Gesture: Difference between revisions

Gestures have been studied throughout time from different philosophers.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Kendon|first=A|authorlink=Adam Kendon|year=1982|title=The study of gesture: Some observations on its history|journal=Recherches Sémiotiques/Semiotic Inquiry|volume=2|issue=1|pages=45–62}}</ref> [[Quintilian|Marcus Fabius Quintilianus]] was a [[Roman]] [[Rhetoric|Rhetorician]] who studied in his Institution Oratoria on how gesture can be used on rhetorical discourses. One of his greatest works and foundation for [[communication]] was the "[[Institutio oratoriaOratoria]]" where he explains his observations and nature of different oratories. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Quintilian|title=Quintilian {{!}} Roman rhetorician|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=2018-10-15|language=en}}</ref>

A study done in 1644, by [[John Bulwer]] an [[English]] [[physician]] and early [[Baconianism|Baconian]] [[Natural philosophy|natural philosopher]] wrote five works exploring human communications pertaining to gestures. <ref>Wollock, J. (2002). John Bulwer (1606–1656) and the significance of gesture in 17th-century theories of language and cognition. Gesture. 2 (2),</ref> Bulwer analyzed dozens of gestures and a provided a guide under his book named Chirologia which focused on hand gestures. <ref>{{cite book|title=Chirologia: or the Naturall Language of the Hand|last=Bulwer|first=J|year=1644|location=London|authorlink=John Bulwer}}</ref> In the 19th century, [[Andrea De Jorio]] an Italian [[antiquarian]] who was a considered a of research about [[body language]] published an extensive account of gesture expressions. <ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lw8tzmu9-GYC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Gesture in Naples and Gesture in Classical Antiquity|last=de Jorio|first=A|publisher=[[Indiana University Press]]|year=2002|isbn=0-253-21506-4|authorlink=Andrea de Jorio|orig-year=1832}}</ref>

[[Andrew N. Meltzoff]] an American psychologist conducted who's internationally renown on infant and child development conducted a study in 1977 on the imitation of facial and manual gestures by new born. The study concluded that "infants between 12 and 21 days of age can imitate the facial and manual gestures of parents". <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Meltzoff|first=A. N.|last2=Moore|first2=M. K.|date=1977-10-07|title=Imitation of facial and manual gestures by human neonates|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/897687|journal=Science (New York, N.Y.)|volume=198|issue=4312|pages=74–78|issn=0036-8075|pmid=897687}}</ref> In 1992, [[David McNeill|David Mcneill]] a professor of [[linguistics]] and [[psychology]] at the [[University of Chicago]] wrote a book based on his ten years of research and concluded that "gestures do not simply form a part of what is said, but have an impact on thought itself." Meltzoff argues that gestures directly transfer thoughts into visible forms, showing that ideas and language cannot always be express. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/H/bo3641188.html|title=Hand and mind: What gestures reveal about thought.|last=McNeill|first=D|date=1992|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> A peer-reviewed journal Gesture has been published since 2001,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://benjamins.com/#catalog/journals/gest/issues|title=Gesture Issues|last=|first=|date=2016|website=benjamins.com|publisher=Benjamins|access-date=2016-10-11}}</ref> and was founded by [[Adam Kendon]] and [[Cornelia Müller]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gesturestudies.com/history.php|title=A brief history of the origins of the ISGS|last=Müller|first=Cornelia|date=|website=ISGS: International Society for Gesture Studies|publisher=|access-date=}}</ref> The International Society for Gesture Studies (ISGS) was founded in 2002.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gesturestudies.com/|title=International Society for Gesture Studies (ISGS)|last=Andrén|first=Mats|website=gesturestudies.com|access-date=2016-10-11}}</ref>

</ref> But rather than just residing within one cultural context, she describes how gesture migrate across bodies and locations to create new cultural meanings and associations. She also posits how they might function as a form of "resistance to homogenization" because they are so dependent on the specificitiesspecification of the bodies that perform them.<ref>Noland, Carrie. "Introduction." ''Migration of Gesture''. Ed. Carrie Noland and Sally Ann Ness. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2008. p. x.