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[[File:Astoria Park Panorama of Triborough and Hell's Gate Bridges.jpg|thumb|center|750px|A panorama of the suspension section of the [[Triborough Bridge|Robert F. Kennedy Bridge]] (left) and the [[Hell Gate Bridge]] (right), as seen from [[Astoria Park]] in [[Queens]]]]
===20th
Philanthropist [[John D. Rockefeller]] founded what is now [[Rockefeller University]] in 1901, between [[List of numbered streets in Manhattan|63rd]] and [[List of numbered streets in Manhattan|64th]] Streets on the river side of [[York Avenue and Sutton Place|York Avenue]], overlooking the river. The university is a research university for doctoral and post-doctoral scholars, primarily in the fields of medicine and biological science. North of it is one of the major medical centers in the city, [[NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital|NewYork Presbyterian / Weill Cornell Medical Center]], which is associated with the medical schools of both [[Columbia University]] and [[Cornell University]]. Although it can trace its history back to 1771, the center on York Avenue, much of which overlooks the river, was built in 1932.<ref>Eldredge & Horenstein (2014), pp.89–90</ref>
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North of the power plant can be found [[Socrates Sculpture Park]], an illegal dumpsite and abandoned landfill that in 1986 was turned into an outdoor museum, exhibition space for artists, and public park by sculptor [[Mark di Suvero]] and local activists. The area also contains Rainey Park, which honors Thomas C. Rainey, who attempted for 40 years to get a bridge built in that location from Manhattan to Queens. The [[Queensboro Bridge]] was eventually built south of this location.<ref name=concrete89 />
===21st century===
In 2011, [[NY Waterway]] started operating its East River Ferry line.<ref name=":10" /> The route was a 7-stop East River service that runs in a loop between [[East 34th Street Ferry Landing|East 34th Street]] and [[Long Island City|Hunters Point]], making two intermediate stops in Brooklyn and three in Queens. The ferry, an alternative to the New York City Subway, cost $4 per one-way ticket.<ref name=":10">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/14/nyregion/east-river-ferry-service-begins-with-7-stops.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/14/nyregion/east-river-ferry-service-begins-with-7-stops.html |archive-date=January 1, 2022 |url-access=limited|title=East River Ferry Service Begins|last1=Grynbaum|first1=Michael M.|date=June 13, 2011|last2=Quinlan|first2=Adriane|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 23, 2016}}{{cbignore}}</ref> It was instantly popular: from June to November 2011, the ferry saw 350,000 riders, over 250% of the initial ridership forecast of 134,000 riders.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/17/nyregion/east-river-ferry-service-exceeds-expectations.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/17/nyregion/east-river-ferry-service-exceeds-expectations.html |archive-date=January 1, 2022 |url-access=limited|title=East River Ferry Service Exceeds Expectations|last=McGeehan|first=Patrick|date=October 16, 2011|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 23, 2016}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In December 2016, in preparation for the start of [[NYC Ferry]] service the next year, [[Hornblower Cruises]] purchased the rights to operate the East River Ferry.<ref>{{cite web | last=Evelly | first=Jeanmarie | title=Citywide Ferry Operator Hornblower Begins Takeover of East River Ferry | website=DNAinfo New York | date=December 19, 2016 | url=https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20161219/long-island-city/hornblower-citywide-ferry-system-east-river-ferry | access-date=September 23, 2017 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924001647/https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20161219/long-island-city/hornblower-citywide-ferry-system-east-river-ferry | archive-date=September 24, 2017 | df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-newly-opened-ferry-service-hit-constant-delays-article-1.3151247|title=NYC's newly opened ferry service already hit by constant delays|work=NY Daily News|last=Rivoli|first=Dan|date=May 10, 2017|access-date=September 23, 2017|language=en}}</ref> NYC Ferry started service on May 1, 2017, with the East River Ferry as part of the system.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/newswires/new-york/nyc-launches-ferry-service-queens-east-river-routes-article-1.3122046|title=NYC launches ferry service with Queens, East River routes|date=May 1, 2017|website=NY Daily News|publisher=Associated Press|access-date=May 1, 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170501154444/http://www.nydailynews.com/newswires/new-york/nyc-launches-ferry-service-queens-east-river-routes-article-1.3122046|archive-date=May 1, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/01/nyregion/new-york-today-citywide-ferry-service-begins.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/01/nyregion/new-york-today-citywide-ferry-service-begins.html |archive-date=January 1, 2022 |url-access=limited|title=New York Today: Our City's New Ferry|last1=Levine|first1=Alexandra S.|date=May 1, 2017|work=The New York Times|access-date=May 1, 2017|last2=Wolfe|first2=Jonathan|issn=0362-4331}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
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On May 7, 2017, the catastrophic failure of a [[Consolidated Edison|Con Edison]] substation in Brooklyn caused a spill into the river of over {{convert|5,000|gal|0}} of [[Liquid dielectric|dielectric fluid]], a synthetic mineral oil used to cool electrical equipment and prevent electrical discharges. (See [[#2017 oil spill|below]].)
At the end of 2022, gold miner John Reeves claimed that up to 50 tons of ice age artifacts bound for the [[American Museum of Natural History]] , including mammoth remains, had been dumped into the East River near 65th Street. Although the museum denied that any fossils had been dumped into the river, Reeves's allegations prompted commercial divers to search the river for evidence of mammoth bones.<ref>{{cite web | title=Treasure hunters search NYC's East River after claim that mammoth bones were dumped there in the 1940s | website=CBS News | date=January 16, 2023 | url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/treasure-hunters-east-river-nyc-claim-mammoth-bones-1940s-joe-rogan-podcast/ | access-date=March 22, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Wilson|first=Michael|date=2023-01-27|title=Mammoth Tusks in the East River? How Joe Rogan Started a ‘Bone Rush.’|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/27/nyregion/joe-rogan-mammoth-tusks-east-river.html|access-date=2023-03-22|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
==Ecosystem collapse, pollution and health==
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