> Xiahuya 下户丫<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vindex.aspx?departmentid=124579|title=永德县勐板乡户丫村委会下户丫自然村|website=Ynszxc.net|accessdateaccess-date=17 August 2018}}</ref>

**''Dashan Township'' 大山乡: Huwei 户威, Hongshan 红山,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=120917|title=永德县大山乡玉华村民委员会红山自然村|website=Ynszxc.net|accessdateaccess-date=17 August 2018}}</ref> Malizhai 麻栗寨, Pahong 怕红<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=120948|title=永德县大山乡麻栎寨村民委员会怕红自然村|website=Ynszxc.net|accessdateaccess-date=17 August 2018}}</ref>

**''Manghuai Township'' 忙怀乡: Bangliu 邦六,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=34085|title=云县忙怀彝族布朗族乡邦六村委会|website=Ynszxc.net|accessdateaccess-date=17 August 2018}}</ref> Gaojingcao 高井槽<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=34077|title=云县忙怀彝族布朗族乡高井槽村委会|website=Ynszxc.net|accessdateaccess-date=17 August 2018}}</ref>

**''Manwan Township'' 漫湾镇: Dapingzhang 大平掌,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=108922|title=云县漫湾镇新村村委会新村村委会大平掌自然村|website=Ynszxc.net|accessdateaccess-date=17 August 2018}}</ref> Manjiu 慢旧,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=108893|title=云县漫湾镇慢旧村委会|website=Ynszxc.net|accessdateaccess-date=17 August 2018}}</ref> Hetaolin 核桃林村<ref name="Wang2013"/>

**''Yongbao Township'' 涌宝乡: Shilong 石龙,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=262246|title=云县涌宝镇石龙村委会|website=Ynszxc.net|accessdateaccess-date=17 August 2018}}</ref> Langbashan 浪坝山,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=262242|title=云县涌宝镇浪坝山村委会|website=Ynszxc.net|accessdateaccess-date=17 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=262353|title=云县涌宝镇浪坝山村委会浪坝山自然村|website=Ynszxc.net|accessdateaccess-date=17 August 2018}}</ref> Laolu 老鲁<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=262234|title=云县涌宝镇老鲁村委会|website=Ynszxc.net|accessdateaccess-date=17 August 2018}}</ref>

**''Lishu Township'' 栗树乡: Mangbang 忙蚌,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=58409|title=云县栗树彝族傣族乡忙蚌村委会|website=Ynszxc.net|accessdateaccess-date=17 August 2018}}</ref> Manlang 慢郎,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=5899|title=云县栗树彝族傣族乡慢郎村委会|website=Ynszxc.net|accessdateaccess-date=17 August 2018}}</ref> Xiaobanggan 小邦赶<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=5898|title=云县栗树彝族傣族乡小帮赶村委会|website=Ynszxc.net|accessdateaccess-date=17 August 2018}}</ref>

**''Manghong Township'' 芒洪乡: Keqie 科且村,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=143181|title=耿马傣族佤族自治县芒洪拉祜族布朗族乡科且村委会|website=Ynszxc.net|accessdateaccess-date=17 August 2018}}</ref> Anya 安雅村<ref name="Wang2013"/>

**''Mengyong Township'' 勐永镇: Mangnuozhai 忙糯寨<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=94023|title=临翔区蚂蚁堆乡忙糯村委会|website=Ynszxc.net|accessdateaccess-date=17 August 2018}}</ref>

**''Gengxuan Township'' 耿宣镇: Mangfu 芒福, Bakazhai 坝卡寨<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=80649|title=耿马傣族佤族自治县耿马镇允捧村委会坝卡老寨自然村|website=Ynszxc.net|accessdateaccess-date=17 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vindex.aspx?departmentid=80648|title=耿马傣族佤族自治县耿马镇允捧村委会坝卡新寨自然村|website=Ynszxc.net|accessdateaccess-date=17 August 2018}}</ref>

**''Huimin Township'' 惠民乡: Manjing 蛮景,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=106179|title=澜沧拉祜族自治县惠民镇芒景村|website=Ynszxc.net|accessdateaccess-date=17 August 2018}}</ref> Manhong 蛮洪,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vindex.aspx?departmentid=106184|title=澜沧拉祜族自治县惠民镇芒景村芒洪|website=Ynszxc.net|accessdateaccess-date=17 August 2018}}</ref> Wengji 翁机,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=106181|title=澜沧拉祜族自治县惠民镇芒景村翁基|website=Ynszxc.net|accessdateaccess-date=17 August 2018}}</ref> Wengwa 翁洼<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=106180|title=澜沧拉祜族自治县惠民镇芒景村翁哇|website=Ynszxc.net|accessdateaccess-date=17 August 2018}}</ref>

**''Qianliu Township'' 谦六乡: Dagang 打岗,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=137047|title=澜沧拉祜族自治县谦六彝族乡打岗打岗|website=Ynszxc.net|accessdateaccess-date=17 August 2018}}</ref> Dagun 打滚,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=137049|title=澜沧拉祜族自治县谦六彝族乡打岗打滚|website=Ynszxc.net|accessdateaccess-date=17 August 2018}}</ref> Machang 马厂,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=267029|title=澜沧拉祜族自治县谦六彝族乡打岗马厂|website=Ynszxc.net|accessdateaccess-date=17 August 2018}}</ref> Danao 大脑

**''Dongwen Township'' 文东乡: Shuitang 水塘,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=154174|title=澜沧拉祜族自治县文东佤族乡水塘村|website=Ynszxc.net|accessdateaccess-date=17 August 2018}}</ref> Jiuku 旧苦,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=154176|title=澜沧拉祜族自治县文东佤族乡水塘村旧苦组|website=Ynszxc.net|accessdateaccess-date=17 August 2018}}</ref> Pasai 帕赛<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=154191|title=澜沧拉祜族自治县文东佤族乡帕赛村|website=Ynszxc.net|accessdateaccess-date=17 August 2018}}</ref> (in Nagongzhai 那巩寨<ref name="Bulang1991"/>), Nasai 那赛

**''Zhulin Township'' 竹林乡: Cizhulin 茨竹林村,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=157649|title=思茅区思茅港镇茨竹林村委会茨竹林自然村|website=Ynszxc.net|accessdateaccess-date=17 August 2018}}</ref> Dacheshu 大车树村<ref name="Bulang1991">布朗族研究 (1991)</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=157672|title=思茅区思茅港镇大车树村委会|website=Ynszxc.net|accessdateaccess-date=17 August 2018}}</ref>

in Dahuangba Village 大荒坝村, Dadugang Township 大渡岗乡.<ref>陈娥; 郭云春 2016. 昆罕大寨布朗族经济发展与母语保护. 曲靖师范学院学报.</ref><ref>https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%98%86%E7%BD%95%E5%A4%A7%E5%AF%A8%E6%9D%91</ref>