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{{Short description|Concept of geologic time}}
{{
'''Deep time''' is the concept of [[Geologic time scale|geologic time]]. The philosophical concept of deep time was developed in the 18th century by [[Scottish people|Scottish]] geologist [[James Hutton]] (1726–1797);{{sfn|Palmer|Zen}}{{sfn|Kubicek|2008}} his "system of the habitable Earth" was a [[deism|deistic]] mechanism keeping the world would eternally suitable for humans.<ref name="Rudwick68">{{cite book|author=M. J. S. Rudwick|title=Earth's Deep History: How It Was Discovered and Why It Matters|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lYyRBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA68|date=15 October 2014|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-20393-5|pages=68–70}}</ref> The modern concept shows huge changes over the [[age of the Earth]] which has been determined to be, after a long and complex history of developments, around 4.55 billion years.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-science-figured-out-the-age-of-the-earth/|title=How Science Figured Out the Age of Earth|last=Braterman|first=Paul S.|website=Scientific American|access-date=2016-04-17}}</ref>▼
'''Deep time''' is a term introduced and applied by [[John McPhee]] to the concept of [[Geologic time scale|geologic time]] in his book ''[[Annals of the Former World|Basin and Range]]'' (1981), parts of which originally appeared in ''[[The New Yorker]]'' magazine.{{sfn|McPhee|1998|p=77}}
▲
== Concept ==
{{Life timeline}}
James Hutton based his view of deep time on a form of geochemistry that had developed in Scotland and Scandinavia from the 1750s onward.<ref>{{cite book |last = Eddy |first = Matthew Daniel |title = The Language of Mineralogy: John Walker, Chemistry and the Edinburgh Medical School
Early [[geologists]] such as [[Nicolas Steno]]
Other scientists such as [[Georges Cuvier]]
<blockquote>
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</blockquote>
[[File:Nature_timespiral_vertical_layout.png|thumb|300px|In this illustration of the [[Big History]] the unit [[Billion years|Ga ("giga-annum")]] has been chosen to bring the different periods and events into graspable numbers.]]
[[H. G. Wells]] and [[Julian Huxley]] regarded the difficulties of coping with the concept of deep time as exaggerated:▼
▲The [[Roman Catholic]] [[theologian]] [[Thomas Berry]] (1914–2009) explored [[spirituality|spiritual]] implications of the concept of deep time. Berry proposes that a deep understanding of the history and functioning of the evolving universe is a necessary inspiration and guide for our own effective functioning as individuals and as a species. This view has greatly influenced the development of [[deep ecology]] and [[ecophilosophy]]. The experiential nature of the experience of deep time has also greatly influenced the work of [[Joanna Macy]].
<blockquote>"The use of different scales is simply a matter of practice
▲[[H.G. Wells]] and [[Julian Huxley]] regarded the difficulties of coping with the concept of deep time as exaggerated:
== See also ==▼
▲"The use of different scales is simply a matter of practice", they said in ''[[The Science of Life]]'' (1929). "We very soon get used to maps, though they are constructed on scales down to a hundred-millionth of natural size. . . to grasp geological time all that is needed is to stick tight to some magnitude which shall be the unit on the new and magnified scale—a million years is probably the most convenient—to grasp its meaning once and for all by an effort of imagination, and then to think of all passage of geological time in terms of this unit."<ref>
* {{annotated link|Timeline of human evolution}}
▲==See also==
* {{annotated link|History of life}}
*
* {{annotated link|Big History}}
* [[Deep history]]▼
*
* {{annotated link|Clock of the Long Now}}
* {{annotated link|Formation of the Solar System}}
* {{annotated link|Long-term nuclear waste warning messages}}
*
== Notes and references ==
{{reflist|30em}}
==
* {{cite web |url= http://www.acampbell.ukfsn.org/bookreviews/r/gee.html |title= Book review: ''In Search of Deep Time'' |
* {{cite web|last=Darwin|first=C. R.|url=http://www.darwinproject.ac.uk/darwinletters/calendar/entry-101.html|title=Darwin Correspondence Project
* {{cite web |url= http://wasdarwinwrong.com/kortho49.htm |title= A Revolution in Palaeontology: Review of Henry Gee's ''In Search of Deep Time'' |
* {{cite web |url=http://nagt.org/files/nagt/jge/abstracts/Montgomery_v51n5.pdf |title=Siccar Point and Teaching the History of Geology |
* {{cite journal |url= http://bcn.boulder.co.us/basin/local/sustain2.htm |title= The Context of Humanity: Understanding Deep Time |
* {{cite web |url= http://geowords.com/histbookpdf/a22.pdf |title= Hutton's unconformities |first= Hugh |last= Rance |year= 1999
=== Books ===
* {{cite book|
* {{cite book |last=McPhee |first=John |date=1998 |title=Annals of the Former World |location=New York |publisher=Farrar, Straus and Giroux}} <!-- as it appears in book but apparently invalid |isbn=0-347-10520-0 -->
*Rossi, Paolo (1984). ''The Dark Abyss of Time: The History of the Earth and the History of Nations from Hooke to Vico'', tr. by Lydia Cochrane, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 338, {{ISBN|0226728358}}.▼
* {{cite book |
▲* Rossi, Paolo (1984). ''The Dark Abyss of Time: The History of the Earth and the History of Nations from Hooke to Vico'', tr. by Lydia Cochrane, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 338, {{ISBN|0226728358}}.
*{{cite book|authorlink=Stephen Toulmin |authorlink2=June Goodfield|first=Stephen |last=Toulmin|first2=June |last2= Goodfield |year=1965|title= The Ancestry of Science: The Discovery of Time| page=64 |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]]|ref=harv}}▼
* {{cite book | last = Sivin | first = Nathan | author-link = Nathan Sivin | title = Science in Ancient China: Researches and Reflections | publisher = Ashgate Publishing [[Variorum]] series | year = 1995 | location = [[Brookfield, Vermont]] | pages = III, 23–24 }}
*{{cite book|last=White|first=Andrew Dickson|authorlink=Andrew Dickson White|title=A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom|url= http://www.infidels.org/library/historical/andrew_white/Chapter5.html|location= [[New York City|New York]]|publisher=[[D. Appleton & Company]]|year=1896|ref=harv}}▼
▲* {{cite book|
*{{cite book|last=Winchester|first=Simon |authorlink= Simon Winchester|title= [[The Map That Changed the World: William Smith and the Birth of Modern Geology]]|chapter = Chapter 2 |location=[[New York City|New York]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|year=2001|isbn=0-06-019361-1|ref=harv}}▼
▲* {{cite book|last=White|first=Andrew Dickson|
;Journals▼
▲* {{cite book|last=Winchester|first=Simon |
*{{cite journal|last1=Ialenti|first1=Vincent|date=|title=Adjudicating Deep Time: Revisiting The United States’ High-Level Nuclear Waste Repository Project At Yucca Mountain|journal=Science & Technology Studies|volume=27|issue=2|pages=|via=|url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2457896}}▼
*{{cite journal |title= Ages in Chaos: James Hutton and the Discovery of Deep Time |last=Kubicek |first=Robert |journal= [[The Historian (journal)|The Historian]]|volume=70| issue=1|isbn=0-7653-1238-7 |date= 2008-03-01|pages=142–143 |ref=harv}}▼
*{{cite journal |title= Hutton's Unconformity |first=John|last=Playfair|journal= Transactions of the [[Royal Society of Edinburgh]]|volume= V |issue=III|year=1805|ref=harv}}▼
▲* {{cite journal|last1=Ialenti|first1=Vincent
▲* {{cite journal |title=
▲* {{cite journal |title= Hutton's Unconformity |first=John|last=Playfair|journal= Transactions of the
== External links ==
* [https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20201209-the-benefits-of-embracing-deep-time-in-a-year-like-2020 "The benefits of embracing 'deep time' in a year like 2020" (Vincent Ialenti)]—[[BBC Future]].
* [http://www.
* [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/change/deeptime/low_bandwidth.html Deep Time] in [[Evolution (TV series)|''
* [http://
* [http://www.deeptimewalk.org/kit/app Deep Time Walk App – A new story of the living Earth: Interactive Walking Experience]
*[https://www.npr.org/sections/13.7/2014/09/28/351692717/embracing-deep-time-thinking "Embracing 'Deep Time' Thinking" (Vincent Ialenti)] NPR Cosmos & Culture.▼
* [https://www.npr.org/sections/13.7/2014/09/
▲* [https://www.npr.org/sections/13.7/2014/09/
{{Time Topics}}
{{Chronology}}
{{Big History}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Evolution]]▼
[[Category:Geochronology]]▼
[[Category:Historical geology]]
[[Category:History of Earth science]]
▲[[Category:Geochronology]]
▲[[Category:Evolution]]
[[Category:Time]]
[[Category:1981 neologisms]]
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