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Hajers2213 (talk | contribs) Fixed birth location in the basis of the administrative divisions of Nazi Germany. Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
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'''Gerhard Fritz Kurt Schröder''' ({{IPA-de|ˈɡɛɐ̯haɐ̯t fʁɪts kʊɐ̯t ˈʃʁøːdɐ|lang|De-Gerhard Fritz Kurt Schröder.ogg}}; born 7 April 1944) is a German politician who served as [[Chancellor of Germany]] from 1998 to 2005, during which his most important political initiative was [[Agenda 2010]]. As a member of the [[Social Democratic Party of Germany]] (SPD), he led a [[coalition government]] of the SPD and the [[Alliance 90/The Greens|Greens]]. Since 2017, Gerhard serves as the [[Chairperson|chairman]] of [[Russia|Russian]] [[Energy industry|energy]] company [[Rosneft]].
Before becoming a full-time politician, he was a lawyer, and before becoming Chancellor he served as [[Prime Minister of Lower Saxony]] (1990–1998). Following the [[2005 German federal elections|2005 federal election]], which his party lost, after three weeks of negotiations he stood down as Chancellor in favour of [[Angela Merkel]] of the rival [[Christian Democratic Union (Germany)|Christian Democratic Union]]. He is currently the chairman of the board of [[Nord Stream AG]] and of [[Rosneft]], after having been hired as a global manager by investment bank [[N M Rothschild & Sons|Rothschild]], and also the chairman of the board of football club [[Hannover 96]].
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Following the [[1998 German federal election|1998 national elections]], Schröder became Chancellor as head of an SPD-Green coalition. Throughout his campaign for Chancellor, he portrayed himself as a pragmatic ''new'' Social Democrat who would promote economic growth while strengthening Germany's generous social welfare system.<ref>[[Edmund L. Andrews]] (20 October 1998), [https://www.nytimes.com/1998/10/20/world/choice-for-economics-post-spurns-offer-by-schroder.html Choice for Economics Post Spurns Offer by Schroder] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152448/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/10/20/world/choice-for-economics-post-spurns-offer-by-schroder.html |date=5 October 2017 }} ''[[New York Times]]''.</ref>
After the resignation of [[Oskar Lafontaine]] as SPD Chairman in March 1999, in protest at Schröder's adoption of a number of what Lafontaine considered "[[neo-liberal]]" policies, Schröder took over his rival's office as well. In a move meant to signal a deepening alliance between Schröder and [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] [[Tony Blair]] of the [[United Kingdom]],<ref>Rachel Sylvester (29 May 1999), [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/we-say-third-way-you-say-die-neue-mitte-1096855.html We say Third Way, you say die neue mitte] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005151218/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/we-say-third-way-you-say-die-neue-mitte-1096855.html |date=5 October 2017 }} ''[[The Independent]]''.</ref> the two leaders issued an eighteen-page manifesto for economic reform in June 1999. Titled Europe: The Third Way,<ref>[[Tony Blair]] and Gerhard Schroeder, (19 Aug 1999) https://web.archive.org/web/19990819090124/http://www.labour.org.uk/views/items/00000053.html Europe: The Third Way/Die Neue Mitte]</ref> or Die Neue Mitte in German, it called on Europe's centre-left governments to cut taxes, pursue labour and welfare reforms and encourage entrepreneurship. The joint paper said European governments needed to adopt a "supply-side agenda" to respond to globalisation, the demands of capital markets and technological change.<ref>[[Edmund L. Andrews]] (20 October 1998), [https://www.nytimes.com/1999/06/09/business/worldbusiness/britishgerman-agenda-marks-break-with-left-manifesto.html British-German Agenda Marks Break With Left : Manifesto Maps Out 'Third Way'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005203051/http://www.nytimes.com/1999/06/09/business/worldbusiness/britishgerman-agenda-marks-break-with-left-manifesto.html
Schröder's efforts backfired within his own party though, where the traditional left-wing rejected the Schröder-Blair call for cutbacks to the welfare state and pro-business policies. Instead, the paper took part of the blame for a succession of six German state election losses in 1999 for the Social Democratic Party. Only by 2000, Schröder managed to capitalise on the [[CDU donations scandal|donations scandal]] of his Christian Democratic opposition to push through a landmark tax reform bill and re-establish his dominance of the German political scene.<ref>Tom Buerkle and John Schmid (22 July 2000), [https://www.nytimes.com/2000/07/22/news/the-third-wayschroeder-soars-but-blair-stalls.html The Third Way: Schroeder Soars but Blair Stalls] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005152528/http://www.nytimes.com/2000/07/22/news/the-third-wayschroeder-soars-but-blair-stalls.html |date=5 October 2017 }} ''[[International Herald Tribune]]''.</ref>
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