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{{Other uses}}▼
{{short description|Group of components that deliver power to the driving wheels}}
▲{{Other uses}}
{{Distinguish|transmission (mechanical device)}}
[[File:Transverse engine layout.png|thumb|Engine and drivetrain of a transverse-engined front-wheel drive car]]
|title=Automotive Handbook
|year=1993
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|ref={{harvid|Bosch|Automotive Handbook}}
|page=536
}}</ref> This excludes the engine or motor that generates the power. In marine applications, the [[drive shaft]] will drive a [[propeller]], thruster, or waterjet rather than a [[drive axle]], while the actual engine might be
In contrast, the
▲In marine applications, the [[drive shaft]] will drive a [[propeller]] rather than a [[drive axle]], while the actual engine might be highly similar to an automotive engine.
== Function ==
The function of the drivetrain is to couple the engine that produces the power to the driving wheels that use this mechanical power to rotate the axle. This connection involves physically linking the two components, which may be at opposite ends of the vehicle and so requiring a long [[propeller shaft]] or [[drive shaft]]. The operating speed of the engine and wheels are also different and must be matched by the correct [[gear ratio]]. As the vehicle speed changes, the ideal engine speed must remain approximately constant for efficient operation and so this gearbox ratio must also be changed, either manually, automatically or by an automatic [[continuously variable transmission|continuous variation]].
==
The precise components of the drivetrain vary, according to the type of vehicle.
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* Propeller shaft
* Rear axle
**
** Differential
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[[File:Manual Transmission for Volkswagen Golf.jpg|thumb|Front wheel drive manual transaxle, showing the gearbox and final drive incorporated in the same housing]]
* Clutch
* Motor
** Gearbox
** Final drive
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The final drive is the last in the set of components which delivers torque to the [[drive wheel]]s. In a road vehicle, it incorporates the [[Differential (mechanical device)|differential]]. In a railway vehicle, it sometimes incorporates the reversing gear. Examples include the [[Self-Changing Gears]] RF 28 (used in many [[List of British Rail diesel multiple unit classes|first-generation diesel multiple units]] of [[British Railways]])<ref>Mann, R. H., ''Diesel Rail-Cars'', Draughtsmens and Allied Technicians Association, 1964, pp 45–50</ref> and RF 11 used in the [[British Rail Class 03]] and [[British Rail Class 04]] diesel shunting locomotives.
In a [[motor vehicle]], the '''powertrain''' consists of the source of propulsion (e.g. the engine or electric motor) and the drivetrain system which transfers this energy into forward movement of the vehicle.<ref>{{cite web |title=Drivetrain Quiz |url=http://carcare.org/car-care-articles/drivetrain |website=www.carcare.org |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100616015747/http://carcare.org/car-care-articles/drivetrain |archive-date=16 June 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
=== Powertrain ===
==== Definition ====
The powertrain consists of the prime mover (e.g. an internal combustion engine and/or one or more traction motors) and the drivetrain - all of the components that convert the prime mover's power into movement of the vehicle (e.g. the [[automotive transmission|transmission]], [[driveshaft]]s, [[Differential (mechanical device)|differential]] and [[axle]]s);<ref>{{cite web |title=What Does a Powertrain Warranty Cover? |url=https://www.carchex.com/content/what-does-a-powertrain-warranty-cover |website=www.carchex.com |access-date=30 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=What is a Powertrain or Drivetrain? |url=https://www.whichcar.com.au/car-advice/what-is-a-powertrain-or-drivetrain |website=www.whichcar.com.au |date=22 July 2016 |access-date=30 November 2020 |language=en-au}}</ref> whereas the drivetrain does not include the power source and consists of the transmission, driveshafts, differential and axles.<ref>{{cite web |title=What is a Car Powertrain? |url=https://itstillruns.com/what-car-powertrain-4681370.html |website=www.itstillruns.com |access-date=30 November 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=What Does a Powertrain Warranty Cover? What is a Powertrain? |url=https://www.autosimple.com/blog/powertrain-warranty/ |website=www.autosimple.com |date=17 August 2017 |access-date=30 November 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
==== Power sources ====
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* [[liquefied petroleum gas]]
Most purely electric vehicles use batteries for energy storage
Vehicles with both internal combustion engines and electric motors are called ''hybrid vehicles''. If a hybrid vehicle includes a charging socket, it is considered to be a [[plug-in hybrid]], while vehicles that do not include a charging socket (therefore relying on the engine or [[regenerative braking]] to charge the batteries) are considered to be [[mild hybrid]]s.
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== See also ==
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* {{annotated link|Propulsion transmission}}
▲* [[Internal combustion engine]]
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==References==
{{Commons category|Powertrain}}▼
{{Reflist}}
▲{{Commons category|Powertrain}}
{{Powertrain}}
{{Authority control}}
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