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</ref> Juana María Rodríguez borrows ideas of [[Phenomenology (philosophy)|phenomenology]] and draws on Noland and Muñoz to investigate how gesture functions in queer sexual practices as a way to rewrite gender and negotiate power relations. She also connects gesture to [[Giorgio Agamben]]'s idea of "means without ends" to think about political projects of social justice that are incomplete, partial, and legibile within culturally and socially defined spheres of meaning.<ref>Rodríguez, Juana María. ''Sexual Futures, Queer Gestures, and Other Latina Longings''. New York: NYU Press, 2014.
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Within the field of linguistics, the most hotly contested aspect of gesture revolves around the subcategory of Lexical or Iconic Co-Speech Gestures. Adam Kendon was the first linguist to hypothesize on their purpose when he argued that Lexical gestures do work to amplify or modulate the lexico-semantic content of the verbal speech with which they co-occur<ref name="Kendon" />. However, since the late 1990s, most research has revolved around the contrasting hypothesis that Lexical gestures serve a primarily cognitive purpose in aiding the process of speech production.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> As of 2012, there is research to suggest that Lexical Gesture does indeed serve a primarily communicative purpose and cognitive only secondary, but in the realm of socio-pragmatic communication, rather than lexico-semantic modification.<ref name=":3" />
==Typology of Gesture (Categories)==
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The elaboration of lexical gestures falls on a spectrum of iconic-metaphorical in how closely tied they are to the lexico-semantic content of the verbal speech they coordinate with. More iconic gesture very obviously mirrors the words being spoken (such as drawing a jagged horizontal line in the air to describe mountains) whereas more metaphorical gestures clearly contain some spatial relation to the semantic content of the co-occuring verbal speech, but the relationship between the gesture and the speech might be more ambiguous.
Lexical gestures, like Motor gestures, cannot occur independently of verbal speech. The purpose of lexical gestures is still widely contested in the literature with some linguists arguing that lexical gestures serve to amplify or modulate the semantic content of lexical speech<ref name="Kendon" />, or that it serves a cognitive purpose in aiding in lexical access and retrieval <ref name=":0" /> or verbal working memory<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Gillespie et. al.|first=Maureen|year=2014|title=Verbal Working Memory Predicts Co-Speech Gesture: Evidence from Individual Differences|url=|journal=Cognition|volume=132|pages=174-180|via=}}</ref>. Most recent research suggests that lexical gestures serve a primarily socio-pragmatic role.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=Holler et. al.|first=Judith|year=2012|title=It's On the Tip of My Fingers: Co-speech Gestures During Lexical Retrieval in Different Social Contexts|url=|journal=Language and Cognitive Processes|volume=|pages=|via=}}</ref>
==Language development==
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