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[[ImageFile:Us navy helicopter landing signals illustration.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Military [[aircraft marshalling|air marshallers]] use hand and body gestures to direct flight operations aboard [[aircraft carrier]]s.]]
A '''gesture''' is a form of [[non-verbal communication]] or non-vocal communication in which visible bodily actions communicate particular messages, either in place of, or in conjunction with, [[speech]]. Gestures include movement of the [[hand]]s, [[face]], or other parts of the [[Human body|body]]. Gestures differ from physical non-verbal communication that does not communicate specific messages, such as purely [[Emotional expression|expressive]] displays, [[proxemics]], or displays of [[joint attention]].<ref name=Kendon>Kendon, Adam. (2004) ''Gesture: Visible Action as Utterance''. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-83525-9</ref> Gestures allow individuals to communicate a variety of feelings and thoughts, from contempt and hostility to approval and affection, often together with [[body language]] in addition to [[word]]s when they speak.
 
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==Categories==
[[ImageFile:Unclesamwantyou.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Pointing at another person with an extended finger is considered rude in many cultures.]]
{{main article|List of gestures}}
 
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==Social significance==
 
Gestures, commonly referred to as “body"body language,”" play an important role in industry. Proper body language etiquette in business dealings can be crucial for success. However, gestures can have different meanings according to the country in which they are expressed. In an age of global business, diplomatic cultural sensitivity has become a necessity. Gestures that we take as innocent may be seen by someone else as deeply insulting.<ref>Axtell, R. (1993). Do's and taboos around the world. (3rd ed., p. 116). Wiley. Retrieved from http://www.sheltonstate.edu/Uploads/files/faculty/Angela%20Gibson/Sph%20106/taboos0001.pdf</ref> The following gestures are examples of proper etiquette with respect to different countries’ customs on salutations:
In the United States, “a"a firm handshake, accompanied by direct eye contact, is the standard greeting. Direct eye contact in both social and business situations is very important.”"
In the People’sPeople's Republic of China, “the"the Western custom of shaking a person's hand upon introduction has become widespread throughout the country. However, oftentimes a nod of the head or a slight bow will suffice.”"
In Japan, “the"the act of presenting business cards is very important. When presenting, one holds the business card with both hands, grasping it between the thumbs and forefingers. The presentation is to be accompanied by a slight bow. The print on the card should point towards the person to which one is giving the card.”"
In Germany, “it"it is impolite to shake someone's hand with your other hand in your pocket. This is seen as a sign of disrespect”disrespect"
In France, “a"a light, quick handshake is common. To offer a strong, pumping handshake would be considered uncultured. When one enters a room, be sure to greet each person present. A woman in France will offer her hand first.”"<ref>Axtell, R. (1993). Worldsmart: Gestures around the world. World Smart Resource Center, Retrieved from http://www.globalbusinessleadership.com/gestures_overview.asp</ref>
 
[[ImageFile:VitarkaMudra.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Vitarka [[mudra]], [[Tarim Basin]], 9th century.]]
Gestures are also a means to initiate a [[Courtship|mating ritual]]. This may include elaborate [[dance]]s and other movements. Gestures play a major role in many aspects of human life. Gesturing is probably universal; there has been no report of a community that does not gesture. Gestures are a crucial part of everyday conversation such as chatting, describing a route, negotiating prices on a market; they are ubiquitous. Additionally, when people use gestures, there is a certain shared background knowledge. We use similar gestures when talking about a specific action such as how we gesture the idea of drinking out of a cup. When an individual makes a gesture, another person can understand because of recognition of the actions/shapes.<ref name="VASC, Dermina 2013">VASC, Dermina, and Thea IONESCU. "Embodying Cognition: Gestures And Their Role In The Development Of Thinking." Cognitie, Creier, Comportament/Cognition, Brain, Behavior 17.2 (2013): 149-150. Academic Search Complete. Web.</ref> Gestures have been documented in the arts such as in Greek vase paintings, Indian Miniatures or European paintings.
 
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==Gestures in Indian Classical Dance==
Prior to the language development, history says communication took place using gestures. Indian Classical Dance, Bharathanatyam, involves a plenty of hand gestures called Mudras. The patterns in which the fingers are assembled depict certain object, place or feel of a person.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mudras_(dance)#References</ref>
 
== Gestures in Medicine==
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesture"