Gesture: Difference between revisions

 

== Research throughout the ages ==

 

A study done in 1644, by [[John Bulwer]] an [[English people|English]] [[physician]] and early [[Baconian method|Baconian]] [[Natural philosophy|natural philosopher]] wrote five works exploring human communications pertaining to gestures.<ref>Wollock, J. (2002). John Bulwer (1606–1656) and the significance of gesture in 17th-century theories of language and cognition. Gesture. 2 (2),</ref> Bulwer analyzed dozens of gestures and provided a guide under his book named Chirologia which focused on hand gestures.<ref>{{cite book|title=Chirologia: or the Naturall Language of the Hand|url=https://archive.org/details/b30324907|last=Bulwer|first=J|year=1644|location=London|authorlink=John Bulwer}}</ref> In the 19th century, [[Andrea De Jorio]] an Italian [[antiquarian]] who was a considered a of research about [[body language]] published an extensive account of gesture expressions.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lw8tzmu9-GYC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=Gesture in Naples and Gesture in Classical Antiquity|last=de Jorio|first=A|publisher=[[Indiana University Press]]|year=2002|isbn=978-0-253-21506-2|authorlink=Andrea de Jorio|orig-year=1832}}</ref>

Because of this connection of co-speech gestures—a form of manual action—in language in the brain, Roel Willems and Peter Hagoort conclude that both gestures and language contribute to the understanding and decoding of a speaker's encoded message. Willems and Hagoort's research suggest that "processing evoked by gestures is qualitatively similar to that of words at the level of semantic processing." This conclusion is supported through findings from experiments by Skipper where the use of gestures led to "a division of labor between areas related to language or action (Broca's area and premotor/primary motor cortex respectively)", The use of gestures in combination with speech allowed the brain to decrease the need for "semantic control", Because gestures aided in understanding the relayed message, there was not as great a need for semantic selection or control that would otherwise be required of the listener through [[Broca's area]]. Gestures are a way to represent the thoughts of an individual, which are prompted in working memory. The results of an experiment revealed that adults have increased accuracy when they used pointing gestures as opposed to simply counting in their heads (without the use of pointing gestures)<ref name="VASC, Dermina 2013"/> Furthermore, the results of a study conducted by Marstaller and Burianová suggest that the use of gestures affect working memory. The researchers found that those with low capacity of working memory who were able to use gestures actually recalled more terms than those with low capacity who were not able to use gestures.<ref>Marstaller, Lars and Hana Burianová. "Individual differences in the gesture effect on working memory."Psychonomic Society 20 (2013): 496-500. Academic Search Complete. Web.</ref>

 

 

==Electronic interface==