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[[File:The Sasanian Empire at its apex under Khosrow II.svg|thumb|The [[Sasanian Empire]] at its greatest extent {{Circa|620}}, under [[Khosrow II]]]]
'''Greater Iran''' or '''Greater Persia''' ({{lang-fa|ایران بزرگ}} {{Transliteration|fa|Irān-e Bozorg}}), also called the '''Iranosphere''' or the '''Persosphere''', is an expression that denotes a wide socio-cultural region comprising parts of [[West Asia]], the [[Caucasus]], [[Central Asia]], [[South Asia]], and [[East Asia]] (specifically [[Xinjiang]])—all of which have been affected, to some degree, by the [[Iranian peoples]] and the [[Iranian languages]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Frye |first1=Richard Nelson |year=1962 |title=Reitzenstein and Qumrân Revisited by an Iranian, Richard Nelson Frye, The Harvard Theological Review, Vol. 55, No. 4 (Oct. 1962), pp. 261–268 |url=https://www.jstor.org/pss/1508723 |journal=The Harvard Theological Review |volume=55 |issue=4 |pages=261–268 |doi=10.1017/S0017816000007926 |jstor=1508723 |s2cid=162213219}}</ref><ref>[http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=1009412 International Journal of Middle East Studies]. (2007), 39: pp 307–309 Copyright © 2007 Cambridge University Press.</ref> It is defined by having been long
Throughout the 16th–19th centuries, Iran lost many of the territories that had been conquered under the [[Safavid dynasty|Safavids]] and [[Qajar dynasty|Qajars]]. The [[Ottoman–Persian Wars|Ottoman–Iranian Wars]] resulted in the loss of present-day [[Iraq]] to the [[Ottoman Empire]], as outlined in the [[Peace of Amasya|Treaty of Amasya]] in 1555 and the [[Treaty of Zuhab]] in 1639. Simultaneously, the [[Russo-Persian Wars|Russo-Iranian Wars]] resulted in the loss of the Caucasus to the [[Russian Empire]]: the [[Treaty of Gulistan]] in 1813 saw Iran cede present-day [[Dagestan]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], and most of [[Azerbaijan]];<ref>{{cite book |author=India. Foreign and Political Dept. |url=https://archive.org/details/acollectiontrea14deptgoog |title=A Collection of Treaties, Engagements, and Sunnuds, Relating to India and Neighbouring Countries: Persia and the Persian Gulf |publisher=G. A. Savielle and P. M. Cranenburgh, Bengal Print. Co |year=1892 |pages=x (10) |quote=treaty of gulistan.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Mikaberidze |first1=Alexander |title=Historical Dictionary of Georgia |date=2015 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-4422-4146-6 |pages=348–349 |quote=Persia lost all its territories to the north of the Aras River, which included all of Georgia, and parts of Armenia and Azerbaijan.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Olsen |first1=James Stuart |title=Historical Dictionary of European Imperialism |last2=Shadle |first2=Robert |date=1991 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=978-0-313-26257-9 |page=314 |quote=In 1813 Iran signed the Treaty of Gulistan, ceding Georgia to Russia.}}</ref> and the [[Treaty of Turkmenchay]] in 1828 saw Iran cede present-day [[Armenia]], the remainder of Azerbaijan, and [[Iğdır Province|Iğdır]], setting the northern boundary along the [[Aras (river)|Aras River]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Roxane Farmanfarmaian |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q_CPdClFR2cC&q=Qajar+loss+of+Afghanistan&pg=PA4 |title=War and peace in Qajar Persia: implications past and present |publisher=Psychology Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-203-93830-0 |page=4}}</ref>{{sfn|Fisher|Avery|Hambly|Melville|1991|p=329}} Parts of [[Afghanistan]] were lost to the [[British Empire]] through the [[Treaty of Paris (1857)|Treaty of Paris]] in 1857 and the [[Henry McMahon|McMahon Arbitration]] in 1905.<ref>{{cite book |author=Erik Goldstein |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_sZpuJhvK_4C&q=treaty+of+paris+Afghanistan&pg=PA72 |title=Wars and peace treaties, 1816-1991 |publisher=Psychology Press |year=1992 |isbn=978-0-203-97682-1 |pages=72–73}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=A history of Persia, Volume 2|author=Sir Percy Molesworth Sykes|publisher=Macmillan and co.|year=1915|page=[https://archive.org/details/cu31924088418466/page/n676 469]|url=https://archive.org/details/cu31924088418466|quote=Macmahon arbitration persia.}}</ref>
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