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A '''devil''',
==Publication history==
Devils first appeared in the original first-edition ''Advanced Dungeons & Dragons'' ''[[Monster Manual]]''.<ref>{{Cite journal| last =Turnbull| first =Don| author-link =Don Turnbull (game designer)| title =The Open Box, The Monster Manual| journal =White Dwarf| volume =2| issue =8| pages =16–17|date=August–September 1978}}</ref><!--This list is far from complete; nor does it need to be! Just trying to get a handle on the most notable appearances of devils in D&D.-->
The release of the 2nd Edition ''Advanced Dungeons & Dragons'' brought a name change for the devils and their counterparts, [[demon (Dungeons & Dragons)|demons]]. The 1st Edition's ''Deities and Demigods'' sourcebook was described as "exactly like witchcraft" by a [[Televangelism|televangelist]].<ref name="season">{{cite book | title=Season of the Witch: How the Occult Saved Rock and Roll | first=Peter | last=Bebergal | chapter=Chapter 3: The Devil Rides Out | publisher=Penguin | year=2014 | isbn=9780698143722}}</ref> Concerned about protests from religious groups and others who viewed the game as an entryway into Satanic worship, [[TSR, Inc.]] dropped the words "devil" and "demon" from all descriptors of the monsters,<ref name="Dragon 154">[[James M. Ward]]; "The Games Wizards: Angry Mothers From Heck (And what we do about them)" in ''Dragon'' #154</ref> substituting instead, baatezu {{IPAc-en|b|eɪ|ˈ|ɑː|t|ɛ|z|uː}} and tanar'ri .<ref name="season" /> This persisted until the rollout of the 3rd Edition when the original terms were reinstated. Since the change, the term "baatezu" has been retained as a specific subset of powerful devils.▼
▲The release of the 2nd Edition ''Advanced Dungeons & Dragons'' brought a name change for the devils and their counterparts, [[demon (Dungeons & Dragons)|demons]]. The 1st Edition's ''Deities and Demigods'' sourcebook was described as "exactly like witchcraft" by a [[Televangelism|televangelist]].<ref name=season>{{cite book | title=Season of the Witch: How the Occult Saved Rock and Roll | first=Peter | last=Bebergal | chapter=Chapter 3: The Devil Rides Out | publisher=Penguin | year=2014 | isbn=9780698143722}}</ref> Concerned about protests from religious groups and others who viewed the game as an entryway into Satanic worship, [[TSR, Inc.]] dropped the words "devil" and "demon" from all descriptors of the monsters,<ref name="Dragon 154">[[James M. Ward]]; "The Games Wizards: Angry Mothers From Heck (And what we do about them)" in ''Dragon'' #154</ref> substituting instead, baatezu {{IPAc-en|b|eɪ|ˈ|ɑː|t|ɛ|z|uː}} and tanar'ri .<ref name=season/> This persisted until the rollout of the 3rd Edition when the original terms were reinstated. Since the change, the term "baatezu" has been retained as a specific subset of powerful devils.
===''Advanced Dungeons & Dragons'' 1st edition (1977–1988)===
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A series of articles appearing in ''[[Dragon (magazine)|Dragon]]'' in 1983 greatly expanded upon the devils and their home, the [[Baator|Nine Hells]], and introduced numerous new devils and arch-devils. The article "From the Sorcerer's Scroll: New Denizens of Devildom" by [[Gary Gygax]] in ''Dragon'' #75 (July 1983) introduced the [[Abishai (Dungeons & Dragons)|black abishai, blue abishai, green abishai, red abishai, and white abishai]] (lesser devils), the bearded devil (lesser devil), the spined devil (least devil), the princess of Hell [[Glasya]], the dukes of Hell Amon, Bael, Bitru, Hutijin, and Titivilus, and the arch devils Belial, Mammon, Mephistopheles, and Moloch.<ref>[[Gary Gygax|Gygax, Gary]]. "From the Sorcerer's Scroll: New Denizens of Devildom." ''[[Dragon (magazine)|Dragon]]'' #75 (TSR, 1983)</ref> Dozens of unique devils appeared in a two-part article by [[Ed Greenwood]], including the greater devils Bist, Caim, and Nergal, the dukes of Hell Agares, Alocer, Amduscias, Arioch, Balan, Bathym, Biffant, Caarcrinolaas, Chamo, Focalor, Gaziel, Gorson, Herodias, Machalas, Malphas, Melchon, and Merodach, and the princesses of Hell Cozbi, Lilis, and Naome in "The Nine Hells Part I" in ''Dragon'' #75,<ref>[[Ed Greenwood|Greenwood, Ed]]. "The Nine Hells Part I." ''[[Dragon (magazine)|Dragon]]'' #75 ([[TSR, Inc.|TSR]], 1983)</ref> and the dukes of Hell Abigor, Adonides, Barbas, Barbatos, Bele, Bifrons, Bileth, Buer, Bune, Morax, Neabaz, Rimmon, Tartach, Zagum, and Zepar, the princesses of Hell Baalphegor, Baftis, and Lilith, the chancellor of Hell Adramalech, the queen of Hell Bensozia, and the inquisitor of Hell Phongor in "The Nine Hells Part II" in ''Dragon'' #76 (August 1983).<ref>[[Ed Greenwood|Greenwood, Ed]]. "The Nine Hells Part II." ''[[Dragon (magazine)|Dragon]]'' #76 (TSR, 1983)</ref>
The black abishai, blue abishai, green abishai, red abishai, and white abishai (lesser devils), the bearded devil (lesser devil), the [[nupperibo]] (least devil), and the spined devil (least devil), appeared in the first edition ''Monster Manual II'' (1983), along with the princess of Hell Glasya, the dukes of Hell Amon, Bael, Hutijin, and Titivilus, and the arch devils Belial, Mammon, Mephistopheles, and Moloch.<ref>[[Gary Gygax|Gygax, Gary]]. ''[[Monster Manual II]]'' ([[TSR, Inc.|TSR]], 1983)</ref> Ed Greenwood's follow-up article, "The Nine Hells Revisited" in ''Dragon'' #91 (November 1984), introduced the greater devils [[Armaros (Dungeons & Dragons)|Armaros]], [[Azazel (Dungeons & Dragons)|Azazel]], [[Cahor]], [[Dagon (Dungeons & Dragons)#The outcast Dagon|Dagon]], [[Duskur]], [[Kochbiel]], [[Malarea]], [[Nisroch (Dungeons & Dragons)|Nisroch]], [[Rumjal (Dungeons & Dragons)|Rumjal]], and the arch-devil
Baalphegor appeared as the ultimate villain of "Caermor" in ''Dungeon'' #2 (November 1986)<ref>[[Nigel D. Findley|Findley, Nigel D.]] "Caermor." ''[[Dungeon (magazine)|Dungeon]]'' #2 (TSR, 1986)</ref> (which was later reprinted in the ''[[Dungeons of Despair]]'' anthology (1999).<ref>[[Christopher Perkins (game designer)|Perkins, Christopher]], ed. ''[[Dungeons of Despair]]'' (TSR, 1999)</ref>).
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