|
'''Dry glue''' is an [[adhesion]] product based upon the [[adaptation]]s of [[gecko]]s' feet that allow them to climb sheer surfaces such as vertical glass. Synthetic equivalents use [[carbon nanotube]]s as [[synthetic setae]] on reusable adhesive patches.
{{lead too short|date=July 2010}}
'''Dry glue''' is a method of adhesion based upon the naturally occurring adaptations of the feet of [[gecko]]s, which allow them to climb sheer surfaces, and even glass walls.
==Background==
[[Image:Gecko Leaftail 1.jpg|thumb|right|300px|[[Gecko]] climbing glass using its natural [[seta]]]]
A gecko can hang on a glass surface using only one toe. This ability of geckos has beenis attributed to [[van der Waals force]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.clemson.edu/newsroom/articles/2009/august/geckos.php5 |title=Researchers discover how geckos know when to hold tight<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2009-11-08 |archive-date=2010-06-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100611153743/http://www.clemson.edu/newsroom/articles/2009/august/geckos.php5 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Autumn | first1 = Kellar | authorlink2 author-link2= Metin Sitti | last2 = Sitti | first2 = Metin | last3 = Liang | first3 = Yiching A. | last4 = Peattie | first4 = Anne M. | last5 = Hansen | first5 = Wendy R. | last6 = Sponberg | first6 = Simon | last7 = Kenny | first7 = Thomas W. | last8 = Fearing | first8 = Ronald | last9 = Israelachvili | first9 = Jacob N. ''et al|last10=Full|first10=R.'' J.| year = 2002 | title = Evidence for van der Waals adhesion in gecko setae | url = | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA | volume = 99 | issue = 19| pages = 12252–12256 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.192252799 | pmid = 12198184 | pmc = 129431 |bibcode = 2002PNAS...9912252A |display-authors=3|doi-access=free}}</ref> although a more recent study suggests that water molecules of roughly monolayer thickness (present on virtually all natural surfaces) also play a role.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Huber | first1 = G. | last2 = Mantz | first2 = H. | last3 = Spolenak | first3 = R. | last4 = Mecke | first4 = K. | last5 = Jacobs | first5 = K. | last6 = Gorb | first6 = S. N. | last7 = Arzt | first7 = E. | year = 2005 | title = Evidence for capillarity contributions to gecko adhesion from single spatula nanomechanical measurements | url = | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA | volume = 102 | issue = 45| pages = 16293–16296 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0506328102 | pmid = 16260737 | pmc = 1283435 |bibcode = 2005PNAS..10216293H |doi-access=free}}</ref>
==Developments==
In 2007, researchers from the [[University of Akron]] and [[Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute]] announced they had developed a form of flexible, reusable [[gecko tape]] using [[carbon nanotube]]s to create microscopic [[synthetic setae]] and [[spatula]]e capable of supporting a [[shear stress]] of 32 [[Newton (unit)|N]]/[[Metre|cm]]<sup>2</sup>, which is four times the strength of a gecko's foot.<ref>{{Cite journal
===University of Akron and the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute===
| last1 = Ge | first1 = L.
Researchers announced in a paper published in the June 18–22, 2007 issue of the ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences'' that using this technique they have created a synthetic “gecko tape” with four times the sticking power of a natural gecko foot.<ref>[http://www.physorg.com/news101460241.html Nanotube adhesive sticks better than a gecko's foot], ''PhysOrg.com'' retrieved 7 July 2007</ref> Particularly effective has been a checkerboard carpet of this material, which can be peeled and re-adhered repeatedly without weakening.<ref>http://www.nsf.gov/discoveries/disc_summ.jsp?cntn_id=112442&org=NSF</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Will Knight |title=Gecko-like robot scampers up the wall |url=http://www.newscientist.com/news/news.jsp?id=ns99993785 |date=2003-06-01 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20071213181425rn_1/www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn3785 |archivedate=2007-12-13 |work=[[New Scientist]] |accessdate=2009-05-02 |postscript=<!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. -->{{inconsistent citations}} }} Cites {{cite journal|doi=10.1038/nmat917|title=Microfabricated adhesive mimicking gecko foot-hair|year=2003|last1=Geim|first1=A. K.|last2=Dubonos|first2=S. V.|last3=Grigorieva|first3=I. V.|last4=Novoselov|first4=K. S.|last5=Zhukov|first5=A. A.|last6=Shapoval|first6=S. Yu.|journal=Nature Materials|volume=2|issue=7|pages=461–463|pmid=12776092|bibcode=2003NatMa...2..461G}}</ref><ref>http://www.uakron.edu/news/articles/uamain_1293.php</ref> The material is made of columns of [[carbon nanotubes]] rooted in pieces of flexible polymer. The nanotubes were grown on a silicon base and then transferred to the polymer to provide a flexible base, similar to a gecko's foot. When dried, the polymer holds the silicon base, which in turn, holds the nanotubes.{{cn|date=February 2012}}
| last2 = Sethi | first2 = S.
| last3 = Ci | first3 = L.
| last4 = Ajayan | first4 = P. M.
| last5 = Dhinojwala | first5 = A.
| title = Carbon nanotube-based synthetic gecko tapes
| doi = 10.1073/pnas.0703505104
| journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
| volume = 104
| issue = 26
| pages = 10792–10795
| year = 2007
| pmid = 17578915
| pmc =1904109
|bibcode = 2007PNAS..10410792G | doi-access = free
}}</ref>
In 2008 researchers from the [[University of Dayton]] reported a gecko glue capable of supporting 100N/cm<sup>2</sup>, ten times the strength generated by a gecko's foot. The research also used carbon nanotubes, but included a curled end which allowed stronger binding but easy removal.<ref>{{Cite journal
===Stanford University and Carnegie Mellon University===
| last1 = Qu | first1 = L.
In 2006, researchers at [[Stanford University]] and [[Carnegie Mellon University]] developed a gecko-like [[robot]] which uses [[synthetic setae]] to mount walls.<ref>{{Cite document |title=Gecko-like robot scampers up the wall |url=http://www.newscientisttech.com/channel/tech/mg19025526.500.html |date=2006-05-23 |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20071216191024/technology.newscientist.com/channel/tech/mg19025526.500.html |archivedate=2007-12-16 |publisher=[[New Scientist]] |issue=2552 |pages=29 |accessdate=2009-05-02 |postscript=<!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. -->{{inconsistent citations}}}}</ref>
| last2 = Dai | first2 = L.
| last3 = Stone | first3 = M.
===Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta===
| last4 = Xia | first4 = Z.
On October 9, 2008, the discovery of a new type of dry glue designed to mimic gecko feet was announced. The glue is 10 times stickier than that of the gravity-defying lizards, and three times stickier than other gecko-inspired glues. [[Liming Dai]] of the [[University of Dayton]] said "It's the stickiest dry glue yet".<ref>[http://www.reuters.com/article/scienceNews/idUSN0942431020081009?sp=true Gecko-like glue is said to be stickiest yet], "reuters.com" 8 October 2008</ref>
| last5 = Wang | first5 = Z. L.
| title = Carbon Nanotube Arrays with Strong Shear Binding-On and Easy Normal Lifting-Off
===Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency===
| doi = 10.1126/science.1159503
{{Unreferenced section|date=August 2011}}
| journal = Science
DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) is also currently working on this technology to enable a soldier to scale a wall at .5 m/s{{Citation needed|date=August 2011}}. This project is named Z-Man. Experiments are currently under way to develop nano-adhesives using the van der Waals effect.{{cn|date=February 2012}}
| volume = 322
| issue = 5899
===Nitto Denko and Nitto Analytical Techno Center===
| pages = 238–242
Nitto Denko Corporation achieved the world's first-ever precise, contamination-free analysis service in the extreme, conventionally impossible -150-500 degrees Celsius range by utilizing its cutting-edge innovation, a biomimic dry adhesive or glue ("Gecko Tape") that has the similar adhesive strength as natural gecko's foot. It is the first time Gecko Tape is put into practical use. Specifically, it is utilized for fixing specimens to analytical equipment.<ref>[http://www.nitto.com/news/20120224/index.html]</ref>
| year = 2008
| pmid = 18845750
|bibcode = 2008Sci...322..238Q | s2cid = 9597020
}}</ref> [[DARPA|Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency]] (DARPA) has a project called "Z-Man" that is attempting to develop a fabric allowing soldiers to scale vertical walls while carrying a full combat load.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.darpa.mil/our_work/DSO/programs/Z_man.aspx | title = Z-man | publisher = [[DARPA]] | access-date = 2012-07-27 | last = Goodman | first = M | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120806163801/http://www.darpa.mil/Our_Work/DSO/Programs/Z_Man.aspx | archive-date = 2012-08-06 }}</ref> In February 2012 [[Nitto Denko]] developed a version of gecko tape capable of sticking at temperatures between -150 and 500°[[Celsius|C]].<ref>{{cite press release|title=Nitto Denko's "Gecko Tape" achieves precise, contamination-free analysis service in the -150- 500°C range | publisher = [[Nitto Denko]] | date = 2012-02-24 | access-date = 2012-07-27 | url = http://www.nitto.com/news/20120224/index.html }}</ref>
==See also==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}http://www.nitto.com/news/20100123/index.html
{{Reflist}}http://www.nitto.com/news/20100123/index.html
==External links==
http://www.natc.co.jp/service/landing.html
*[https://www.deepmateriales.com/ Semiconductor Adhesives]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dry Glue}}
[[Category:Adhesives]]
|